Plant Classification & Anatomy
Plants can be classified into 2 main groups:
Non-Vascular Plants mosses = no vascular systems
Vascular Plants Gymnosperms = complex vascular
system + bare seed (cone)(needle trees, conifers)
Angiosperm = complex vascular system + enclosed seed within a flower
(leaf trees, deciduous)
Two types of Vascular Plants ~ P. 531
1. Monocot- Seed: eg. Corn, 1 cotyledon (seed leaf)- Stem: Vascular bundles scattered in pith- Petals: Multiples of 3 (trillium)- Leaf: Veins run parallel through leaf-Roots: Fibrous
Monocot and Dicot Leaves
Two types of Vascular Plants ~ P. 531
2. Dicot- Seed: eg. Peanut, 2 cotyledons- Stem: Vascular bundles in a ring- Petals: Multiples of 4 or 5- Leaf: Veins are “net” like- Roots: tap root
Roots
Two types:1.Tap root system –
one main root; may have secondary roots
2. Fibrous root system – many finer roots; could grow shallow or deep
Functions of Roots
1. Absorb water and dissolved minerals2. Anchor plant in the ground3. Storage for extra food (carrot, beet, etc.)4. In some cases, can reproduce the plant
(hops, dahlias, etc.)
Cool Roots
YouTube “Attenborough Strangler Fig”
Stems
Herbaceous – green & soft, don’t survive the winter
Woody – tough & hard, survive winter(trees)
Functions of Stems
1. Hold up leaves, expose them to light2. Support reproductive parts (flowers)3. Conduct materials between roots and
leaves4. Storage in some plants (celery, sugar
cane, etc.)5. Reproduce some plants (strawberry,
willow, etc.)
Nice stems!
YouTube: “Giant Sequoias” “baobab tree”
Tree Ring Circus
Each year, vascular cambium makes new xylem (annual rings) and new phloem
Dead phloem will become cork and eventually bark
A tree “ring” is made up of spring wood (lots of water, large cells, quick growth) and summer wood (low water, small cells, slow growth)
Tree Ring Circus
Vascular Cambium
Functions of Leaves
1. Photosynthesis (green leaves)2. Gas exchange (O2 and CO2)3. Remove excess water (transpiration)4. Food storage in some plants5. Reproduction in some plants
Cool Leaves
YouTube “mimosa pudica” “attenborough venus flytrap”
Parts of the flower:
Male reproductive part = stamen which are made up of… filament - stalk anther – produces pollen
grainsFemale reproductive part = Pistil
which is made up of… style – stalk stigma – sticky surface at
tip of style ovary – organ that
contain the egg
style
Pollination
1. Pollen grain moves from anther to pistil.2. The grain forms a tube and pollen travels
down it to the egg in the ovary. There is a different pollen grain for each egg.
3. Each fertilized egg becomes a seed.4. The ovary wall becomes the flesh of the
fruit.
You Tube clips…flowers & pollination
Attenborough- Giant Water LiliesTitan ArumPitcher plant