Ghidey Gebremedhin DebessuEthiopian Meat & Dairy Technology Institute

(EMDTI)

A paper to be presented to the National Dairy Forum November 23-24, 2010 Ghion Hotel,

Addis Ababa Ethiopia. April 10, 2023

OutlineChronology of Dairy Development in EthiopiaNational Policies, Strategies and ProgramsLegal Frameworks Related to LivestockInstitutions in Dairy DevelopmentEstablishment of EMDTIConclusions and Recommendations

April 10, 2023

Chronology-Dairy DevelopmentEthiopia received 300 Friesian and Brown

Swiss dairy cattle in 1947 from the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) which marked the first attempt to introduce modern dairy production

Establishment of various dairy-related plants and projects:Shola processing plant in 1960Chilalo Agricultural Development Unit

(CADU) later named as Arsi Rural Development Unit (ARDU) in 1967

Dairy Development Agency (DDA) in 1971April 10, 2023

CHRONOLGY CONT…Addis Ababa Dairy Development Project (AADDP) in 1971Following the 1974 revolution, the DDA was merged with

other nationalized dairy farms to establish the Dairy Development Enterprise (DDE)

Wolita Agricultural Unit (WADU) in 1973 Minimum Package Programme(MPP) in 1972/73National Artificial Insemination Center (NAIC) in 1981 Dairy Rehabilitation and Development Project (DRDP) in

1986Sellale Peasant Dairy Development Pilot Project (SPDDPP)

in 1987

April 10, 2023

CHRONOLGY CONT…. Small Holders’ Dairy Development Project

(SDDP) which was a continuation of the SPDDPPDuring the Imperial period dairy development

efforts were treated under programs with in the livestock sub sector considered in the five year plans or purpose and area specific dairy projects.

• Privatization has been implemented since the early 1990s in which many enterprises including the DDE were privatized opening an opportunity for better development of the sector.

• The involvement of NGOs is also increasing.

April 10, 2023

Policies and StrategiesPolicies1.The Constitution-Provides citizens with the right to engage freely in economic activity and

to pursue a livelihood of one’s choice anywhere within the national territory,

Provides the right to choose his/her means of livelihood, occupation and profession;

Charges the state to pursue policies and necessary measures that expand job opportunities for the unemployed and the poor,

Provide enabling environments for farmers to receive fair prices for their products and to obtain an equitable share of the national wealth,

Provides nationals the right to participate in national development and be consulted with respect to policies and projects affecting their communities,

Charges the state that all international agreements and relations shall protect and ensure the rights of the country to sustainable development;

1.

April 10, 2023

Policies and StrategiesPolicies 2. Draft Livestock Development Policy- dairy develomentenhancing management of indigenous dairying cows,improving, multiplying, and distributing improved local

breeds,promoting establishment of dairy farms in potential stratified

areas using appropriate pure and improved dairy breeds, promoting dairy cooperatives and firms,characterizing local breeds, developing ranches for

production of pure dairy breed and distribution,establishing a national centre for dairy Management

Information System,identifying and prioritizing milk shed areas, and Enhancing and regulating quality of milk and milk products.

April 10, 2023

Policies and StrategiesPolicies 2. Draft Livestock Development Policy- Forage

Productionimproving productivity and use of pasturelands

through limiting carrying capacity, improvement of livestock water supply facilities,

making use of appropriate forage technologies (low land areas),

expanding and integrating use of improved forage species with soil and water conservation practices,

identifying, enhancing, and using agricultural residues and industrial by-products, and

Developing mechanisms for keeping emergency feed reserves in dry seasons.

April 10, 2023

Policies and StrategiesPolicies 2. Draft Livestock Development Policy- Animal

Health Servicescontrol and eradicate epizootic animal diseases through setting

priorities for list "A" animal diseases, and Establish a functioning information and communication system.  strengthening of animal and animal products quarantine and

inspection services,adopting and complying with OIE policies and regulations through

harmonizing with the current Ethiopian situation, issuance of certificate of competence for processing and exporting

institutions ,health and sanitary certificates for import and export of animals

and animal products andRegulating production, importation and distribution of drugs and

equipments in the field with respect to standards, quality, etc. April 10, 2023

Policies and StrategiesStrategies - ADLI

Sustainable Economic Growth, equity and self reliance through the development priorities.

Expansion of economic and social infrastructureEncouragement of private participation

This strategy focuses on agricultural development aiming at transforming the country’s economy. It emphasizes commercialization of agriculture by increasing the proportion of marketable output. This has influenced the successive policies and strategies.

April 10, 2023

Policies and StrategiesStrategies - Rural Development policy and

strategiesThe fundamental ideas of the strategy are:Adequately strengthen human resources capacity and its

effective utilization,Ensuring prudent allocation and use of existing land,Adaptation of development path compatible with different

agro-ecological zones,Specialization, diversification and commercialization of

agricultural production, Integrating development activities with other sectors, andEstablishment of effective agricultural marketing system.

April 10, 2023

Policies and StrategiesStrategies - Rural Development policy and strategiesThe instruments relevant to livestock are:Introduce menu-based extension package to enhance

productivity,Expand training of agricultural development extension agents,Expand training of farmers at Farmers Training Centres,Improve capacity and functions of agricultural inputs and

outputs markets,Organize and strengthen cooperatives to provide better

marketing service and serve as bridges between small farmers and the non-peasant private sector,

Facilitate credit provision and coverage of micro finance institutions,

Develop private business and entrepreneurship,Strengthen rural-urban linkages,April 10, 2023

Policies and StrategiesOther major strategies and development programs

are: - Ethiopian poverty reduction strategy - National food security strategy - Agricultural marketing strategyLivestock Development programs

National livestock development program which emphasizes on breed development, increased animal feed, strengthen veterinary service and control and improve the market infrastructure.

Livestock development master plan study.April 10, 2023

Legal Frameworks related to livestockAnimal disease prevention and control (no 267/2002)

Draft regulation to control movement of animal &transportation of animal products and byproducts

Draft regulation to provide for the regulation &licensing of animal health professionals

Cooperative societies proclamation (no 147/1998)Public health proclamation (no 200/2000)Proclamation to establish quality & standard authority of

Ethiopia (102/1998)Investment proclamation (280/2002)Investment regulation (84/2003)Establishment of EMDTI (regulation no 143/2008)

April 10, 2023

Institutions in Dairy developmentMinistry of agriculture Federal, regional,

zonal, woredaEthiopian Agricultural research instituteInstitute of biodiversity conservation and

researchAnimal and plant health regulatory

directorateEthiopian meat and dairy technology instituteAgricultural investment support directorate NGOs

April 10, 2023

Establishment of EMDTIEMDTI is established by the regulation no

143/2008 in January 2008. The original assignment was to provide all round capacity building support to different actors working in the livestock sector to enhance commercialization.

After two years additional assignment is given to support the private sector to promote market and encourage investment.

Conclusions and RecommendationsPolicies in dairy and livestock could not be

studied in isolation.Effectiveness of policies could be measured

by the impact brought in the sector or sub sector.

Policies should be considered as integral part of the institutions to implement and monitor their implementation.

April 10, 2023