PNB Summer internship report

7/23/2019 PNB Summer internship report

1/90

R\HK@JT \@RH\THM

GOMAMJOMI TF@ ZE@z ZJHR@ ' AMAC_ZOZ

ZPLEOTT@D L_

AMOC ZAZO AMA_ATF

\HCC MH 1220

R\HK@JT IPOD@

R\HG MA_AN

EPELAO OMZTOTPT@ HG EAMAI@E@MT ' \@Z@A\JFYADACA &@AZT/# EPELAO % 4222:9


2/90

D@JCA\ATOHM

O f`|`ly d`jca|` tfat tfoz r|hk`jt oz zpleott`d om ra|toac gpcgocce`mt hg

|`qpo|è`mt gh| tf` aa|d hg EEZ Gomamj` th Epelao Omztotpt hg

Eamaiè`mt ' \`zà|jf om ey h|oiom hg h|n amd faz mht l``m zpleott`d

gh| amy aa|d hg amy htf`| dì|`` hg dorchea g`cchzfor h| gh| zoeoca| totc`

h| r|o{`z-

O gp|tf`| j`|togy tfat O faw` mh hlk`jtohm amd i|amt tf` |oiftz th Epelao

Omztotpt` hg Eamaiè`mt ' \`zà|jf h| Epelao Pmow`|zoty th rplcozf amy

jfart`|( R|hk`jt og tf`y d`è got om khp|macz h| eaia{om`z h| m`zrar`|z

otfhpt amy r|oh| r`|eozzohm-

Gomamjomi tf` ZE@z om RML Zjhr` amd Amacyzoz


3/90

AJNMHYC@DI@E@MT

O zomj`|`cy g``c tf` j|`dot hg tf` r|hk`jt h|n jhpcd mht l` ma||h`d th hmcy

hm` omdowodpac- Tfoz h|n oz am omtì|at`d `ggh|t hg acc tfhz` jhmj`|m`d otf

ot# ot hpcd faw` l``m qpot` doggojpct otfhpt tf o| do|`jt ' omdo|`jt jh%

hr`|atohm- O ozf th `vr|`zz ey arr|`joatohm amd i|atotpd` th acc tf`

jhmj`|m`d r`hrc`-

Go|zt amd Gh|èhzt ey omt cc`jtpac d`lt oz th E|-\pzfon`zf

Dfoea| &Eamai`| hg Jo|jc` Hggoj` Cham D`ra|te`mt Z`jtohm# Rpmkal

Matohmac Lamn# Epelao/ fh faz jhmt|olpt d zoimogojamtcy tha|dz tf`jherc`tohm hg tf` r|hk`jt- F` faz r|hwod`d tf` ipod`com`z hm fojf tfoz

r|hk`jt az ead`-

O ae tfamngpc th tf` `mto|` ztagg hg RML fh faw` tan`m tfò|

r|`johpz toe` amd r|hwod`d e` otf |`qpozot` data otfhpt fojf tfoz

r|hk jt hpcd mht faw` jherc t`d- O aczh tfamn tfè gh| iowomi tfò|

wacpalc` zpii`ztohmz dp|omi tf` mto|` r`|ohd hg |`zà|jf-

Fh`w`|# O ajj`rt tf` zhc` |`zrhmzolocoty gh| amy `||h|z hg

heozzohm amd jheeozzohm-

Amoc Z- Amayatf

Gomamjomi tf` ZE@z om RML Zjhr` amd Amacyzoz :


5/90

0-: Zeacc amd E`dope @mt`|r|oz`z Z`jth|


6/90

@V@JPTOW@ ZPEEA\_

Lamn `vt`mdz Cham gajocoto`z ly ay hg gpmd%laz`d gajocoto`z amd mhm%gpmd laz`d

gajocoto`z- Tf` gpmd%laz`d gajocoto`z a|` pzpaccy acch`d ly ay hg t`|e chamz# jazf

j|`dot# loccz dozjhpmt`d(rp|jfaz`d# dèamd chamz# hw`|d|agtz# `tj- Gp|tf`|# tf`

lamn aczh r|hwod`z mhm gpmd%laz`d gajocoto`z ly ay hg ozzpamj` hg omcamd amd

gh|òim c`tt`|z hg j|`dot# ozzpamj` hg ipa|amt``z# d`g`||`d raye`mt ipa|amt``z#

loccz ajj`rtamj` gajocoty `tj-

@ggojo mt eamaiè`mt hg Chamz amd Adwamj`z rh|tghcoh faz azzpe`d

i|àt`| zoimogojamj` az ot oz tf` ca|i`zt azz`t hg tf` Lamn fawomi do|`jt oerajt hm

otz r|hgotalocoty- Om tf` an` hg tf` jhmtomp`d toift momi hg mh|ez hg omjhe`|`jhimotohm# azz t jcazzogojatohm amd r|hwozohmomi# omj|àz`d jher`totohm amd

è`|i`mj` hg m` tyr`z hg |oznz om tf` gomamjoac z`jth|# ot faz l`jhe` oer`|atow`

tfat tf` j|`dot gpmjtohmz a|` zt|`mitf`m`d- \LO faz aczh l``m èrfazo{omi lamnz

th `whcw` zpotalc` ipod`com`z gh| `gg`jtow` eamaiè`mt amd jhmt|hc hg j|`dot |oznz-

J|`dot |ozn |atomi oz am oerh|tamt gpmjtohm hg tf` lamn- Ot oz tf` r|hj`zz hg

`wacpatomi tf` j|`dot h|tfom`zz hg a cham arrcojamt- @w`|y lamn h| c`mdomi

omztotptohm faz otz hm ram`c hg hggojoacz gh| tfoz rp|rhz`-

O faw` pmd |tan`m a ztpdy at Rpmkal Matohmac Lamn fojf oz am

omt`|matohmac lamn otf otz ichlac r|`z`mj` om t`mty gow` jhpmt|o`z- Tf` ztpdy oz

hm Chamz amd Adwamj`z hg Zeacc amd E`dope @mt`|r|oz`z % Zjhr` amd

Amacyzoz- Tf` r|hj`zz hg J|`dot \atomi ' dozlp|zè`mt hg chamz faz l``m

`vrcaom`d om d`taoc om tf` r|hk`jt-

Gomamjomi tf` ZE@z om RML Zjhr` amd Amacyzoz 7


7/90

OMT\HDPJTOHM

A cham oz a tyr` hg d`lt- Con` acc d`lt omzt|pe`mtz# a cham `mtaocz tf` |`dozt|olptohm

hg gomamjoac azz`tz hw`| toe`# l`t``m tf` c`md`| amd tf` lh||h`|- Tf` lh||h`|omotoaccy |`jòw`z am aehpmt hg ehm`y g|he tf` c`md`|# fojf tf`y a|` hlcoiat`d th

ray lajn# lpt mht acayz om |ìpca| omztacce`mtz# th tf` c`md`|- Tf` cham oz

i`m`|accy r|hwod`d at a jhzt# |`g`||`d th az omt`|`zt hm tf` d`lt- A lh||h`| eay

l` zplk`jt th j`|taom |`zt|ojtohmz nmhm az cham jhw`mamtz pmd`| tf` t`|ez hg tf`

cham-

Ajtomi az a r|hwod`| hg chamz oz hm` hg tf` r|omjorac taznz gh| gomamjoac

omztotptohmz- Lamn chamz amd j|`dot a|` hm` ay th omj|àz` tf` ehm`y zprrcy-

Mh a dayz chamz a|` àzocy awaocalc` amd tf` |at` hg omt`|`ztz at fojf

tf`y a|` awaocalc` a|` w`|y |àzhmalc`- Ihw`|me`mt thh oz `mjhp|aiomi r`hrc` th

tan` chamz gh| j`|taom rp|rhz`z- Gh| `vaerc`# ihw`|me`mt oz `mjhp|aiomi r`hrc`

th tan` fhpzomi chamz ly iowomi tav jhmj`zzohmz-

\pmmomi a lpzom`zz oz m`w`| am àzy tazn- Hm` oz lhpmd th gaj` gomamjoac

fojjprz dp|omi tf` r|hj`zz- Yf`tf`| zhe`hm` oz a m` i`m`|atohm `mt|`r|`m`p|

w`mtp|omi omth a m` lpzom`zz h| am `ztalcozf`d lpzom`zzeam rcammomi gh| a

lpzom`zz `vramzohm# f`tf`| otz ehm`y |`qpo|`d gh| am oee`doat` hggojoac

`vramzohm h| ot jhpcd l` tf` toe` hg |`j`zzohm# f`m raye`mtz dhm)t jhe` hm

toe` lpt tf` `vr`mdotp|`z jam)t aot# tf` lpzom`zz chamz àz` hp| ay tf|hpif a

zja|y |had hg gomamjoac j|ozoz amd hr`m tf` h|cd hg m` lpzom`zz fòiftz gh| yhp-

Gomamjoac omztotptohmz con` lamnz hgg`| tf` lpzom`zz cham th laoc pz hpt-

O faw` pmd`|tan`m a ztpdy at Rpmkal Matohmac Lamn hm tf` throj

Gomamjomi tf` ZE@z % Zjhr` amd Amacyzoz fojf dàcz otf ztpdyomi tf`

ea|n`t t|`mdz amd cà|momi tf` oerh|tamj` hg gomamjomi tf` Ze` Z`jth|-

1-1 R|hk`jt D`zj|ortohm

Tfoz r|hk`jt dàcz otf |`woòmi tf` j|`dot h|tfom`zz hg tf` lh||h`| l`gh|`

zamjtohmomi hg a cham- Ot dàcz otf amacyzoz hg tf` data r|hwod`d ly tf` jheramy



8/90

amd ghcchomi acc tf` gh|eacoto`z az pmd`| tf` mh|ez hg tf` lamn amd gomaccy

eanomi a cham arr|aozac-

1-< \`c`wamj` hg tf` R|hk`jt

Tf` r|hk`jt dàcz otf go|zt i`ttomi tf` cham r|hrhzacz g|he tf` jco`mtz amd eanomi

tf` arr|aozac mht`- Ot iow`z a r|ajtojac omzoift hg tf` r|hj`dp|`z ghcch`d ly tf`

lamn om azj`|taomomi tf` j|`dot h|tfom`zz hg tf` lh||h`|- Acc tf` wa|ohpz

ra|ae`t |z zpjf az gomamjoac# eamaiè`mt amd omdpzt|oac a|` ztpdo`d- Tf`

lh||h`|z a|` i|amt`d gpmd laz`d &h|nomi jarotac/ amd mhm%gpmd laz`d &&Lamn

ipa|amt`` amd c`tt`| hg j|`dot/ gajocoto`z- Tf` r|hk`jt |`qpo|`z |`zt|pjtp|omi hg

Lacamj` zf``t amd R|hgot amd Chzz Ajjhpmt omth tf` JEA gh|eat r|hwod`d ly tf`

Lamn- Tf`m goccomi tf` J\OZOC omrpt zf``t gh| dhomi tf` J|`dot \atomi gh| omt`|mac

rp|rhz`z lazojaccy gh| |atomi amd azj`|taomomi tf` omt`|`zt |at` gh| tf` gpmd laz`d

amd mhm%gpmd laz`d coeotz--

1-: Hlk`jtow`z hg tf` Ztpdy

Th ztpdy tf` jp||`mt ea|n`t zj`ma|oh(t|`mdz om tf` ZE@ z`jth|-

Th cà|m tf` oerh|tamj` amd d`taocz hg gomamjomi tf` ZE@ z`jth|-

Th ztpdy tf` jfaom hg `w`mtz hg r|hj`zzomi a cham r|hrhzac g|he

|`jòwomi tf` arrcojatohm g|he tf` lh||h`|# dhomi j|`dot |atomi hg tf`

lh||h`| amd tf` jheramy# amacy{omi tf` gomamjoac ztatè`mtz#

zamjtohmomi th dozlp|zè`mt amd tf` rhzt zamjtohm |`wo`z-

Th cà|m tf` r|hj`dp|` hg dhomi tf` |atomi

1-4 Coeotatohmz hg tf` Ztpdy

Ztpdy oz coeot`d hmcy th tf` ZE@ z`jth|z

Dp` th toe` coeotatohmz a d`taoc`d amacyzoz jhpcd mht l` dhm`-



9/90

Tf` eakh| coeotatohm hg tfoz ztpdy zfacc l` data awaocalocoty az tf` data oz

r|hr|o`ta|y amd mht |àdocy zfa|`d gh| dozzèomatohm-

Aczh tf` i`hi|arfojac zjhr` hg tf` r|hk`jt az coeot`d th RML Jo|jc`

Hggoj` amd tf` chamz ztpdo`d `|` hg zhc`cy hg lpzom`zz`z `ztalcozf`d

eakh|cy om Epelao

Tf` j|`dot arr|aozac d`jozohm a|` eh|` hg omtpotohm amd `vr`|o`mj` amd

zomj` tf` toe` r`|ohd az coeot`d# f`mj` l`zt `ggh|tz `|` ead` th i|azr

tf` r|hj`zz az epjf az rhzzolc`

Dp` th `w`| jfamiomi `mwo|hme`mt# eamy |oznz a|` pm`vr`jt`d amd tf`

|è`doac eàzp|`z awaocalc` a|` laz`d hm i`m`|ac `vr`|o`mj` g|he tf`razt- Tf`|`gh|` |oznz jam hmcy l` eomoeo{`d jammht l` `|az`d jherc`t`cy-

Gomamjomi tf` ZE@z om RML Zjhr` amd Amacyzoz ?


10/90


11/90


12/90

TOE@COM@

16?0 RML `ztalcozf`d om Cafh|`-

1?24 RML `ztalcozf`d l|amjf`z om Na|ajfo amd R`zfaa|-

1?:? RML ajqpo|`d Lfaiam Dazz Lamn Coeot`d-

1?49 Ra|totohm hg Omdoa amd Ranoztam at Omd`r`md`mj`- RMLchzt otz r|èoz`z om Cafh|`# lpt jhmtomp`d th hr`|at` om

Ranoztam-

1?72 RML aeaciaeat`d Omdh%Jhee`|joac Lamn Coeot`d

&`ztalcozf`d om 1?::/ om a |`zjp`-

1?71 RML ajqpo|`d Pmow`|zac Lamn hg Omdoa-

1?7: Tf` Ihw`|me`mt hg Lp|ea matohmaco{`d RMLz l|amjf om

\amihhm &_amihm/-

1?70 Agt`| tf` Omdh%Ran a| tf` ihw`|me`mt hg Ranoztam

zò{`d acc tf` hggoj`z om Ranoztam hg Omdoam lamnz#

omjcpdomi RMLz fàd hggoj`# fojf eay faw` ehw`d th

Na|ajfo- RML aczh fad l|amjf`z om @azt Ranoztam

&Lamicad`zf/-

1?7?Tf` Ihw`|me`mt hg Omdoa matohmaco{`d RML amd 1: htf`|

eakh| lamnz hm 1?tf Kpcy# 1?7?-

1?96 RML hr`m`d a l|amjf om Chmdhm-

1?67 Tf` \`z`|w` Lamn hg Omdoa |`qpo|`d RML th t|amzg`| otz

Chmdhm l|amjf th Ztat` Lamn hg Omdoa agt`| tf` l|amjf



13/90

az omwhcw`d om a g|apd zjamdac-

1?66 RML ajqpo|`d Fomdpztam Jhee`|joac Lamn Coeot`d om a

|`zjp`-

1??: RML ajqpo|`d M` Lamn hg Omdoa# fojf tf`

Ihw`|me`mt hg Omdoa fad matohmacoz`d om 1?62-

1??6 RML z`t pr a |`r|`z`mtatow` hggoj` om Aceaty#

Na{anfztam-


14/90

RML oz acayz ghjpzomi hm `vramdomi al|had amd tocc dat` faz od`mtogo`d

zhe` `e`|iomi `jhmheo`z- Zhe` hg tf`e a|` om tf`z` rcaj`z-

h Aceaty-

h Na{anfztam-

h Zfamifao-

h Jfoma-

h Chmdhm-

h Nalpc-

h Agifamoztam

Gh|l`z Ichlac


16/90

h Laii`d Z`jhmd r|o{` pmd`| tf` jat`ih|y hg L`zt Yomd Rh`| R|hk`jt

Gomamj`


17/90


18/90

:- COT@\ATP\@ ( JHMJ@RTPAC ZPRRH\T

Tf` rp|rhz` hg tf` cot`|atp|` |`wo` oz th |`wo` fat faz r|`wohpzcy l``m dhm`

hm tf` zplk jt amd amacy{` ot om tf` r|`z`mt jhmt`vt zh tfat am `gg`jtow`

pmd`|ztamdomi jam l` `ztalcozf`d-

:-1 Lamnomi Z`jth|

Tf` Lamnomi Omdpzt|y az hmj` a zoerc` amd |`coalc` lpzom`zz tfat thhn d`rhzotz

g|he omw`zth|z at a ch`| omt`|`zt |at` amd cham`d ot hpt th lh||h`|z at a foif`|

|at`- Fh`w`| d`|ìpcatohm amd t`jfmhchiy c`d th a |`whcptohm om tf` Lamnomi

Omdpzt|y tfat za ot t|amzgh|e`d- Lamnz faw` l`jhe` ichlac omdpzt|oac

rh`|fhpz`z tfat faw` j|àt`d `w`| eh|` jherc`v r|hdpjtz-

A Lamnomi z`jth| r`|gh|ez tf|`` `zz`mtoac gpmjtohmz om am `jhmhey; tf`

hr`|atohm hg tf` raye`mt zyztè# tf` ehloco{atohm hg zawomiz amd tf` acchjatohm

hg zawomiz th tf` omw`zte`mt r|hk`jtz- Ly acchjatomi jarotac th tf` foif`zt wacp`

pz` foc` coeotomi tf` |oznz amd tf` jhztz omwhcw`d tf` lamnomi z`jth| jam `v`|t a

rhzotow` omgcp`mj` hm tf` hw`|acc `jhmhey amd tfpz oz hg l|had eaj|h`jhmheoj

jhmz`qp`mj` &\hcamd# Kagg` amd C`whmoam#


19/90

Tf` jhccarz` hg tf` Lamnomi Omdpzt|y om tf` Gomamjoac J|ozoz# fh`w`|#

eàmz tfat zhe` hg tf` eh|` `vt|è` |ozn%tanomi amd jherc`v z`jp|oto{atohm

ajtowoto`z tfat lamnz omj|àzomicy `miai`d om zomj`


21/90

Om Omdoa# ZE@ oz tf` loii`zt r|hwod`| hg èrchye`mt m`vt hmcy th

Ai|ojpctp|`- Tf` ZE@z jhmztotpt` ?0 hg thtac omdpzt|oac pmotz amd

jhmztotpt` 42 hg thtac omdpzt|oac hptrpt-

Gh|e`|cy# lhtf Ihw`|me`mt amd \LO j|`dot rhcojy rcaj`d èrfazoz hm

eampgajtp|omi pmotz g|he tf` Zeacc Zjac` Z`jth|- Fh`w`|# om h|d`| th

ean` tf` zo{` hg tf` pmot amd tf` t`jfmhchiy èrchy`d ly go|ez th l`

ichlaccy jher`totow`# tf` d`gomotohm hg Zeacc Zjac` Z`jth| az |`wozot`d-

N``romi om wo` tf` zae` amd tf` ichlac r|ajtoj`z# ot az d`jod`d th

l|had`m tf` jhmj`rt hg ZZO Z`jth| ly omjcpzohm hg z`|woj`z otfom otz aelot

az aczh omjcpdomi tf` E`dope @mt`|r|oz`z om a jherhzot` z`jth| hg Zeacc

' E`dope @mt`|r|oz`z-

Zplz`qp`mtcy# EZE@D Ajt az hr`|atohmaco{`d otf `gg`jt g|he


25/90

:-9 Oerh|tamt Jhmj`rtz

LAMN IPA\AMT@@Z; Lamnz jhe` aj|hzz a )Ipa|amt ) om th

jarajoto`z- Hm` az a l`m`gojoa|y f`m zhe`lhdy ipa|amt``z tf` raye`mt

hg d`lt hg lamn)z lh||h`| om jaz` hg d`gapct- Tf` htf`| az a ipa|amth|#

f`m tf` lamn otz`cg r|heoz`z th ray tf` dp`z h| dozjfa|i` tf` coalocoto`z hg

otz jpzthe`|z om gawhp| hg a tfo|d ra|ty- Yfoc` om tf` gh|e`| jaz`# tf` Lamn

oz tf` j|`doth|# om tf` catt`| jaz`# Lamn)z coalocoty oz jh%`vt`mzow` otf tfat hg

tf` d`lth|-

C@TT@\Z HG J\@DOT; Z`|woj`z hg tfo|d ra|ty az am omt |e`doa|y oz

pzpaccy a lamn fh ozzp`z a c`tt`| hg azzp|amj` th a z`cc`| at tf` |`qp`zt

hg a lpy`| gh| raye`mt hg jhzt hg ihhdz( z`|woj`z zhcd hm j`|taom t`|ez

amd jhmdotohmz- Zpjf am azzp|amj` c`tt`| oz mae`d az a ,C`tt`| hg J|`dot,-

QPAZO JAROTAC; Qpazo jarotac occ omjcpd` &o/ aehpmt hg J`mt|ac(Ztat`

zplzody&oo/ Chmi t`|e pmz`jp|`d omt`|`zt g|`` chamz g|he ihw`|me`mt h|

ihw`|me`mt ai`mjo`z zpjf az zac`z tav cham `tj- &ooo/ chmi t`|e pmz`jp|`d

omt`|`zt g|`` chamz g|he r|heht`|z r|hwod`d zpjf chamz a|` zplh|domat`d

th tf` chamz g|he lamnz(gomamjoac omztotptohmz &ow/ Mhm%|`gpmdalc` d`rhzotz-

&w/ \ozn jarotac azzoztamj` r|hwod`d ly \ozn Jarotac ' T`jfmhchiy Gomamj`

Jh|rh|atohm Ctd-



26/90

4- R\HJ@ZZ ( E@TFHDHCHI_

Mh agt`| ihomi tf|hpif tf` jhmj`rtpac zprrh|t |`qpo|`d gh| pmd`|ztamdomi tf`

r|hk`jt# a e`tfhdhchiy faz th l` r|`ra|`d gh| fh th jherc`t` tf` r|hk`jt

zpjj`zzgpccy-

4-1 R|hk`jt E`tfhdhchiy

Tf` e`tfhdhchiy(r|hj`zz ghcch`d oz az ghcchz ;

a- Tf` lh||h`| zpleotz tf` r|hk`jt |`rh|t amd acc tf` |`c`wamt dhjpe`mtz th

tf` lamn-

l- Tf` r|hk`jt |`rh|t az iow`m th e` gh| am om d`rtf amacyzoz-

j- A r|`%zamjtohm arr|aozac amd `wacpatohm az tf`m ja||o`d hpt ly ztpdyomi

tf` jheramyz gomamjoac ztatè`mt-

d- \`zt|pjtp|omi hg tf` jheramyz Lacamj` Zf` t amd R|hgot amd Chzz

Ajjhpmt om th tf` J|`dot Ehmoth|omi A||amiè`mt &JEA/ gh|eat-

`- Tf` lh||h`| jheramy az |at d pzomi tf` J\OZOC J|`dot \atomi Ehd c-

g- Hm lòmi azzp|`d hg tf` j|`dot h|tfom`zz hg tf` lh||h`|# tf` cham oz

dozlp|z`d-

EAVOEPE R@\EOZZOLC@ LAMN GOMAMJ@; ERLG oz jacjpcat`d f`m

tf` lh||h`| amtz cham gh| h|nomi jarotac |`qpo|è`mt- Tf` eavoepe

r`|eozzolc` lamn gomamj` occ# tf`|`gh|`# l` h|nomi jarotac iar c`zz tf`

aehpmt th l` zh jhmt|olpt`d ly tf` lh||h`|-

4-< Chjac` hg tf` R|hk`jt



27/90

Rpmkal Matohmac Lamn oz tf` z`jhmd ca|i`zt ztat`%hm`d jhee`|joac lamn

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0- ZE@ RHCOJ_

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RML NPZFAC PD_AEO CHAMZ TH J\AGTZE@M ' T@JFMOJACC_

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7- J\@DOT \OZN \ATOMI

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35/90


37/90

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tp|mhw`| prth \z


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7-4 TF@ J\@DOT \OZN \ATOMI THHC AM HW@\WO@Y

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hg tf`z` gajth|z faw` do|`jt oerajt hm otz r|hgotalocoty- Om tf` r|`z`mt zj`ma|oh

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l` l|hadcy jcazzogo`d az pmd`|;

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EA\N@T AMAC_ZOZ

&Dèamd ' Rht`mtoac/

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T@JFMOJAC AMAC_ZOZ

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Chjatohm amd Zot`

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htf`| gajth|z# Chjatohm &fojf eàmz tf` l|had a|à/ amd Zot` &fojf zoimogo`z



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zr`jogoj rcht hg camd/ z`c`jt`d gh| tf` Pmot otf otz adwamtai`z amd dozadwamtai`z#

og amy# zfhpcd l` zpjf tfat hw`|acc jhzt oz eomoeo{`d- Ot oz th l` z``m tfat zot`

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ai|`è`mt otf tf` Ihwt- rhcojo`z- Tf` ad`qpajy hg zo{` hg camd amd lpocdomi gh|

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tf` pmot th jher`t` om tf` ea|n`t- Rp|jfaz` hg |`jhmdotohm`d(hcd eajfom`|y oz th

l` dàct om t`|ez hg caod dhm ipod`com`z- Jheratolocoty hg rcamt amd eajfom`|y#

ra|tojpca|cy# om |`zr`jt hg oerh|t`d t`jfmhchiy otf qpacoty hg |a eat`|oac oz th l`

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zprrco`|z) j|`d`mtoacz# amd om jaz` hg jhccalh|atohm# jhccalh|ath|z) r|`z`mt amd

gptp|` zprrh|t |`qpo|`z j|otojac amacyzoz- Rcamt jarajoty amd tf` jhmj`rt hg



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`jhmheoj zo{` faz a eakh| là|omi hm tf` r|`z`mt amd gptp|` rcamz hg tf`

`mt|`r|`m`p|&z/ amd zfhpcd l` |`cat`d th tf` awaocalocoty hg |a eat`|oac# r|hdpjt

dèamd# r|hdpjt r|oj` amd t`jfmhchiy-

Tf` z`c`jt`d r|hj`zz hg eampgajtp|omi omdojatomi tf` ad`qpajy# awaocalocoty amd

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jherc`tohm# f`|`w`| |`qpo|`d-

GOMAMJOAC AMAC_ZOZ

Tf` azr`jtz fojf m``d th l` amacy{`d pmd`| tfoz fàd zfhpcd omjcpd` jhzt hg

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amacyzoz fojf a|` dozjpzz`d az pmd`|;

Jhzt hg R|hk`jt ' Eàmz hg Gomamjomi

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tf` r|hgotalocoty ztatè`mtz- Gp|tf`|# r|`coeoma|y `vr`mz`z# zpjf az# jhzt hg

omjh|rh|atohm hg tf` Jheramy# otz |ìozt|atohm# r|`ra|atohm hg gàzolocoty



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|`rh|t# ea|n`t zp|w`yz# r|`%hr`|atow` `vr`mz`z con` zaca|y# t|aw`ccomi# zta|t pr

`vr`mz`z# eh|tiai` `vr`mz`z omjp||`d l gh|` jhee`mjè`mt hg

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ly tf` r|heht`|z amd zfa|`fhcd`|z om tf` gh|e hg `qpoty# d`l`mtp|`z#

pmz`jp|`d chmi t`|e chamz amd d`rhzotz |aoz`d g|he g|o`mdz amd |`catow`z

fojf a|` mht |`rayalc` tocc |`raye`mt hg Lamn)z cham- \`zhp|j`z a|` |aoz`d

gh| gomamjomi r|hk`jt ly |aozomi t`|e chamz g|he Omztotptohmz(Lamnz fojf a|`

|`rayalc` hw`| a r`|ohd hg toe`# d`g`||`d t`|e j|`dotz z`jp|`d g|he zprrco`|z

hg eajfom`|y fojf a|` |`rayalc` om omztacce`mtz hw`| a r`|ohd hg toe`- Tf`

alhw` oz am occpzt|atow` cozt# az tf` r|heht`|z faw` mh zta|t`d |aozomi gpmdz

tf|hpif @p|h%ozzp`z# Gh|òim Jp||`mjy chamz# r|èope hm jarotac ozzp`z#

`tj- fojf a|` zhe`toe`z jhera|atow`cy jfàr eàmz hg gomamj`- Zplzodo`z

amd d`w`chre`mt chamz r|hwod`d ly tf` J`mt|ac(Ztat` Ihw`|me`mt om mhtogo`d

lajna|d dozt|ojtz th att|ajt `mt|`r|`m`p|z a|` aczh eàmz hg gomamjomi a

r|hk`jt- Ot oz th l` azj`|taom`d tfat |`qpo|è`mt hg gomamj` faz l``m r|hr`|cy

to`d%pr gh| pmfomd`|`d oercè`mtatohm hg a r|hk`jt- Tf` gomamjomi zt|pjtp|`

ajj`rt`d epzt l` om jhmzhmamj` otf i`m`|accy ajj`rt`d c`w`cz achmi otf

Gomamjomi tf` ZE@z om RML Zjhr` amd Amacyzoz 4:


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ad`qpat R|heht`|z) ztan - Tf` |`zhp|j`gpcm`zz# occomim`zz amd jarajoty

hg r|heht`| th jhmt|olpt` tf` zae` faw` aczh th l` omw`ztoiat`d-

Om jaz` hg r|hk`jt gomamj`# tf` r|heht`|(lh||h`| eay l|omi om prg|hmt foz

jhmt|olptohm &htf`| tfam gpmdz th l` r|hwod`d tf|hpif omt`|mac i`m`|atohm/ amd

tf` l|amjf`z zfhpcd jhee`mj` otz dozlp|zè`mt agt`| tf` ztorpcat`d gpmdz

a|` l|hpift om ly tf` r|heht`|(lh||h`|- A jhmdotohm th tfoz `gg jt zfhpcd l`

ztorpcat`d ly tf` zamjtohmomi aptfh|oty om jaz` hg r|hk`jt gomamj`# hm jaz` th

jaz` lazoz d`r`mdomi prhm tf` |`zhp|j`gpcm`zz amd jarajoty hg tf` r|heht`|

th jhmt|olpt` tf` zae`- Ot zfhpcd l` `mzp|`d tfat at amy rhomt hg toe`# tf`

r|heht`|z jhmt|olptohm zfhpcd mht l` c`zz tfam tf` r|hrh|tohmat` zfa|`-

R|hgotalocoty Ztatè`mt

Tf` r|hgotalocoty ztatè`mt fojf oz aczh nmhm az bOmjhe` amd @vr`mdotp|`

Ztatè`mt) oz r|`ra|`d agt`| jhmzod`|omi tf` m`t zac`z goip|` amd d`taocz hg do|`jt

jhztz(`vr`mz`z | catomi th |a eat`|oac# ai`z# rh`|# gp`c# jhmzpealc`

zth|`z(zra|`z amd htf`| eampgajtp|omi `vr`mz`z th a||ow` at a goip|` hg i|hzz

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z`ccomi(dozt|olptohm# omt`|`zt# d`r|`joatohm amd amy htf`| hw`|fàd `vr`mz`z amd

tav`z a|` tan`m omth ajjhpmt th a||ow` at tf` goip|` hg m`t r|hgot- Tf` r|hk`jtohmz

hg r|hgot(chzz a|` r|`ra|`d gh| a r`|ohd jhw`|omi tf` |`raye`mt hg t`|e chamz-

Tf` `jhmheoj arr|aozac omjcpd`z zj|ptomo{omi acc tf` otèz hg jhzt# amd `vaeomomi

tf` azzpertohmz# og amy# th `mzp|` tfat tf`z` a|` |àcoztoj amd ajfo`walc`- Tf`|`

zfhpcd mht l` amy hrtoeoze h| r`zzoeoze om h|nomi hpt r|hgotalocoty r|hk`jtohmz

zomj` `w`m a cottc` jfami` om tf` r|hdpjt%eov g|he mhm%|èpm`|atow` th

|èpm`|atow` h| woj`%w`|za jam dozth|t tf` rojtp| - Yfoc` r|`ra|omi r|hgotalocoty

r|hk jtohmz# tf` razt t|`mdz hg r |gh|eamj` om am omdpzt|y amd htf`|

`mwo|hme`mtac gajth|z omgcp`mjomi tf` jhzt amd |`w`mp` otèz zfhpcd aczh l`

jhmzod`|`d hlk`jtow`cy-



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I`m`|accy zrànomi# a pmot eay l` jhmzod`|`d az gomamjoaccy woalc`# r|hi|`zzow`

amd `ggojo`mt og ot oz alc` th à|m `mhpif r|hgotz mht hmcy th z`|woj` otz d`ltz toe`cy

lpt aczh gh| gptp|` d`w`chre`mt(i|htf-

L|àn%@w`m Amacyzoz

Amacyzoz hg l|àn%`w`m rhomt hg a lpzom`zz `mt`|r|oz` hpcd f`cr om nmhomi tf`

c`w`c hg hptrpt amd zac`z at fojf tf` lpzom`zz `mt`|r|oz` kpzt l|ànz `w`m o-`-

tf`|` oz mòtf`| r|hgot mh| chzz- A lpzom`zz à|mz r|hgot og ot hr`|at`z at a c`w`c

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r|hdpjtohm oz l`ch tfoz c`w`c# tf` lpzom`zz hpcd omjp| chzz- Tf` l|àn%`w`m

rhomt om am aci`l|aoj `qpatohm jam l` rpt az pmd`|;

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ot oz i`m`|accy tf` zae` gh| acc c`w`cz hg hptrpt-

Tf` l|àn%`w`m amacyzoz jam f`cr om eanomi wotac d`jozohmz |`catomi th govatohm hg

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foif`| jhmt|olptohm `tj- Gp|tf |# tf` l| an%`w`m amacyzoz jam f`cr om

pmd`|ztamdomi tf` oerajt hg oerh|tamt jhzt gajth|z# zpjf az# rh`|# |a eat`|oac#

calh|# `tj- amd hrtoeo{omi r|hdpjt%eov th oer|hw` r|hk`jt r|hgotalocoty-

Gpmd%Gch Ztatè`mt

A gpmd%gch ztatè`mt oz hgt`m d`zj|ol`d az a Ztatè`mt hg Ehwè`mt hg Gpmdz

h| f`|` iht; f`|` ihm` ztatè`mt- Ot oz d`|ow`d ly jhera|omi tf` zpjj`zzow`


L|àn%`w`m rhomt

&Whcpe` h| Pmotz/

Thtac Gov`d Jhzt ( &Zac`z r|oj` r`| pmot % Wa|oalc` Jhzt r`|pmot/

L|àn%`w`m rhomt

&Zac`z om |pr``z/

&Thtac Gov`d Jhzt v Zac`z/ ( &Zac`z % Wa|oalc` Jhztz/

40


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lacamj` zf``tz hm th zr`jogo`d dat`z amd gomdomi hpt tf` m`t jfami`z om tf`

wa|ohpz otèz arrà|omi om tf` lacamj` zf``tz-

A j|otojac amacyzoz hg tf` ztatè`mt zfhz tf` wa|ohpz jfami`z om zhp|j`z amd

arrcojatohmz &pz`z/ hg gpmdz th pctoeat`cy iow` tf` rhzotohm hg m`t gpmdz awaocalc`

otf tf` lpzom`zz gh| |`raye`mt hg tf` chamz- A r|hk`jt`d Gpmd Gch Ztatè`mt

f`crz om amz`|omi tf` pmd`| e`mtohm`d rhomtz-

Fh epjf gpmdz occ l` i`m`|at d ly omt`|mac hr`|atohmz(`vt`|mac

zhp|j`z8

Fh tf` gpmdz dp|omi tf` r`|ohd a|` r|hrhz`d th l` d`rchy`d8

Oz tf` lpzom`zz con`cy th gaj` coqpodoty r|hlcèz8

Lacamj` Zf``t R|hk`jtohmz

Tf` gomamjoac arr|aozac aczh omjcpd`z ztpdy hg r|hk`jt`d lacamj` zf``t fojf

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htf`| h|dz# tf` ztatè`mt f`crz th amacy{` az th fat am `mt`|r|oz` hmz amd

fat ot h`z at a ra|tojpca| rhomt hg toe`-

Am arr|aozac hg tf` r|hk`jt`d lacamj` zf``t data hg tf` pmot hpcd l` jhmj`|m`d

otf f`tf`| tf` r|hk`jtohmz a|` |àcoztoj chhnomi th wa|ohpz azr`jtz |`catomi th tf`

zae` omdpzt|y-

7-0 Gomamjoac \atohz

Yfoc` amacy{omi tf` gomamjoac azr`jtz hg r|hk`jt# ot hpcd l` adwozalc` th amacy{`

tf` oerh|tamt gomamjoac |atohz hw`| a r`|ohd hg toe` az ot eay t`cc pz a cht alhpt a

pmot)z coqpodoty rhzotohm# eamaiè`mtz) ztan` om tf` lpzom`zz# jarajoty th z`|woj`

tf` d`ltz `tj- Tf` gomamjoac |atohz fojf a|` jhmzod`|`d oerh|tamt a|` dozjpzz`d

az pmd`|;



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9

Hptrpt

Omw`zte`mt

\atoh

Zac`z

Thtac jarotac èrchy`d

&om gov`d ' jp||`mt

azz`tz/

Tfoz |atoh oz omdojatow` hg tf` `ggojo`mjy otf

fojf tf` thtac jarotac oz tp|m`d hw`| az

jhera|`d th htf`| pmotz om zoeoca| com`z-

EAMAI@E@MT ' H\IAMO[ATOHM AMAC_ZOZ

Arr|aozac hg r|hk`jt hpcd mht l` jherc`t` tocc ot tf|hz `mhpif coift hm tf`

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z``m tfat zhe` r|hk`jtz eay gaoc mht l`japz` tf`z` a|` mht woalc` lpt l`japz` hgtf` om`gg`jtow`m`zz hg tf` eamaiè`mt amd tf` h|iamo{atohm om jhmt|hccomi wa|ohpz

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azzoim`d `zz`mtoac gpmjtohmz- Om jaz` tf` r|heht`|&z/ faw` omt |`zt# om htf`|

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jhee`mt hm tfò| r`|gh|eamj` om zpjf jhmj`|mz-

A lpzom`zz oz eh|` wpcm`|alc` og d`jozohm eanomi om acc tf` gpmjtohmac a|àz |`ztz

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a|` omdpjt`d th zt|`mitf`m tf` h|iamo{atohm-

Gomamjomi tf` ZE@z om RML Zjhr` amd Amacyzoz 4?


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ARR\AOZAC HG R\HK@JT % A JF@JN COZT

Am omdojatow` cozt hg ozzp`z fojf m``d th l` chhn`d omth foc` arr|aozomi a r|hk`jt

oz iow`m l`ch;

EA\N@TOMI

1- \`azhmalc` d`eamd r|hk`jtohmz n``romi om wo` tf`

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`vrh|t rht`mtoac# oerh|t zplztotpt`# `tj-


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T@JFMOJAC

1-R|hdpjt amd otz cog` jyjc`# r|hdpjt%eov amd tf`o|

arrcojatohm-


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|atomi zyztè# r|hj`zz amd `ztoeatohm hg acc |`c`wamt |ozn jherhm`mtz- Lamnz

epzt |ìpca|cy jhera|` |àco{`d d`gapct |at`z otf `ztoeat`d r|hlalocoty hg

d`gapct &RD/ hg àjf i|ad` amd alc` th dèhmzt|at` th otz zpr`|wozh| &\LO/# tfat

tf` omt`|mac wacodatohm r|hj`zz `malc` ot th azz`zz tf` r`|gh|eamj` hg omt`|mac

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JHMT\HCZ

Tf` J|`dot \ozn Eamaiè`mt r|hj`zz om tf` lamn `mjherazz`z tf` ghcchomi

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j|`dot |ozn om otz j|`dot rh|tghcoh-

o- J|`dot Arr|hwomi Aptfh|oty

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wo-Cìac dhjpe`mtatohm

woo-R|`w`mtow` Ehmoth|omi Zyztè

wooo-Htf`|z

a- Pz` hg JOLOC data amd \LO d`gapct`|z cozt

l- Dow`|zogojatohm hg \oznz



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7-9 OERH\TAMT JHMJ@RTZ

Omt`|mac \at` hg \`tp|m

Tf` dozjhpmt |at` hgt`m pz`d om jarotac lpdi`tomi tfat ean`z tf` m`t r|`z`mtwacp` hg acc jazf gchz g|he a ra|tojpca| r|hk`jt `qpac th {`|h- Foif`| a r|hk`jt)z

O\\ tf` eh|` d`zo|alc` ot oz th pmd`|tan` tf` r|hk`jt- O\\ zfhpcd l` foif`| tfam

tf` Jhzt hg tf` r|hk`jt &omt`|`zt |at` om jaz` hg r|hk`jt gomamjomi/

Z`mzotowoty Amacyzoz

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a bWACP@) agt`| `ztoeatomi tf` |ami` hg wa|oatohm hg zpjf wa|oalc`z- Tf` bWACP@)

zh azzpe`d amd tan`m omth jhmzod`|atohm gh| a||owomi at tf` r|hgotalocoty

r|hk`jtohmz oz tf` bEHZT CON@C_ WACP@)- Z`mzotowoty Amacyzoz oz a zyztèatoj

arr|hajf th |`dpj` tf` pmj`|taomto`z japz`d ly zpjf azzpertohmz ead`- Tf`

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h| z`mzotow` `cè`mtz a|` od`mtogo`d fojf a|` azzoim`d dogg`|`mt wacp`z amd tf`

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tfh|hpifcy `vaeom`d ly i`m`|accy z`c`jtomi tf` r`zzoeoztoj hrtohmz zh az th



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9-1 ARRCOJATOHMZ GH\ CHAMZ AMD TF@O\ R\HJ@ZZOMI



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Ztamda|d zjf`dpc` hg g`` ( jfa|i`z | catomi th tf` cham arrcojatohm

d`r`mdomi hm tf` zìe`mt th fojf tf` ajjhpmtz l`chmi# occ l` ead`

awaocalc` th acc tf` r|hzr`jtow` lh||h`|z om a t|amzra|`mt eamm`|# achmi

otf tf` cham arrcojatohm# o|| zr`jtow` hg tf` cham aehpmt- Conòz`#

aehpmt hg g`` |`gpmdalc` om tf` `w`mt hg mhm%ajj`rtamj` hg tf`

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omt`|`zt hg tf` lh||h`| occ aczh l` ead` nmhm th tf` lh||h`| at tf`

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d`è`d m`j`zza|y-

Acc cham arrcojatohmz occ l` dozrhz`d hg otfom a r|`zj|ol`d toe` coeot g|he

tf` dat` hg |`jòrt hg dpcy jherc`t`d cham arrcojatohmz o-`- otf acc tf`

|`qpozot` omgh|eatohm(rar`|z-

Om jaz` hg |`k`jtohm hg cham arrcojatohm# o||`zr`jtow` hg jatìh|y hg chamz h|

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9-< JF@JNCOZT HG DHJPE@MTZ

Tf`|` a|` z`ra|at` jf`jncoztz gh| z`ra|at` tyr` hg ajjhpmtz

Jf`jncozt gh| G|`zf r|hrhzac

Jf`jncozt gh| \`màc jpe `mfamjè`mt

9-: \HJ Z@A\JF \@RH\T

Ot oz dhm` gh| coeot`d jheramy th z`` f`tf`| tf`y a|` |ìozt`|`d h| mht- Ot jammht

l` dhm` gh| r|hr|o`th|zfor(ra|tm`|zfor go|ez- Ot oz th `mzp|` f`tf`| tf`|` oz

jfa|i` aiaomzt tf`

Do|`jth|(jheramy# f`tf`| tf` lacamj` zf``t zpleott`d th lamn oz tf` zae`

zpleott`d th tf` |ìozt|a|- Tf` zà|jf |`rh|t oz dhm` ly Jfa|t`|`d Ajjhpmtamt-



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9-4 C@IAC Z@A\JF \@RH\T

Ot oz dhm` ly èram`cc`d adwhjat` hg tf` lamn- Ot oz th `mzp|` tfat tf` camd oz

eh|tiaialc` h| mht# th `mzp|` tfat tf`|` oz mh cìac |`zt|ojtohmz hm tf` camd &camd

lòmi ai|ojpctp|ac/-

9-0 WACPATOHM \@RH\T

Ot oz dhm` ly tf` èram`cc`d wacp`| hg tf` lamn- F` dh`z tf` wacpatohm hg tf`

r|hr`|ty th `mzp|` f`tf`| tf` r|hr`|ty oz h|tf tf` wacp` fojf tf` lh||h`| oz

zfhomi-

9-7 JOLOC \@RH\T

Ot oz dhm` th `mzp|` f`tf`| tf`|` a|` mh goc`d jaz`z aiaomzt tf` Lh||h`|-

Eh|`hw`| ot jam aczh dozjchz` f`|` faz tf` lh||h`| arrco`d htf`| tfam hp|

lamn gh| tf` cham-

9-9 \LO YOCCGPC D@GAPCT@\Z COZT

Ot oz th `mzp|` tf` lh||h`| mae` oz mht tf`|`- Tf` cozt oz prdat`d ly acc lamnz

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9-6 OJAO

Tf`|` lamnz jf`jn tf` f`tf`| tf` Jfa|t`|`d Ajjhpmtamt hg tf` jheramy ozi`mpom` JA h| mht-

Gomamjomi tf` ZE@z om RML Zjhr` amd Amacyzoz 0?


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9-? GOCCOMI HG LACAMJ@ ZF@@T AZ R@\ JEA \@QPO\@E@MT

Tf` lacamj` zf``t hg a jh|rh|at` `mtoty az r`| Jheramo`z Ajt m``dz th l` gocc`d

ly tf` Lh||h`| l`gh|` a eàmomigpc amacyzoz jam l` ead`-

9-12 AMAC_[OMI ' L@MJFEA\NOMI YOTF \ATOHZ

Acc tf` |atohz a|` jf`jn`d amd amacy{`d# az r`| tfò| |`zr`jtow` l`mjfea|nz

9-11 R\@%ZAMJTOHM OMZR@JTOHM

Ot oz dhm` ly tf` lamn hggojoacz- Tf`y wozot tf` zot` amd dh tf` omzr`jtohm hg

z`jp|oto`z- Aczh tf`y chhn at tf` r|`z`mt ztatpz hg tf` r|hk`jt om jaz` hg TC gajocoty-

9-1< T@W \@RH\T

Ot oz dhm` th `mzp|` f`tf`| tf` g|`zf r|hrhzac oz t`jfmh% jhmheojaccy woalc` h|

mht- Htf`| d`taocz faw` l``m e`mtohm`d à|co`|-

9-1: OMT@\@ZT \AT@ D@T@\EOM@D

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Gomaccy tf` ARR\AOZAC MHT@ oz ead` ajjh|domi th Lamnz gh|eat achmi otf

T`|ez amd jhmdotohmz-

9-14 CHAM ARR\AOZAC AMD T@\EZ ( JHMDOTOHMZ

Om ajjh|damj` otf Lamnz r|`zj|ol`d |ozn laz`d azz`zze`mt r|hj`dp|`z#

àjf cham arrcojatohm occ l` azz`zz`d amd zpotalc` ea|iom(z`jp|oto`z occ

l` ztorpcat d laz`d hm zpjf |ozn azz`zze`mt amd Lamnz `vtamt

ipod`com`z# fh`w`| otfhpt jher|heozomi hm dp` docoi`mj`-

Tf` zamjtohm hg j|`dot coeot achmi otf tf` t`|ez amd jhmdotohmz tf`|`hg oz

th l` jhmw`y`d th tf` cham arrcojamt om |otomi amd arrcojamtz ajj`rtamj`

hg zpjf t`|ez amd jhmdotohmz occ l` hltaom`d om |otomi- Zpjf t`|ez amd



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jhmdotohmz az faw` l``m eptpaccy ai|``d prhm l`t``m tf` lamn amd

lh||h`| r|oh| th tf` zamjtohm occ hmcy l` ztorpcat`d-

Jhry hg cham dhjpe`mtz# achmi otf a jhry àjf hg acc |`c`wamt `mjchzp|`z

qpht`d om tf` cham ai|`è`mt zfhpcd l` gp|mozf`d th acc tf` lh||h`|z at

tf` toe` hg zamjtohm ( dozlp|zè`mt hg chamz- Ztamda|d zamjtohm c`tt`|

hpcd omjcpd` omztamj`z hg arr|hwac# dozacchamj`# `tj-

Om jaz` hg c`mdomi pmd`| jhmzh|tope a||amiè`mt# tf` ra|tojoratomi lamn

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jhmzh|tope-

9-10 ZAMJTOHM HG CHAM

Og amy adwamj` zamjtohm`d oz mht awaoc`d otfom 7 ehmtfz g|he tf` dat` hg

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otz dozlp|zè`mt-

9-17 DHJPE@MTATOHM

Dhjpe`mtatohm gh|ez am oerh|tamt ra|t hg c`mdomi fojf `ztalcozf`z tf`

ghcchomi;%

Cìaccy `mgh|jàlc` jhmt|ajtpac |`catohmzfor l`t``m tf` Lamn amd tf`

jhmztotp`mt zpjf az C`md`|(Lh||h`|-

Tf` matp|` amd d`zj|ortohm hg tf` z`jp|oty# og amy# hgg`|`d gh| tf` adwamj`#

amd tf` t`|ez amd jhmdotohmz hg zamjtohmomi tf` adwamj`-

Lamnz pmg`tt`|`d |oiftz gh| j|yztacco{atohm hg z`jp|oto`z f`m m`j`zza|y

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d`gapctomi lh||h`|(ipa|amth|-

J|àtohm hg Z`jp|oty oz aczh am oerh|tamt azr`jt omwhcwomi j|àtohm hg

eh|tiai`# azzoime`mt `tj- Zpjf jfa|i`z a|` aczh th l` |ìozt`|`d otf



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jher`t`mt aptfh|oto`z om jaz` hg j`|taom tyr` hg h|iamo{atohm zay otf

\ìozt|a| hg Jheramo`z om jaz` tf` lh||h`| oz a Coeot`d Jheramy-

9-19 W@TTOMI HG DHJPE@MTZ

Ot oz dhm` ly am arr|hw`d adwhjat`- Adwamj`z ajjhpmtz otf aii|ìat` coeot hg

alhw` \z- 1 j|h|` &Gpmd`d rcpz Mhm%Gpmd`d/ hpcd l` w`|ogo`d ly tf`

Lamnz Arr|hw`d Adwhjat`-

9-16 \@QPO\@E@MTZ L@GH\@ DOZLP\Z@E@MTZ

Tf` L|amjf Eamai`| faz th ean` m`j`zza|y a||amiè`mtz th `mzp|`

jhercoamj` hg tf` ghcchomi azr`jtz l`gh|` eanomi amy dozlp|zè`mt pmd`| g|`zf( omj|àz` j|`dot gajocoto`z amd tf` r|hr`| |`jh|d om tfoz |`zr`jt faz th l` n`rt ly

tf` L|amjf`z gh| r`|pzac hg foif`| aptfh|oto`z ( omzr`jtomi hggoj`|z (apdoth|z;

a- Gpcc jhercoamj` hg tf` ztorpcat`d t |ez amd jhmdotohmz &pmc`zz zr`jogojaccy

`vèrt`d ly tf` jher`t`mt aptfh|oty/

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`vtamt ipod`com`z-

j- Azj`|taomomi tfat tf` Lh||h | faz hltaom`d m`j`zza|y coj`mz`#

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d- R|`%dozlp|zè`mt omzr`jtohm ( zot` wozotz-

Omzp|amj`

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'Zt|on`z# \ohtz# Eacojohpz Daeai`z &Z\ED/# otf am omzp|amj` jheramy# om tf`

mae` hg lh||h`| ( ipa|amth|# otf Lamn Jcapz`# at tf` lh||h`|)z `vr`mz`z#

pmc`zz omzp|amj` oz zr`jogojaccy aow`d h| mht |`qpo|`d th l` tan`m az r`|

r|hwozohmz |`c`wamt th tf` c`mdomi zjfè`-



63/90

9-1? DOZLP\Z@E@MT HG CHAMZ OMJCPDOMI JFAMI@Z OM

T@\EZ AMD JHMDOTOHMZ

Dozlp|zè`mt hg chamz zamjtohm`d oz th l` ead` oee`doat`cy hm thtac

jhercoamj` hg t`|ez amd jhmdotohmz omjcpdomi `v`jptohm hg cham dhjpe`mtz

ihw`|momi zpjf zamjtohm-

Amy jfami` om t`|ez amd jhmdotohmz# omjcpdomi omt`|`zt |at` amd z`|woj`

jfa|i`z# occ l` omgh|e`d omdowodpaccy th tf` lh||h`|z-

Jfami`z om omt`| zt |at`z amd z |woj` jfa|i`z occ l` `gg`jt`d

r|hzr`jtow`cy-

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dhjpe`mtz h| |otomiz-

RHZT DOZLP\Z@E@MT ZPR@\WOZOHM

1- R\@W@MTOW@ EHMOTH\OMI Z_ZT@E &REZ/

Hlk`jtow`z hg REZ

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jhmtomphpz lazoz amd d`t`jt;

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jher|`f`mzow` eamm`|-

Tfh|hpif r|hl` omth |àzhmz l`fomd hlz`|w`d zoimacz amd amacyzoz

tf`|`hg-

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l`jheomi MRA az `cc az th eomoeo{` tf` cham chzz`z-



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R|`w`mtow` Ehmoth|omi Zyzt`e jhmzoztz hg th ra|tz;

o- REZ Omd`v amd \amn

REZ Omd`v oz a mpe`|ojac omd`v jhmzoztomi hg


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6- AMAC_ZOZ HG ZE@ R\HRHZAC

Tfoz jfart`| d`acz otf tf` amacyzoz hg tf` ZE@ r|hrhzacz-

Tf` amacyzoz oz ja||o`d hpt hm wa|ohpz z`jtohmz# mae`cy;

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&oo/ Gomamjoac ra|ae t`|z amd azz`zze`mt

&ooo/ Omdpzt|y r`|j`rtohm

6-1 Jaz` Ztpdy % I\@@MGO@CD R\HRHZAC

Mae` hg tf` Ajjhpmt ; V_[ R|owat` Ctd-

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Z@JTOHM O; D@TAOCZ HG TF@ R\HRHZAC

Iozt hg tf` R|hrhzac1-1/ a/ G|`zf R|hrhzac gh| T`|e Cham gh| 61 ehmtfz &9


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Eakh| omzr`jtohm o||ìpca|oto`z Mht arrcojalcÒmt`|mac Apdot Mht Arrcojalc`

Jhmjp||`mt Apdot Moc

\LO Omzr`jtohm M-A-Ztatpth|y Apdot Moc

Apdoth|z hg tf` jheramy- CEM

Rhccptohm Jcà|amj` Tf` jheramy faz arrco`d gh| Jhmz`mt th `ztalcozf# tf`fàctf ja|` pmot wod` c`tt`| dtd- 24-11-2?-Tf` jhmz`mt th hr`|at` occ l` hltaom`d agt`| jhmzt|pjtohm hgfhzrotac-

J`|togojat` hg @mcozte`mt Ozzp`d ly Eaf`zftaca Epmojoracoty hm 1


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IN


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7-2 HTF@\ OMGH\EATOHM;

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Omzr`jtohm hg tf` hggoj` ' R|hk`jt zot`;

R|` zamjtohm pmot omzr`jtohm az ja||o`d hpt hm 21-27-


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Mae` hg tf` Jheramy M Zjfhhc Tjhmzt|pjtohm \-N-Azzhjoat`z

Omjhe`(Zac`z 074-47 9-:2+


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Oerh|tamt rhomtz th l` mht`d at L|amjf c`w`c

Pmqpht`

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C`zz; Jp||`mt Coalocoto`z 72-22 1


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Zp|rcpz &./ ( Zfh|tgacc&%/ %?-11 %70-


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Ehw`e`mt hg TMY hg tf` Zhjo`ty oz az r`| talc` iow`m l`ch %&\z- cajz/

:1-2:-11 :1(2:(1< :1(:(1: :1(:(14 :1(:(10 :1(:(17 :1(:(19

Hr`momi TMY MOC


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DZJ\ Jacjpcatohm

Ztat`e`mt zfhomi D`lt Z`|wojomi Jhw`|ai` \atoh &DZJ\/ amacyzoz

&\z- om Cajz/

Zc-Mh-

Ra|tojpca|z


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