Plumbing - Lectures

8/18/2019 Plumbing - Lectures

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O V E R V I E W


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P l u m b i n g

Definition

the art and technique of installing pipes,

fixtures, and other apparatuses in buildingsfor bringing in the supply of liquids, substances

and/or ingredients and removing them; and such

water, liquid and other carried-

wastes hazardous to health, sanitation, life

and property; also the

pipes and fixtures after installation i.e., the ‘plumbing system’

- NPC 217.6


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H i s t o r y

Plumbing Practice in the

PhilippinesIn 1902, the Plumbing Trade was duly recognized by the

government in the ity of !anila. Master Plumber ohn !"

#aas became the first $hief of the %i&ision of Plumbing

$onstruction and 'nspection. " #lumbing ode based onthe #lumbing ode of the $nited %tates was incorporated into

the &uilding ode for the ity of !anila.

In 19(), the *ational Master Plumbers +ssociation of the

Philippines *+MP+P was formally organized

Manila $it. /rdinance 211, the Plumbing $ode for the

$it. of Manila was enacted and placed under the

%epartment of Public 3er&ices, !anila.


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H i s t o r y

'n anuar. 24, 19)9, the *ational Plumbing $ode of the

Philippines prepared by ("!#"# was promulgated andapproved by !alaca)ang.

&efore !artial *aw in +-, 5epublic +ct *o" 6)1

otherwise nown as the 7uilding $ode of the Philippines

was passed with the 0(ational #lumbing ode of +12 as

referral code in full te3t.

4he Professional 5egulation $ommission P5$ adopted

the 5e&ised Plumbing $ode of 1999 which #resident

5oseph 6strada approved %ecember 21, 1999 pursuant to

3ection of 5"+" 1(84 nown as the Plumbing aw"

In 19), the 4hird ongress approved #ouse 7ill *o" 962

which in une 14, 19)), became 5"+" 1(84 Plumbing aw

of the Philippines upon ratification of #resident 7amon

!agsaysay.


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321

P r i n c i p l e s

"ll premises intended for human use or habitation shall

be pro&ided with a suppl. of pure and wholesome water ,

neither connected to unsafe water supply nor sub8ect to

bacflow or bac9 siphonage.

22 Basic Principles of the

Plumbing Code

Plumbing fixtures, de&ices and appurtenances shall be

supplied with water in sufficient &olume and pressure

adequate to function satisfactorily and without undue noise.

#lumbing shall be designed and ad8usted to use the

minimum quantit. of water consistent with properperformance and cleaning.

4:evices for heating and storing water shall be so designed

and installed as to pre&ent dangers from explosion

through o&erheating"


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65

P r i n c i p l e s

:&er. building abutting on a street, alley or easement with

a public sewer shall connect its plumbing fixtures to thesewer s.stem"

:ach famil. dwelling unit shall have at least one water

closet, one ;itchen t.pe sin;, a la&ator. and a bathtub or

shower to meet the basic requirements of sanitation and

personal hygiene.

7

#lumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth non-absorbent

material, free from concealed fouling surfaces and shall

be located in &entilated enclosures"

8

4he drainage s.stem shall be designed, constructed and

maintained to safeguard against fouling, deposit of solids,

clogging and with adequate cleanouts so arranged that the

pipes may be readily cleaned.


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9

P r i n c i p l e s

"ll piping shall be of durable *+MP+P-+PP5/


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P r i n c i p l e s

143ubstance which will clog the pipes, produce explosi&e

mixtures, destro. the pipes or their =oints or interfereundul. with the sewage-disposal process shall not be

allowed to enter the building drainage system.

15#roper protection shall be provided to pre&ent

contamination of food, water, sterile goods and similar

materials b. bac;flow of sewage. hen necessary, thefi3ture, device or appliance shall be connected indirectly with

the building drainage system.

16(o water closet shall be located in a room or compartment

which is not properl. lighted and &entilated"

17

If there is no sewer system in the area, suitable pro&ision

shall be made for the disposal of building sewage b.

some accepted method of sewage treatment and

disposal, such as a septic tan.


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2019

P r i n c i p l e s

#lumbing systems shall be maintained in ser&iceable

condition b. 5egistered Master Plumbers"

"ll plumbing fixtures shall be installed properl. spaced, tobe accessible for their intended use"

18here a plumbing drainage s.stem may be sub=ect to

bac;flow of sewage, suitable pro&ision shall be made to

pre&ent its o&erflow in the building"

21#lumbing shall be installed with due regard to the

preser&ation of the strength of structural members and

the pre&ention of damage to walls and other surfacesthrough fixture usage"

22

3ewage or other waste from plumbing s.stem which may

be deleterious to surface or sub9surface waters shall not be

discharged into the ground or into an. waterwa., unless

first rendered innocuous through sub8ection to someacceptable form of treatment.


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C o m p o n e n t s

>+T:5 %'3T5'7?T'/* 3@3T:M

!'5: P5/T:$T'/* 3@3T:M

P?M7'*A !'BT?5:3

3+*'T+5@ %5+'*+A: 3@3T:M

3T/5M %5+'*+A: 3@3T:M

!?: A+3 P'P'*A 3@3T:M


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Nature of Water

The Water Ccle!

" #a$orPhases!

6vaporation

ondensation

#recipitation


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The Plumbing Cycle

Components % &lo' inWater (stems!

( ) P P * +

ater !ains,%torage 4ans

DI(TRIB)TIO,

#ressure,

#iping

(etwors

) ( E

#lumbing


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The Plumbing Cycle

Water &unctions Diagram!

()PP*+ DI(TRIB)TIO, ) ( E CO**ECTIO, DI(PO(-*

? water carried wastes@ should always

be only in one direction >from supply to disposal@

4he two sides should always be carefully separated

from each other


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W-TER DI(TRIB)TIO,(+(TE#


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Sources of Water

&or Domestic )se!

SOUR! O""!T#O$ %&'%$T%(!S

5ain

>ater

S%&'%$T%(!S

ater is soft ?

pure and is

suitable for the

hot water

supply system

'nly a source

during the wet

season;

%toragebecomes a

breeding place

for mosquitoes;

7oofs may not

be clean

ollected from

roofs of

buildings and

special water

sheds andstored in

cisterns or

ponds;

istern water

for driningshould be

boiled,

chlorinated or

otherwise

sterilized


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Sources of Water

&or Domestic )se!

SOUR! O""!T#O$ %&'%$T%(!S S%&'%$T%(!S

*atural

3urface

>ater

'btained from

ponds, laes

and rivers

6asy to

acquire;

$sually in large

quantities;

$sed for

irrigation,

industrial

purposes and,

when treated,for community

water supply

ontains a large

amounts of

bacteria, organic,

? inorganic

substances;#urification ?

treatment is

necessary


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Sources of Water

&or Domestic )se!

SOUR! O""!T#O$ %&'%$T%(!S

Around

>ater

S%&'%$T%(!S

'btained from

underground by

means of

mechanical ?

manualequipment;


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Water Treatment

)RO*"!+S %US! !,,!TS ORR!T#O$

+. "cidity 6ntrance of o3ygen and

carbon dio3ide

•orrosion of non9ferrous

pipes•7usting ?

clogging of steel pipes

•7aising alaline content by the

introduction of a neutralizer >sodiumsilicate@

. Aardness #resence of magnesium andcalcium salts

•logging of pipes•Impairedlaundry andcooing

•&oiling•$se of an ione3changer >zeolite process@

B. 4urbidity %ilt or mud insurface or in

ground

•:iscoloration•&ad taste

•


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Quality of Water

Water .ualit Problems %

Their Correction!)RO*"!+S %US! !,,!TS ORR!T#O$

C. olor #resence of Iron and

manganese

• :iscoloration offi3tures

and laundry

•'3idizing filter

1. #ollution ontaminationby organicmatter or sewage

•:isease •hlorination


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Water Treatment

Treatment % Purification!

O*-!T#O$%"*"!!"!+!$T

alcium, !agnesium

R!%SO$S ,OR TR!%T+!$T

#roduces hardness

%ulfur &ad taste ? odor, highly corrosive to

plumbing, stains clothing, etc.

%alt &ad taste, highly corrosive

Iron %tains clothing ? plumbing fi3tures,interferes with water softeners, iron bacteria

clogs pipes

#athogenic germs $nhealthy; may cause poliomyelitis

"cid Aighly corrosive, pics up lead, stainsclothing

"lgae &ad taste ? odor


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Water Treatment

Treatment % Purification!

O*-!T#O$%"*"!!"!+!$T

arbon :io3ide,

Aydrogen %ulfide

+!T.O& O, TR!%T+!$T

"eration

%uspended !aterial oagulation ? %ettling #rocess

&acteria hemicals ? %and filtration

alcium ?

!agnesium

"ddition of water softeners

Iron Iron


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Purification of Water

-ER-TIO,

CO-/)*-TIO, %

PRECIPIT-TIO,

praying the water into the atmosphere through 8ets or passing itover rough surfaces to remove entrained no3ious gases such as

carbon dio3ide or hydrogen sulfideS

ddition of coagulants, such as ferrous sulfate and lime, to the

water which cause the larger suspended particles to form a

gelatinous mass which precipitates readily. 4he precipitate is

gathered in large dumps and disposed of.

%


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Purification of Water&I*TR-TIO,

C0*ORI,-TIO,

(EDI#E,T-TIO,

ater is passed through layers of sandand gravel in concrete basins in order to

remove the finer suspended particles./

ater is in8ected with hypo9chlorite or chlorine gas to ill

the harmful bacteria.

/

ater is passed through basins

so sediments can settle

through a period of time

/


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Wells & Pumps

1Tpes -ccording to #ethod of Construction

:ug ell

!ost common type

$sually dug manually

"round +1 m deep

Indi3idual Well (prings!

a..a. ‘shallow well’

1/eneral!%hallow ells:eep ells

Tpes of Wells


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Wells & Pumps

&ored ell%imilar to dug well, but constructed

using an auger driven in by hand or

with power tools

5etted ell$se of e3treme water pressure so as not to

affect e3isting foundations in the vicinity

$sed only where ground is relatively soft,

hence sometimes referred to as

0%and9#oint ells2

%eldom hand driven below +1 meters,

but can reach CDE meters with power tools

!aes use of a suction pump above, while

casing acts as the pump riser


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Wells & Pumps

:riven ell

:ug with a sharp pointed hollow

slotted iron rod and well screen

:rilled ell

$sed for drilling oil

an reach up to +DDD m

:epths are from +D9+1 meters


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Wells & Pumps

!ost ommon

%ources of

ontaminationF

%eptic 4an /

leach fields

*ivestoc

feedlots

*ocating

a Well!

*ocation must

not be less than+DD ft. away

from such

pollution sources

*ocate on higher ground

4he deeper the well, the better for natural filtration


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Wells & Pumps

#ethods of Well (creening!

ell screens are made of non9corrosive material lie brass.

(atural material lie stones and roc sediment provide

additional screening


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Wells & Pumps

Piston Pumps2 Basic Tpes of Pumps

ater is suced into a sealed vacuum by use of a piston%ingle "ction >water is drawn

in with only + motion@ or;

:ouble "ction >water is drawn

in with either stroe@

:uple3 or 4win #iston #ump


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Wells & Pumps

$entrifugal Pumpsater is drawn into the pump ? discharged with a

centrifugal force


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Wells & Pumps

Tpes4Classifications of Pumps

5eciprocating Pumps piston pumps that operate with controlled speed. 4he discharge

from a reciprocating pump is pulsating and changes only when

the speed of the pump is changed. %ometimes an air chamber is

introduced to regulate the pulsation.


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et Pumps

5et pumps are centrifugal pumps typically used for drawing water up

from a well.

4here are four types of 5et #umpsF

:eep well 5et #umps are used in high volume applications

%hallow well 5et #umps are used for residential wells

onvertible 5et #umps can

be used for deep wells

and shallow wells

!iniature 5et #umps are

used for small applications

Wells & Pumps


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Wells & Pumps

5otar. Pumps

7otary pumps are piston pumps that mae use of a pump driver

7otary #umps can discharge from DD to +DD =#!

7otary #umps are more efficient for viscous fluids

3ubmersible Pumps

%ubmersible #umps are designed to be fully immersible within a tan or

other media storage receptacle.

!any common types of pumps can be designed by manufacturers to

be submersible

3ump Pumps

%ump pumps are used in applications where e3cess water must be

pumped away from a particular area.

%ump pumps, in general, is a category that encompasses a number of

styles of pumps that are used to pump out collected fluid


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Wells & Pumps

Turbine Pumps

4urbine #umps are centrifugal pumps used for large applicationsbecause of their multiple impellers

4urbine #umps can discharge up to DDD =#!


35/235

Water Tanks & Cisterns

4ypes of 4ans for domestic useF

/&erhead Tan;s

$isterns

Pressure Tan;s

#ot >ater Tan;s

9:oes not have any pressure concerns

but relies on gravity to supply water to

fi3tures below

9$sually made of galvanized steel,stainless steel, or reinforced concrete,

it can come in various shapes and sizes

9$sually built of reinforced concrete

underground and connected with a pump


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/ra3it (uppl Tan5s

!ain omponentsF

%upply #ipe

Inlet

'verflow #ipe

:rip #an=ate Galves


$sed in 'verhead


37/235

Pneumatic Water Tan5s!


$sed in the "ir #ressure %ystem

'ften used with a pump

"lso maes use of a pressure relief valve, which

relieves pressure automatically if necessary


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Tpes of 0ot Water Tan5s!


7ange &oiler

%torage &oiler

%mall hot water tan >BD9HD cm

diameter; +Dcm ma3 length@

*arge hot water tan >HD9+BD cm

in diameter; 1m ma3 length@

%tandard woring pressure limit is 1 to +1D psi

!ade of heavy duty material

sheets applied with rust proof paint

%tandard woring pressure limit

is H1 to +DD psi.

!ade of galvanized steel sheet,

copper or stainless steel

C t l V l


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Controls & Valves

&unction of Val3es!ontrol of the water system

- %tart or shut down a system- 7egulate pressure

- hec bacflow

- ontrol the direction of water

Rules Regarding *ocation

of Val3es!

*ocate ? distribute valves in such

a manner that they can isolate a

certain section of the networ in

case of system breadown >beforeeach branch@

*ocate valves where they are not

too visible while remaining

accessible to users

C t l V l


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Controls & Valves

Tpes of Val3es!

=ate Galve a..a. ‘Full-way Valve’

$sed mainly to completely close or

completely open the water line

>does not control flow of water@

&est suited to the main supply andpump lines wherein operation is

infrequent

2 Tpes!4he edge %hape or 4apered :isc

4he :ouble :isc Galve

C t l & V l


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Controls & Valves

=lobe Galve ontrols the flow of water with amovable spindle

an reduce water pressure

>throttling@

'nly one side of the valve is an inlet

" Tpes!4he #lug 4ype :isc Galve

9for throttling

4he onventional :isc Galve >&all 4ype@

9for shutting

4he omposition :isc Galve

9for steam and hot water

C t l & V l


42/235

Controls & Valves

hec Galve !ain function is to prevent reversalof flow >bacflow@ in the line

6 Tpes!4he %wing hec Galve

4he *ift hec Galve

Gertical hec Galve

Aorizontal hec Galve

C t l & V l


43/235

Controls & Valves

"ngle Galve 'perates in the same manner asglobe valve >disc ? seat design@

$sed to mae a DJ turn in a line

7educes number of 8oints


44/235

Controls & Valves

%afety Galve $sed on water systems, heating

systems, compressed air lines ?other pipe lines with e3cessive

pressure

C t l & V l


45/235

Controls & Valves

Tpes of &aucets4Bibbs!

ompressionoc

'perates by thecompression of a

soft pacing upon

a metal sheet

Key oc 'perates with around taperingplug ground to fit

a metal sheet.

‘Aose bibb29

has grooves fit for a hose

&all


46/235

Water istribution System

ater Aammer

Defects in Water Distribution (stems!

a nocing in the pipes caused when

faucets in the lower levels are shut off

abruptly or automatically

W-TER 0-##ER

B-C7 (IP0O,-/E

&ac %iphonage

the force e3erted by the deceleratingwater causes the pipes to shae and

rattle

the flowing bac of used, contaminated or polluted water from aplumbing fi3ture or vessel into a water supply pipe due to a

negative pressure in such pipe

C7ac; !lowDE the flow of water or other liquids, ,mi3tures, or substances into the distributing pipes of a potable supply of

water to a tan, plumbing fi3ture, or other device and the floodlevel rim of the rece tacle.

W t i t ib ti S t


47/235


63pansion / ontraction

Defects in Water Distribution (stems!

#ipes e3pand and contract due to

continuous changes in temperature

E8pansion4 Contraction

&riction 0ead *oss


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:irect #ressure :istribution

Classification of Public Water

Distribution!

ater is obtained through a large intae

installed on the lae basin ? e3tended

into deep water

DIRECT PRE(()REDI(TRIB)TIO,

$omponentsFater basin

7eceiving well


49/235


Indirect #ressure :istribution

Classification of Public Water

Distribution!

DIRECT PRE(()REDI(TRIB)TIO,

ater is taen form a drilled well or

underground water I,DIRECT PRE(()RE

DI(TRIB)TIO,Involves individual special mechanical

equipment

Col! Water istribution


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System

%ervice #ipe

Parts of the Cold Water Distribution

(stem 1Potable % Tap!

pipe from the street water main or

other source of water supply to the

building served(ERVICE PIPE

W-TER #ETER

0ORI9O,T-* ()PP*+#-I,

ater !eter

device used to measure in liters or

gallons the amount of water that

passes through the water service

Aorizontal %upply !ain

the principal water distribution pipe

running from the water meter from

which the various branches andrisers to the fi3tures are taen.



51/235

System

7iser

a water supply pipe e3tending

vertically to one full story or more

to convey water into pipe branches

or plumbing fi3tures

(ERVICE PIPE

W-TER #ETER0ORI9O,T-* ()PP*+#-I,

RI(ER

&I:T)RE BR-,C0

CO,TRO*( % V-*VE(

(TOR-/E T-,7(


52/235

System

$pfeed %ystem

%irect ?pfeed

- ater is provided by the city water

companies using normal pressurefrom public water main

)P&EED (+(TE#

Tpes of Cold Water Distribution(stems 1'ithin buildings!



53/235

System

)P&EED (+(TE#

+ir Pressure 3.stem Pneumatic- hen pressure supplied by city water

supply is not strong enough- ompressed air is used to raise and

push water into the system



54/235

System

)P&EED (+(TE#

DOW,&EED OR/R-VIT+ (+(TE#

:ownfeed >'verheadfeed@ or =ravity %ystem

- ater is pumped into a large

tan on top of the building and is

distributed to the fi3tures by

means of gravity.



55/235

System

%&'%$T%(!S S%&'%$T%(!S

+. 6liminates e3tra cost of pumps ?

tans.

+. #ressure from water main is

inadequate to supply tall buildings.

. ater supply is affected during

pea load hour.

?pfeed 3.stem

+ir Pressure 3.stem

+. ith compact pumping unit.

. %anitary due to air tight water

chamber.

B. economical >smaller pipe diam@C. less initial construction ?

maintenance cost

1. '3ygen in the compressed air

serves as purifying agent.

H. "daptable air pressure.

-. "ir pressure serves zones of

about +D stores intervals.

+. ater supply is affected by loss of

pressure inside the tan in case of

power interruption.



56/235

System

%&'%$T%(!S S%&'%$T%(!S

+. ater is sub8ect to contamination.

. Aigh maintenance cost.B. 'ccupies valuable space.

C. 7equires stronger foundation and

other structure to carry additional

load of tan and water.

+. ater is not affected by pea load

hour.. (ot affected by power

interruptions.

B. 4ime needed to replace broen

parts does not affect water supply.

/&erheadfeeed 3.stem

Hot Water istribution


57/235

System Tpes of the 0ot Water Distribution

(stems 1'ithin buildings!

$pfeed and =ravity 7eturn %ystem

ith a continuing networ of

pipes to provide constant

circulation of water

Aot water rises on its own ?

does not need any pump forcirculation

Aot water is immediately

drawn form the fi3ture any time

#rovided economical circulating

return of unused hot water

*arger pipe is installed at the

top of the riser ? the diminishing

sizes passes through the lower

floors of the building



58/235

System Tpes of the 0ot Water Distribution

(stems 1'ithin buildings!

:ownfeed and =ravity 7eturn %ystem

Aot water rises on to

the highest point of

the plumbing system

and travels to the

fi3tures via gravity>closed pipe system@

ater distribution is

dependent on the

e3pansion of hot

water ? gravity.

*arger pipe is installed

at the bottom of the

riser ? the diminishing

sizes passes

through the upper floors of the buildin



59/235

System

Tpes of 0ot Water Distribution(stems 1'ithin buildings!

#ump ircuit %ystem


60/235


Aot ater onsumption

#$& O,*U#"$(

(%""O$S )!R)!RSO$S )!R .OUR

'ffice &uildings

%chool &uildings

"partment &uildings

Aotels


61/235

System

2 Tpes of Water 0eating (stems!

Aot ater %pace Aeating %ystem

Aot ater %upply %ystem

ater is confined within a system at low temperature

(ot a closed system which operate on much higher

temperature

Protection of 0ot Water Tan5!

%ystem 7elief Galve

4emperature ? #ressure 7elief

$sed for Aot ater %pace

Aeating %ystem

$sed for Aot ater %upply %ystem


62/235

&IRE PROTECTIO,(+(TE#

Water & Water Supply for


63/235

"ire "ighting

(uppling Water for

&ire Protection (stems!4he 6levated ater 4an

4he $nderground ater 7eservoir

Tpes of&ire Protection (stems!

:ry %tandpipe %ystem

et %tandpipe %ystem

et %tandpipe %ystem with %iamese onnection

"utomatic / %prinler %ystem



64/235

"ire "ighting

(o longer being utilized in new

buildings, provided other systems

are employed >otherwise must

be installed in buildings C levelsor more@

:ry %tandpipe %ystem

Aow it worsF a standpipe is connected to the building

e3terior >ma3 ht.M +.D!@ for connection to fire

department

4he standpipe is a pipe installed in buildings not as part of

the water supply or waste disposal system but primarily

for use as water conveyor in case of fire

O$$!T TO,#R! .OS!

"s much as possible, standpipes should be located in

stairway landings



65/235

"ire "ighting

et %tandpipe %ystem

Aow it worsF a piping networ >line is directly connectedto the main water line@ connects to all levels of a building

>at least + standpipe on each level@

et standpipes shall be constructed of wrought iron or

galvanized steel

4he number of wet standpipes shall be determined so that

all portions of the building are within H.DD meters of a

nozzle attached to a hose B meters long

4he minimum diameter for a wet standpipe is 1+mm for

those less than +1 meters form the fire service

connection.


66/235

"ire "ighting

et %tandpipe %ystem with %iamese onnection

Aow it worsF a pipingnetwor directly connected

to the main water line,

connects to all levels of a

building; additionally, a

%iamese onnection islocated outside the building

for additional water supply



67/235

"ire "ighting

"utomatic / %prinler %ystem

4here are two general types of "utomatic %prinler

%ystemsF the "utomatic et and "utomatic :ry

Smoke etectors &


68/235

Sprinkler Hea!s

(pacing of (prin5ler 0eads!

%pacing of %prinler Aeads

#$& O, *U#"$(O'!R%(! O, O$!S)R#$"!R .!%&

*ight Aazard 'ccupancy

63tra hazard 'ccupancy

D square meters

+D square meters

%pecial Installation 7equirements

"t least one fire department connection on each frontage

" master alarm system valve control for all water suppliesother than fire department connections%pecial fire walls between protected areas

%loping water proof floors with drains or scupper to carry

away waste water

Smoke etectors &


69/235

Sprinkler Hea!s

4ypes of %prinler Aeads

?pright9 used above piping

when piping is e3posed

Pendent9 pro8ects througha finished ceiling when

piping is e3posed


70/235

P*)#BI,/ &I:T)RE(

Plumbing "i#tures


71/235

Plumbing "i#tures

Definition!

7eceptacles which are used to provide, receiveand discharge water, liquid and water9carried

wastes into a drainage system with which they

are connected to

Classifications!%oil %cullery &athingater losets

$rinals

%lop %ins

Kitchen %ins

*aundry 4ubs

*avatories

&athtubs

%hower &aths&idets


72/235

Soil "i#tures

Tpes!

"ccording to 4ype of


73/235

Soil "i#tures

"ccording to


74/235

Soil "i#tures

"ccording to !ounting


75/235

So tu es

"ccording to


76/235

9 Aas a larger trapwaymaing it less liely to clog

%iphon 5et

9 Nuieter flushing action

9 7etains a large amount of

standing water

9


77/235

:irect


78/235

%quat 4ype ashout

'ther 4ypes of ater losets

Soil "i#tures


79/235

Soil "i#tures


80/235

Soil "i#tures


81/235

OU)%$ +#$ / #$& $O O, US!RS:welling or "partment + family

6lementary %chools ++

for +9D persons


82/235

Tpes!all Aung

UR#$%"S

#edestal

4hrough

%tall

Soil "i#tures


83/235

(etting!$rinal center to side wallF minimum of D.BD m$rinal center to urinal centerF minimum of D.HD m

&lushing!


84/235

OU)%$ +#$ #$& $O O,US!RS%choolsF

6lementary%econdary

++

per -1 malesper B1 males

'ffice or #ublic &uilding +

BC+

per +9+DD males

per +D+9DD malesper D+9CDD malesper CD+9HDD males


85/235

y

#T.!$ S#$SMaterialsF

ast Iron 6namel


86/235

#aterials!ement or ement with 4iles

#orcelain

*%R S#$S

S"O) S#$S

here 8anitors clean ? leave their mops

"%U$&R TU*S

Scullery "i#tures


87/235

"%'%TOR#!S

Tpes!#edestal#ullman or ounter

all Aung

4hrough

$athing "i#tures


88/235

*%T.TU*S

with removable panel of sufficient dimension to access

pump

/.#R")OO"*%T.S

circulation pump shall be located above the crown weir of

the trappump and circulation piping shall be self draining

-%U#S&rand (ame of

lu3ury type bathtubs

$athing "i#tures


89/235

*#&!TS

(etting!&idet center to side wallF minimum of D.B-1 m

&idet center to bidet centerF minimum of D.-1 m

$sed for cleaning private parts

%ometimes referred to as

female urinals

$athing "i#tures


90/235

,"OOR &R%#$S

ith approved9type hinged strainer plate

having the sum of the areas of the small

holes of the waterway equal to the cross9

sectional area of the tailpiece

#rovided with integrally cast water stop outside flange

around the body at mid depth and with an inside caul

outlet to provide a watertight 8oint in the floor

S.O/!R R!!)TORS

7eceptor floor shall drain not less than L or more than CL

slope.4hresholds shall accommodate a minimum 11 mm wide door.


91/235

S.O/!R *%T.S

O+)%RT+!$TS

%hall have a minimum interior area of D.H sqm and shall

be capable of encompassing a -H mm diameter circle.

4his area shall be maintained from a point above the showerdrain to a height of +.- m with no protrusions other than the

fi3ture valve, shower head and safety grab rails.

:rains for gang shower rooms shall be spaced not more

than C. m apart.

!etal enclosure containing

shower head, valves and faucets


92/235

(-,IT-R+ DR-I,-/E(+(TE#

Sanitary Piping %ayout


93/235

4he pipes should tae the shortest possible route to

the house sewer or the terminating point of the

%anitary system

ontrol components such as clean9outs, traps, andvents, should be located strategically so as to ensure

efficient circulation

/eneral Rules in designing

the (anitar sstem!

aste ollection %ystem

(ubsstems of the

(anitar (stem!

Gentilation %ystem

ssential Parts of the

Sanitary rainage System


94/235

used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system

and for relieving the negative pressure e3erted on trap seals.

Gent #ipe

a fitting or device designed and constructed to provide, whenproperly vented, a liquid seal which prevents the bacflow of

foul air or methane gas without materially affecting the flow of

sewage or wastewater through it.

4rap

the vertical main of a system of soil, waste or vent pipings

e3tending through one or more stories and e3tended thru the

roof.

%tac


any part of the piping system other than a main, riser or stac.

&ranch

conveys only wastewater or liquid waste free of fecal matter.

aste #ipe

ssential Parts of the



95/235

Sa ta y a age Syste

Aouse/&uilding %ewer

Aouse/&uilding :rain

e3tends from the house drain at a point 0"60 meters from the

outside face of the foundation wall of a building to the 8unctionwith the street sewer or to any point of discharge, and

conveying the drainage of one building site.

part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system which

receives the discharges from the soil, waste and other

drainage pipes inside of a building and conveys it to the house

sewer outside of the building.

NPC !0"."

Principles of Waste & Soil'(C)T*+ Pipes )oughing,in


96/235

' + p g g

Aorizontal to Aorizontal change in direction

use C1J wye branches, combination wye O +/ bendbranches, or other approved fittings of equivalent

sweep

Gertical to Aorizontal change in direction

C1J wye branches or other approved fittings of equivalent

sweep

C0-,/E( I, DIRECTIO, O& (-,IT-R+ DR-I,-/E *I,

Principles of Waste & Soil'(C)T*+ Pipes )oughing,in


97/235

' + p g g

Aorizontal to vertical change in direction

use C1J or HDJ wye branches, combination wye 9+/

bend branches, sanitary tee or sanitary tapped tee

branches, or other approved fittings of equivalent

sweeps.(o fitting having more than one inlet at the same level

shall be used >i.e., sanitary cross@

:ouble sanitary tees may be used when the barrel of

the fitting is at least two pipe >@ sizes larger than the

largest inlet, >pipe sizes recognized for this purpose

are 1+, HC, -H, , +D, ++C, +-, ? +1 mm dia.@

Sanitary rainage %ines


98/235

),IT O& #E-()RE#E,T O& (I9E(

O& (-,IT-R+ DR-I,-/E *I,E(4he size of waste pipes or soil pipes depend on the

amount of waste it carries.

" lavatory discharges D.C- liters/sec or .B liters/min >-.1gallons per min or + cu ft per min@, which is equivalent to

the


99/235

#T!+ $O )#)! S#! ,#TUR! U$#T

!a3imum 4rap *oading

+ B mm +

B mm B

B 1+ mm C

C -H mm H

1 +D mm

#$ce%tion& 'n sel-se)vice laund)ies.

#T!+ $O "#T!RSS! ()+ ,#TUR! U$#T

:ischarge apacity

+ $p to D.C- */s >$p to -.1 gpm@ +

D.1D to D.1 > to +1 gpm@

B + to +. >+H to BD gpm@ C

C +.1 to B.+1 >B+ to 1D gpm@ H

Notes&1.Ca%acity ove) ".1* +,sshall e dete)ined y the

/dinist)ative /utho)ity.

!.Fo) a continuous low into a

d)ainae syste such as

)o su% %u% o) e2ecto)

ai)-conditionin e3ui%ent o)

siila) devices two (!i$tu)e units shall e allowed

o) eve)y 0.0" +,s o low.

". 1 % 5 0.0" +,s

Sanitary rainage %ines


100/235

!inimum slope or pitch of horizontal drainage pipe O L

or Dmm/m >P2 per foot@.

63ceptionF here it is impracticable due to depth of streetsewer, adverse structural features and irregular building

plans, pipes +D mm dia or larger may have a slope of not

less than +L or +Dmm/m >+/2 per foot@, approved by the

"dministrative "uthority

MINIMUM SLOPE OF

SANITARY DRAINAGE LINES

Traps & -nterceptors


101/235

Tpes of Permissible Traps!4he ommon #94rap

$sed for lavatories, itchen sins,

laundry tubs, ? urinals

!aterials commonly used for the

#9trapF nicel, chrome plated brass,=alvanized malleable copper, ? #G.

4he :eep %eal #94rap

ater seal is about twice the size of 4he common #9trap

$sed for e3treme conditions because

resealing quality is greater



102/235

4he 7unning 4rap

$sed within the line of

the house drain

4he %tand 4rap

$sed for fi3tures such as slop sins

that are usually built low in the

ground, leaving very little space for a

foundation ? a trap

%erves as a water seal ? structural

support for the fi3ture



103/235

Tpes of Permissible Traps!4he :rum 4rap

Aas a large diameter >around D.+H m@

$sed for fi3tures that discharge large amount of water

>bathtubs, shower or floor drains@



104/235

Tpes of Prohibited Traps!

4raps with movable parts or concealed interiorpartitions

4he %94rap

#redecessor of #9traps

(o fi3tures shall be double9trapped

$sed before traps

had to connect to aventilation line



105/235

4raps 76N$I76:6ach plumbing fi3ture, e3cept those with integral traps, shall

be separately trapped with an approved9type waterseal trap.

RE.)IRE#E,T(!

'nly one trap shall be permittedon a trap arm >portion of a fi3ture drainbetween a trap and the vent@

'ne trap, centrally located, may

serve three single compartmentsins or laundry tubs or lavatories,

ad8acent to each other and in the

same room, where their waste outlets

are not more than D.-1 m apart.



106/235

(I9E O& TR-P(!

4he trap shall be the same size as the trap arm to which it isconnected.

6ach fi3ture trap shall have a trap seal of water of not less

than 1+ mm and not more than +D mm >e3cept where a

deeper seal is found necessary by the "dministrative "uthority for special conditions.



107/235

!inimum sizes of traps for common plumbing fi3tures

#T!+$O

,#TUR! TR%) TR%)

%R+ S#!

&R%#$%(!,#TUR!U$#TS

+ &athtubs B mm

&idets B mm

B residential@ B mm

H $rinal, wall mounted, integral trap 1+ mm B

- ash &asin >single@ B mm +

ater loset >private installation@ -H mm C

ater loset >public installation@ -H mm H



108/235

I,(T-**-TIO, O& TR-P(!4he vertical distance between a fi3ture outlet tailpiece and

the trap weir shall not e3ceed D.HD m in length.

4he developed length of the trap arm >measured from the

top of closet ring to inner edge of vent @ of a water closet or

similar fi3ture shall not e3ceed +. m.

(oteF In no case shallthe trap distance be less

than times the diameter

of the trap arm.

TR%) %R+%+!T!R

ST%$! TO '!$T

Aorizontal :istance of 4rap "rms

B mm D.-H m

B mm +.D- m

1+ mm +.1 m

-H mm +.B m

+D mm ? larger B.D1 m


109/235

I,D)(TRI-* I,TERCEPTOR(1C*-RI&IER( % (EP-R-TOR(!Interceptors >a device desined and installed to se%a)ate and)etain delete)ious ha6a)dous o) undesi)ale atte)s )o no)al

wastes and %e)its no)al sewae o) li3uid wastes to discha)e

into the dis%osal te)inal y )avity @ shall have a water seal of

not less than +1 mm deep.

6ach interceptor shall be properly vented.

%laughterhouses, pacing establishments, and any

establishment which discharges wastewater with

considerable amount of grease, hairs, feathers , etc. shall

drain through a screening device and thence into a grease

interceptor.

"uto wash racs and/or floor or slabs used for cleaning

machinery or machine parts shall be adequately protected

against storm or surface water and shall drain into an

interceptor which will separate oil and grease before the

effluent reaches the public stream.

Clean,outs


110/235

lean9outs 76N$I76:

at the upper terminal of every horizontal sewer or waste line

at each run of piping more than +1 meters >1D feet@ in total

developed lengthat every +1 m >1D ft@ of total developed length or a fraction

thereof

additional clean9out shall be provided on a horizontal line

with an aggregate offset angle e3ceeding +B1J

inside the building near the connection between the buildingdrain and the building sewer or installed outside the building

at the lower end of the building drain and e3tended to grade.

RE.)IRE#E,T(!

Clean,outs


111/235

lean9outs ('4 76N$I76:

on a horizontal drain less than +.1 m in length unless such

line is serving sins or urinals.

on short horizontal drainage pipe installed at a slope of -

deg or less from the vertical line >or at an angle of +/1 bend@

Clean,outs


112/235

(I9E O& C*E-,;O)T(!%ize of clean9out shall be in conformity with the size of pipe

served

S#! O,

)#)!

S#! O,

"!%$OUT

T.R!%&S

)!R 254++

lean9'ut %ize

B mm B mm ++9+/

1+ mm B mm ++9+/

HC mm HC mm

-H mm HC mm

+D mm ? larger mm

Clean,outs


113/235

I,(T-**-TIO, O&

C*E-,;O)T(!6ach clean9out shall be installed so it opens with thedirection of flow or at right angles to the direction of flow

e3cept in the case of a wye branch.

6ach DJ clean9out e3tension shall be constructed from a

wye fitting or an approved fitting of equivalent sweep.6ach clean9out 1+ mm or less shall have a front clearance

of not less than BD1 mm; those 1+ mm or more shall have a

front clearance of C1D mm.

lean9outs in underfloor piping shall be e3tended to or

above finish floor or shall be e3tended outside the building when there is less than C1D mm vertical clearance or -1D

horizontal clearance to the means of access.

(o underfloor clean9out for residential occupancies shall be

located more than H.+ m from an access door, trap door or

crawl hole.

Vents & Venting System


114/235

#ortion of the drainage pipe installation intended to

maintain a balanced atmospheric pressure inside the

system


115/235

!ain %oil ? aste Gent

the ‘bacbone’ of the entire sanitary

system

onnected to the !ain %oil ? aste

%tac

4he portion where waste does not

travel through

ontinues to the roof; the portionpenetrating the roof is called the

Gent %tac 4hrough 7oof >G%47@

#ain Tpes! '!$TS



116/235

!ain Gent

the principal artery of the ventingsystem to which vent branches are

connected.

serves as support to the !ain %oil ?

aste Gent

a..a. ‘Collectin Vent +ine’



117/235

Individual Gent or &ac Gent

a pipe installed to vent a fi3ture trap, that

connects with the vent system above thefi3ture served or terminates in the open air.


Other Tpes!


118/235

Other Tpes!

$nit, ommon, or :ual Gent

an arrangement of venting so

installed that one vent pipe

serve two >@ traps.



119/235

7elief Gent

a vertical vent line that provides

additional circulation of air between

the drainage and vent systems or to

act as an au3iliary vent on a speciallydesigned system such as a

0yoe vent2 connection between the

soil and vent stacs.


R & G t


120/235

Roe or &y9pass Gent

a pipe connecting upward from a soil

or waste stac below the floor and

below horizontal connection to anad8acent vent stac at a point above

the floor and higher than the highest

spill level of fi3tures for preventing

pressure changes in the stacs.



121/235

ircuit Gent

a group vent pipe which starts in front of the

e3treme >highest@ fi3ture connection on a

horizontal branch and connects to the vent stac.a..a. ‘+oo% Vent’

%erves a battery of fi3tures


*ooped Gent


122/235

*ooped Gent

a vertical vent connection on a

horizontal soil or waste pipe

branch at a point downstream

of the last fi3ture connectionand turning to a horizontal line

above the highest overflow

level of the highest fi3ture

connected there

$sed in spaces without partitions



123/235

et Gent

that portion of a vent pipe through which wastewater alsoflows through.



124/235

*ocal Gent

a pipe or shaft to convey foul air

from a plumbing fi3ture or a room

to the outer air.

:ry Gent

a vent that does not carry liquid or

water9borne wastes.


%t G t


125/235

Gent %tac

the vertical vent pipe installed

primarily for providing circulation of

air to and from any part of the soil, waste

of the drainage system. 4he uppermostend above the roof has traditionally been

referred to as Gent %tac 4hrough 7oof >G%47@.

%tac Gent

the e3tension of a soil or waste stac

above the highest horizontal drain

connected to the stac.


. (


126/235

Gents 76N$I76:

6ach trap shall be protected against siphonage and bac9

pressure through venting.

Gents ('4 76N$I76:on a primary settling tan interceptor which discharges

through a horizontal indirect waste pipe into a secondary

interceptor. 4he secondary interceptor shall be properly

trapped and vented.

4raps serving sins in an island bar counter. %uch sin shall

discharge by means of an approved indirect waste pipe into

a floor sin or other approved type receptor.

RE.)IRE#E,T(!



127/235

(I9E O& VE,T(!

4he sizes of vent piping shall be determined from its lengthand the total number of fi3ture units connected thereto.

4he diameter of an individual vent shall not be less than B

mm >+9+/C2@ nor less in size than one9half >+/@ the diameter

of the drain to which it is connected.

-nstallation of Vents


128/235

(R%&!S O$$!T#O$S

"ll horizontal or branch vents shall be free from drops orsags ? shall be graded and connected to drip bac by

gravity to the drainage pipe it serves.

6ach vent shall rise vertically +1 mm above the highest

level rim of the fi3tures served before offsetting horizontally.

"ll vent pipes shall e3tend undiminished in size above the

roof or shall be reconnected to the soil or waste stac vent

at a point below the roof . 4he 0vent stac through roof2

>G%47@ shall be increased one >+@ pipe size above the

connection between the stac vent and the horizontal vent.

4wo >@ fi3tures having same level inlet openings, may be

served by a common vertical vent pipe connected to an

approved double branch fitting.



129/235

'!$T T!R+#$%T#O$

G%47 shall terminate vertically not less than +1D mm abovethe roof nor less than BDD mm from any vertical surface

nearby.

6ach vent opening shall terminateF

(ot less than B.DD m from any openable window;

(ot less than D.D m above any openable window;(ot less than D.D m away from any lot line, alley and street

boundary lines.

Gertical vent pipes shall e3tend B.DD m distant from any part

of the roof that is used for human activities and shall e3tend

not less than .+D m above such roof.



130/235

'!$T ST% R!"#!, '!$TS

6ach soil or waste stac e3tending ten >+D@ or more storeys

above the building drain shall be served by a parallel vent

stac which shall e3tend undiminished in size from its upper

terminal at the roof and connect to the soil or waste stac at

ground level and at every fifth floor levels with a 0yoe vent2

at a point below the horizontal soil or waste branchconnection to the stac and at the nearby vent stac above

the same floor to provide a relief vent.

4he yoe vent connection at the vent stac shall be placed

+.D m above the floor level and, by means of a wye branch

at the soil stac, shall be placed below the fi3ture branch

serving that floor.

4he size of yoe vent shall be not less in diameter than

either the soil stac or the vent stac, whichever is smaller.



131/235

SANITARY SYSTEM PROBLEMS:Trap 3eal oss

- :irect effect of the !inus ? #lus #ressure inside the system

due to inadequate ventilation of traps

- "ttributed to the following conditionsF

%iphonage9 direct and momentum



132/235

5etardation of flow

%eterioration of the Materials

- :ue to the effect of atmospheric pressure and/or gravity

&ac #ressure apillary "ttraction

6vaporation9 caused by e3treme temperatures, idleness

ind 6ffects9 strong winds blow the trap seal

- :ue to the formation of acids

-N-)CT W*ST P-P-N./ WT,VNT S0ST1S & SPC-*% W*ST


133/235

Indirect aste #ipe O is a pipe that does not connect directly with the

drainage system but conveys liquid wastes by

discharging into a plumbing fi3ture, interceptor or

receptacle directly connected to the drainage system.

House rain *ppliances


134/235

/RE-(E TR-P(!


135/235

6arth ooled =rease 4rap

=76"%6 47"#%F

!ain 4ypes

$sed for fi3tures where grease may be introduced into the

drainage or sewer system in quantities that can effect line

stoppage or hinder sewage treatment or private sewage

disposal.

!echanical =rease 4rap



136/235

'perating #rinciples >separation of grease from water@F

grease suspended in waste floats to the surface

6arth cooled =rease 4rap !echanical =rease 4rap



137/235

TOT%" O,,#TUR!S

O$$!T!&

R!:U#R!&R%T! O,

,"O/

(R!%S!R!T!$T#O$

%)%#T

=rease 4rap apacity

+ -H */ min. + Kg

1 */ min. B Kg

B +B */ min. B Kg

C + */ min. C1 Kg



138/235

A'$%6 47"#%F

#laced in the house drain immediately inside the foundation wallof the building

:7"I( 4I*6%F

$sed to prevent groundwater from seeping through the

basement walls ? foundation

Aollow tiles are placed around the perimeter of the foundation

where water is collected; drain tiles are connected to the house

drain or sump pit


= 4


139/235

=arage 4rapsF

a..a. garage catch basin'perating #rinciplesF trap is filled with water ? located at the

lowest point of the garage so it can collect all wastes.


&


140/235

&ac


141/235

%ewage 68ectorsF

#umps the wastes up form the sump pit to the sewers >whichare usually higher than basement levels@


142/235

Private Se2ageisposal Systems


143/235

Bacteria in septic tan5to encourage decomposition!

+erobic bacteria- relies on o3ygen to survive

+naerobic bacteria- can survive in places withouto3ygen



144/235

Minimum

dimensions- *M +1DDmm

MDDmm

:M+DDmm


(I,/*E C0-#BER (EPTIC T-,7!


145/235

(I,/*E C0-#BER (EPTIC T-,7!


DE(I/, CRITERI-


146/235

should show all dimensions, reinforcing, structural

calculations, and such other pertinent data as needed.

DE(I/, CRITERI-!

#*"(%F

shall be such as to produce a clarified effluent of acceptable

standards and shall provide adequate space for sludge and

scum accumulations.

N$"*I4R '< :6%I=(F

constructed of durable materials, not sub8ect to e3cessive

corrosion or decay, shall be watertight.

!"467I"*%F

!aterialF cement >most common@ or pre9fabricated cast iron


'!#"74!6(4%F


147/235

have a minimum of compartmentsF

@ manholes, 1D mm in min dimension;

one over inlet, other over outlet. herever first compartment

e3ceeds B.- m in length, an additional manhole required

over the baffle wall

!"(A'*6%F

maintain a slope of +F+D at the bottom of the digestion

chamber to collect the sludge and mae it easily accessible

from the manhole



148/235

Inlet and 'utlet pipes O diameter size not less than the

sewer pipe

%IS6% '< #I#6 I(*64 ? '$4*64 ? 4A6I7

G674I"* *6=%F

Gertical legs of inlet and outlet pipes O diameter size not

less than the sewer pipe nor less than +DC.H mm.

%hall e3tend +D+.H mm above and at least BDC. mm below

the water surface

*6(=4A "(: *'"4I'( '< I(*64 ? '$4*64F

Invert of the inlet pipe shall be at a level not less than 1D.mm above the invert of the outlet pipe.

equal to the cross sectional area of the house sewer.

G6(4 :I"!6467F


"I7 %#"6F


149/235

%ide walls shall e3tend .H mm above liquid depth.

"I7 %#"6F

over of septic tan shall be at least 1D. mm above thebac vent openings.

#"74I4I'( >between compartments@F

"n inverted fitting equivalent in size to the tan inlet, but inno case less than +DC.H mm in diameter, shall be installed in

the inlet compartment side of the baffle with the bottom of

the fitting placed midway in the depth of the liquid. ooden

baffles are prohibited.

%hall be capable of supporting an earth load of not

less than +C.C #a

%47$4$76F



150/235

4he capacity of septic tans is determined by the number of

bedrooms or apartment units in dwelling occupancies; by

the estimated waste/sewage design flow rate for various

building occupancies; or by the number of fi3ture units of all

plumbing fi3tures; whichever is greater.

"#"I4RF

4he capacity of any one septic tan and its drainage system

shall also be limited by the soil structure classification in its

drainage field.

%hould not be located underneath the house

*'"4I'(F

"t least 1) meters from the water distribution system

SW)S

" degrees or grades of


151/235

g g'aste 'ater!

=rey ater >or "rea ater@

&lac ater

%torm ater

aste water with the e3ception of human wastes

ater plus solid and liquid human wastes

7ainwater only


152/235

C (( C O O ( (ombination #ublic %ewers

%torm %ewers

'ldest variety

arries both storm ? sanitary wastes

%anitary %ewers

arries regular sanitary wastes only

4erminates in a modern sewage disposal plant fortreatment&uilt at a depth of B meters >tributaries@

SW)S


153/235

4ermination points of individual units or structures

2 T+PE( O& (-,IT-R+ (EWER(!Tributar. 3ewers

$sually round shaped, with diameters betweenD.HD to +. meters

!ade of vitrified clay or cement pipes; often

installed by the curb line, before the street

(ormally laid in the (orthern or 6astern side of

streets with east9west or north9south orientations

'ntercepting 3ewers

SW)S


154/235

a..a. ‘collectin sewe)s’

p g

4ermination points of tributary sewers#laced much lower in the ground, from C to BD

meters in depthGaries in shape but have a diameter or effective

opening ranging from D.HD to B meters

%loped at an angle of 1F)0 or 2G*ifting stations are placed at certain intervals and

pumps or sewage e8ectors are used to lift the

waste; sewers terminate at the disposal plant

RE.)IRE#E,T(!

SW)S


155/235

%ewers 76N$I76:

:rainage pipes of all buildings shall be connected to the

public sewer. hen not available, they shall be connected

to an approved private sewage disposal system.

RE.)IRE#E,T(!

#ublic sewer may be considered as not being available if it

is more than H+ meters from any proposed building or

e3terior drainage facility.

63ceptionF %ingle family dwellings with an e3isting private

sewage disposal system may not be connected to a newpublic sewer when no hazard, nuisance or unsanitary

condition is evident and when there is no sufficient grade or

fall e3isting to permit proper drainage flow by gravity to the

public sewer.

D-#-/E TO P)B*IC (EWER OR PRIV-TE

SW)S


156/235

It is unlawful to discharge any ashes, cinders, solids, rags,

flammable, poisonous, e3plosive liquids or gases, oils,

grease, and other things whatsoever which would cause

damage to the public sewer or private disposal system.

(EW-/E DI(PO(-* (+(TE#

(o rain, surface or subsurface waters shall discharge into

any e3creta drainage system.

(o cesspool and septic tan effluents, seepage pit or under

drain system shall be connected to the e3creta building

sewer leading to a public sewer main.

(o commercial food waste grinder shall be connected to a

private or public sewage disposal system.

(I9E O& (EWER!

SW)S


157/235

4he minimum size of any building sewer shall be

determined on the basis of the total number of fi3ture units

drained by such sewer. (o building sewer shall be smaller

than +1D mm diameter nor less in size than the building

drain.

I,(T-**-TIO, O& (EWER!

SW)S


158/235

I,(T-**-TIO, O& (EWER!

&uilding sewers shall be run in practical alignment at a

uniform slope of not less than L or + mm/m toward the

point of disposal.

63ceptionF hen impractical due to depth of street sewer,structural features or to adverse arrangement of building, to

obtain a slope of L, sewers +D mm and +1 mm in dia

may have a slope of not less than +L >+D.1 mm/m@ and

those DB mm dia and larger may have a slope of not less

than D.1L >1.B mm/m@

SW)S


159/235

*ocation of building sewer in relation to other services is

shown below.

D.HD m from any building or structure

+1. m from water supply wells+1. m from streams

D.BD m from domestic supply pipes

D.BD m from public water main

(o building sewer shall be

installed less than D.H !from the outer face of any

building foundation, nor

less than D.B ! below the

finish surface of the ground.

& ildi d i i f l t i l hi h

SW)S


160/235

the water pipe is placed

on a solid shelf e3cavated

at one side of the common

trench with a minimumhorizontal distance of at

least D.B m from the sewer

or drain pipe

(NPC 1!08.1.!.

the bottom of the water pipe is D.B!

above the top of the sewer pipe

(NPC 1!08.1.1,

&uilding sewer or drainage pipe of clay or materials which

are not approved for use within a building shall not be laid in

the same trench as water pipes unlessF

SW)S


161/235

ater pipes crossing sewer or drainage pipe of clay or

materials which are not approved for use within a building

shall be laid a minimum of D.B m clear above the sewer or

drain pipe. ater pipe 8oint shall be installed not less than B

meters away from sewer line in both directions.


DISPOSAL FIELDS


162/235

DISPOSAL FIELDS

#rivate sewage disposal system common in rural areas for

structures with large ad8acent open fields


"76"F


163/235

(o e3cavation for leach bed shall e3tend within +.1 m of the

water table.

:I%4"(6


164/235

based on the quantity of liquid waste and on the character

and porosity of the surrounding soil.

SEEPAGE PITS

"#"I4RF

ircular in shape with e3cavated diameter of not less than

. m and to be lined with clay or concrete bric.

%IS6 '< %66#"=6 #I4F

a loosely lined e3cavation in the ground, which receives the

discharge of a septic tan; designed to permit effluent to

seep through pit bottom and sides


%476(=4A


165/235

&ric lining shall have a minimum

compressive strength of +-1 #a.

%476(=4AF

served through a distribution

bo3 or shall be connected in

series by means of a watertight

connection. 4he outlet shallhave a vented leg fitting e3tending

BDC. mm below the inlet fitting.

!$*4I#*6 %66#"=6 #I4%F



166/235

CESSPOOLS

a non9watertight lined

e3cavation in the groundwhich receives the discharge

of a sanitary drainage system,

designed to retain the organic

matter but permitting the liquid

to seep through the pit bottom

and sides



167/235

4emporary e3pedient pending the construction of a public

sewer, so long as it is established that a public sewer will be

available in less than years and the soil and ground water

conditions are favorable;

46!#'7"7R #67!I4%F

"s an overflow facility when installed in con8unction with an

e3isting cesspool;

"s a means of sewage disposal for limited, minor, or

temporary uses.



168/235

PRIVIES

'utside #rivy9 oldest form of disposal of

organic waste. onsists of a vault

constructed of concrete for the collectionof raw sewage and a wooden shelter


COMMERCIAL / INDUSTRIAL


169/235

hen liquid wastes containing e3cessive amounts ofgrease, garbage, flammable wastes, sand, or other

ingredients which may affect the operation of a private

sewage disposal system, an interceptor for such waste shall

be installed.

SPECIAL LIQUID WASTE

DISPOSAL

76N$I76!6(4%F

aste from interceptors may be discharged to a septic tan

or other primary system or into a separate disposal system.

:I%#'%"*F


/E,ER-* /)IDE*I,E( &OR PRIV-TE (EW-/E


170/235

DI(PO(-* (+(TE#(

*ocation of %ewage :isposal %ystem

+#$ .OR#O$T%"ST%$! #$ "!%R

R!:U#R!& ,RO+

*"&(S!/!R

S)OS%",#!"&

S!!)%(!)#T OR

!SS)OO"

S!)T# T%$

+ &uildings orstructuresT

D.H m +.1 m .C m .C m

#roperty line "d8oining private#roperty

learTT +.1 m +.1 m .C m

B ater supply wells

+1. m +1. m BD.1 m C1.- m

C %treams +1. m +1. m +1. m BD.1 m

1 4rees 9 B m 9 B m


/E,ER-* /)IDE*I,E( &OR PRIV-TE (EW-/E


171/235

DI(PO(-* (+(TE#(*ocation of %ewage :isposal %ystem

+#$ .OR#O$T%"ST%$! #$ "!%R

R!:U#R!& ,RO+

*"&(S!/!R

S)OS%",#!"&

S!!)%(!)#T OR

!SS)OO"

S!)T# T%$

H %eepage pits or esspools

9 +.1 m +.1 m B.- m

- :isposal field +.1 m +. m +.1 m

'n site domesticater service line

D.B m +.1 m +.1 m +.1 m

#ressure publicater main

B m B m B m B m

Se2age Treatment Plan 'STP+

"n aeration system within the tan;

(ome features of (TP!


172/235

"n aeration system within the tan;

" submersible mi3er to mi3 the waste;

" sludge waste pump that aids in clarifying; " decanter;

&lowers;

" fully electronic control system, etc.

Water )ecycling

2 #ost Common Tpes of #unicipal


173/235

Involves a series of stations where the raw sewage must

pass through

4he "ctivated %ludge #rocess

(e'age Treatment


174/235

+. =rit hamber . oarse screen house

B.


175/235

a..a ‘Pe)colatin o) 7%)inlin Filte) 7yste’ 7equires less mechanical elements and less stages

#roduces water with 1L purity

7equires a large ground area for its building


176/235

(TOR# DR-I,-/E(+(TE#

)ain2ater Pipes

DOW,(PO)T( OR CO,D)CTORPIPE( /)TTER(


177/235

7ainwater piping shall not be used as soil, waste and vent pipes.:ownspout and gutter sizes are based upon the ma3imum depth

of rainfall per hour falling upon a given roof area in square meters.

"n ave. +D mm/hr rainfall intensity is used around !etro !anila.

PIPE(< /)TTER(

7ound, square >sized to enclose its equivalentround pipe@ or rectangular >shall have at least thesame cross9sectional area as its equivalent round pipe,

e3cept that the ratio of its side dimensions shall not

e3ceed B to +@ rainwater pipes may be used

for downspouts.

:ownspouts for high9rise buildings shall be of stronger pipe

materials to resist the high hydrostatic pressure, they shall be

installed within a pipe chase, and have no intermediate branch

from the roof to the ground level.

)ain2ater Pipes

ROO& DR-I,(


178/235

7oof drains shall be equipped with dome9type strainers e3tending

+D mm above the surface of the roof surface. ith a minimum

total net inlet area of + O Q times the area of the outlet pipe to

which it is connected.

7oof dec strainers shall be approved flat9surface type, with a

total net inlet area not less than times the area of the outlet pipeto which the drain is connected.

7oof drains passing through building interiors shall be made

watertight by the use of .I. drain with integrally9cast waterstop

ring around the outside of the body and placed at mid9depth of theconcrete roof slab and the installation of a clamped suitable

flashing material around the drain.

Storm Water System

" #a$or (stems ofCollecting (torm Water!


179/235

4he Independent %ystem

a..a. ‘the 7e%a)ate 7yste’

Collecting (torm Water!

&rings collected water directlyto the water reservoirs

Storm Water System

4he ombined %ystem


180/235

ombines storm water

with sanitary wastes

Storm Water System

4he (atural %ystem


181/235

ithout using any roof gutters or downspouts "lso when rainwater is collected in cisterns

3torm %rain ocations

Storm Water System

Roofing Elements toCollect Rain'ater!


182/235

4he =utter

Collect Rain'ater!

4he :ownspout

$sually located along the

entire perimeter of the roof

*ocated every to +D meters

? at every corner of the roof

>but, to avoid clogging of pipes,it is best to locate them every

C to H m@

Storm Water System

4h %t i 7 f : i


183/235

4he %trainer or 7oof :rain

:rain designed to receive water collecting on

the surface of a roof and to discharge it into a

downspout. :esigned to prevent clogging.

4he %hoe

"t the bottom of the roof leader to direct rain9water towards the nearest catch basin

Storm Water System

4he atch &asin


184/235

4he %torm *ine

onnects to each catch basin

:ownspouts should terminate in a catch basin >can serve more

than one downspout@

:elivers water to the sewers in the street via gravity

+rea-%rain-$atch-7asinF also collects surface water

Storm Water System

%torm %ewers


185/235

arries only rainwater collected from the storm

drain or from the streets

4erminates at natural drainage

areas >i.e. laes, rivers, andwater reservoirs@

7equire manholes to serve asclean9outs and to mae sewers

accessible for inspection and

repair built at depths of about to

B meters; diameter ranging from

D.H to +. meters

%torm %ewers


186/235

PIPE( and &ITTI,/(

ast Iron %oil #ipe

Pipes & "ittings


187/235

2 Tpes!

!ost popular and generally specified material for drainageinstallation. 63tensively used in the HDs and -Ds.

:urable, conveniently installed >U1 storey@

3< t.pe - generally used; for building installations

B< t.pe - e3tra duty; for underground installations

ommercial lengthF HDD cm

:iametersF 1D9+1Dmm 0)B(PI/OT

"ffected to some e3tent by corrosion by acid formed by arbon

:io3ide, %ulphur '3ide, and !ethane =ases that create rust

6 Varieties!

Pipes & "ittings


188/235

3tandard Pipe 3ingle #ub Pipe

%ouble #ub Pipe #ubless Pipe

"cid 7esistant ast Iron #ipe!ade of an alloy of cast iron and silicon

Pipes & "ittings


189/235

!ade of an alloy of cast iron and silicon

Installed in chemical laboratories, industries and other installations

where acid wastes are being discharged

&rittle and cracs easily, thus

horizontal runs have to be

%upported at every +.1D meterinterval to prevent sagging

"sbestos #ipe!ade of an asbestos fibers and portland cement

$sed as soil, waste, ventilation pipe ? downspouts

%uited for concrete embedment because of similar properties

&ituminous


190/235

heapest of all types of pipes

*ight in weight, slightly fle3ible and can tae slight soil movement

without danger of cracing or pulling out of its 8oints. It is thus

suited for house sewer and septic tan installations

may be softened/damaged by e3cessive hot water or

chemical flow

Gitrified lay #ipe

'ne of the oldest materials used for sewer lines

Aighly resistant to most acids

&ecause it is made of clay, it is brittle and cracs easily

when laid on unstable ground

!ade in short lengths of -1Dmm

*ead #ipe

Pipes & "ittings

4he oldest pipe used for plumbing systems


191/235

Aighly resistant to acid#oisonous and in8urious, is therefore not recommended to

convey water for human consumption

=alvanized rought Iron #ipe&etter then steel pipe for plumbing installation

!ore resistant to acid waste

4he oldest pipe used for plumbing systems

=alvanized %teel #ipe

!ade out of mild steel and e3pected to last +1 to 1 years

%ub8ect to deposits of salt and lime which can cause B/2@, +B >+/2@, D >B/C2@

1 >+’@, B >+P2@, B >+Q2@, 1D >2@, -1 >B2@, and +DD >C2@

opper #ipe:urable and e3tremely corrosive resistant

Pipes & "ittings


192/235

:urable and e3tremely corrosive resistant

6asy to install

H t.pe- heaviest; recommended for underground installations

t.pe- lighter; available in both rigid and fle3ible form;recommended for residential water supply line and radiantheating installations

Classification!

M t.pe- thinnest; available only in rigid form; for smallwater supply lines and radiant heating installations

%mooth interior surface

&rass #ipe!ost e3pensive

!ade of an alloy or zinc 1)G and copper 4)G

7esistant to acids and has a smooth interior surface

#lastic or %ynthetic #ipe

:eveloped in =ermany in +B1

Pipes & "ittings


193/235

:eveloped in =ermany in +B1

2 Tpes!

5igid t.pe pipes

!lexible t.pe tubing

#olyvinyl hloride >#G@

hlorinated #olyvinyl hloride >#G@

$nplasticized #olyvinyl hloride >$#G@

"crylonitrile &utadiene %tyrene >"&%@

#olypropylene >##@

%tyrene 7ubber #lastic >%7@

4he #olyethylene >#6@9 coil form; BD m long

4he #olybutylene >#&@9 coil form; BD m O +1D m long

!ost are produced from synthetic resins

%uperior type of pipe because it weighs less, is easy to cut, is

fle3ible, has a smooth interior surface, and is cheaper than steel

Considerations inchoosing materials!

Pipes & "ittings


194/235

choosing materials!

Iualit. and durabilit."

5esistance to external and internal

contact with foreign matters"

5esistance to acid waste and

other chemical elements that

will pass into it"

$ost of materials and labor"

Pipes & "ittings

Tpes of &ittings!


195/235

OU)"#$(SO!T

!T!$S#O$)#!!$#))"!

R!&U!R

+%"!%&%)TOR

,!+%"!

%&%)TOR

45;STR!!T

!"*O/

R!&U#$(!"*O/

90;STR!!T!"*O/

Pipes & "ittings


196/235

T!!

R!&U#$( T!!

%)

ROSS

)"U(

U$#O$

&OU*"!.U*

Pipes & "ittings

Other 'ater (er3ice&ittings % De3ices!


197/235

&ittings % De3ices!

OR)OR%T#O$STO)

UR*STO)

+!T!RSTO)

UR*STO)*O

/%T!R

+!T!R

Sanitar< ,ittings

Pipes & "ittings


198/235

Pipes & "ittings


199/235

Working ra2ings

Piping (mbols for Plumbing!


200/235

:7"I( '7 "%46 "&'G6 =7'$(:

:7"I( '7 "%46 &6*' =7'$(:

G6(4

3% %4'7! :7"I(

'*: "467

3> %'


201/235

="%A A

'!#76%%6: "I7+

G"$$!<

%667 O "%4 I7'(3 - $'

%667 O *"R 4I*63 - $T

%667 O #*"%4I3 - P

Working ra2ings

Plumbing -bbre3iations!


202/235

%**R#T!+

ast Iron

enterline

leanout

I

*

'

old ater

opper

:ishwasher

'#.

:


203/235

Working ra2ings


204/235

Working ra2ings


205/235

Working ra2ings


206/235

3oints & Connections

/eneral #ethods!

$aul;ing lead and oa;um


207/235

$aul;ing lead and oa;um

Threading

>elding J 3oldering

5ubber 5ing method rubber gas;ets

#ubless connections steel plates and

clamps and neoprene rubber

+dhesi&es

!langed connections

screws and bolts

-nspection & Test

Water Testing!


208/235

-ir Pressure Testing!

4esting of water supply piping is conducted byclosing all

Date post:	07-Jul-2018
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