BY GROUP

PLANT CLASSIFICATION

Hamad KhanRoll no. 31BBT 1ST SEMESTER

Fareed AhmadRoll no. 37BBT 1ST SEMESTER

Muhammad NabiRoll no. 28BBT 1ST SEMESTER

Salman KhanRoll no. 23BBT 1ST SEMESTER

Centre Of Biotechnology And Microbiology

Classification Of Plants

Land plants first appeared during the Ordovician period, more than 500 million years ago.

The evolution of plants occurred by a stepwise development of physical structures and reproductive mechanisms such as vascular tissue, seed production, and flowering.

Early Plants

• The adaptation of plants to life on land occurred gradually through the stepwise development of physical structures and reproduction mechanisms

Gradual Evolution Of Plants

Evolution Of Plants

What is Classification?

Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities.

Taxonomy is the science of grouping and naming organisms.

Why classify organisms?

To understand our own evolution.

Carolos(Carl) Linnaeus A Swedish botanist/physician named Carl Linnaeus (1707-

1778)adopted a system of classifying and naming. Linnaeus attempted to describe the entire known nature

world and give every species a two part name. Linnaeus modified a system of naming that was used in

various forms about two hundred years before this time & binomial nomenclature become extremely common & currently is still in use.

Linnaeus is known as the father of taxonomy.

Levels of classification

• 7 levels known as taxa • Kingdom• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus• species

• Kingdoms are divided into a group called phyla .

• Phyla are subdivided into classes.• Classes are subdivided into order.• Order is subdivided into families.• Families are divided into genera.• Genera contain closely related

species.• Species is unique.

Categories within kingdoms

Carolos Linnaeus proposed the two kingdom classification in 1758.

• The two kingdoms consisted of:

• Plantae• Animalia

Two Kingdom System

Plant ClassificationNon-flowering

Plants

Flowering

Spore-bearing

Naked seeds

No roots

with roots

Mosses Ferns

Gymnosperms

1 seed-leaf

2 seed-leaves

Monocots Dicots

A plant can be divided into 3 parts

Plant Kingdom

Flowering Plants

Non-flowering Plants

Ferns

Mosses

Gymnosperms

Non - flowering Plants

Do NOT produce flowers

Simplest plants.No true roots, No vascular

tissues (no transport).Simple stems & leaves.Have rhizoids for anchorage.Spores from capsules (wind-

dispersal).Damp terrestrial land.

Characteristics of Mosses

Example Of Mosses

Roots, feathery leaves & underground stems.

have vascular tissues (transport & support)

Spore-producing organ on the underside of leaves (reproduction).

Damp & shady places.

Characteristics Of Ferns

Ferns

Example Of FERNS

Tall evergreen treesRoots, woody stemsNeedle-shaped leavesVascular tissues (transport)Cones with reproductive

StructuresNaked seeds in female conesDry places

Characteristics Of Gymnosperm

Classification Of Gymnosperm

Example Of Gymnosperms

Monocotyledons Dicotyledons

Flowering Plants

One seed-leaf. Leaves have parallel veins. Herbaceous plants. Fibrous Roots. Vascular Bundles are

scattered. Flower Parts are in multiple of

3.

Characteristics Of Monocotyledons

Example Of Monocotyledons

Sunflower Maize

Two Cotyledons.Tape Root System.Flower parts in multiple of

4 or 5.Vascular system arrange

like a Ring in the stem.Leaves with branched veins.

Characteristics Of Dicotyledons

Example of Dicotyledons

Mulberry Apple tree

Difference between monocotyledons and dicotyledons

Monocotyledons

In monocotyledons the embryo bears one cotyledon.

Veination is parallel in monocotyledons.

The flowers of monocotyledons have trimerous symmetry.

Dicotyledons

In dicotyledons the embryo bears two cotyledons.

In case of dicotyledons veination is reticulate.

But that of dicotyledons have pentamerous symmetry.

Diagram Showing Monocotyledons And Dicotyledons

Showing Vascular Bundles circular pattern in dicots while scattered in monocots

Roots of Monocots & Dicots

Trimerous flowers in case of monocots

while pentamerous

flowers in case of dicots.