Political Effects & Changes After the

Rwandan Genocide

May 14, 2010Group 4:

Margaret FlazerAshlyn KawamataFrancesca Koethe

What were the Effects?

After the Rwandan genocide, there were dramatic changes that

influenced the political sphere:• the government structure • internal reconstruction

• foreign policy

So What?!•Why care about Rwanda after

the fact?– We stop caring, we stop helping– We need to help them rebuild

•If not: chaos and killings may relapse

History of Rwandan Genocide• Major Factors led to killings

– Belgian power: favor Tutsi over Hutu• Tutsi-elite class (own cows)• Hutu-Working class

– Racial tensions political turmoil• 1959 civil war: hate on Hutu power

– President Juvenal Hayarimana (Hutu) lose power» Shift hate to Tutsis: gain favoritism/power

100 Days of Killing

• April 6,1994: Hayarimana assassinated• Blame Tutsis mass killings• 800,000 killed: fastest genocide ever• Tutsi take over Kigali July 4th 1994

– Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) take power

Change in Political Structure

• Tutsis take power (RPF enforce)• Paul Kagame take over

– Focus on building peace and unity– Attempt to erase Hutu Rebel groups

• Party Systems now free to opinion– 9 different parties (6 affiliate w/ RPF)– Kept on short leash

• many rules to prevent racial tensions

Demographics in System Change

Women: increase due to lack of males

• Nurture and forgive more naturally– Gov’t rule: 50% of

parliament must be female

• International leaders

– Example: Aloysie Cyanayirel: chief justice

Hutus: • Decrease in size

– Keep some in high ranked spots

– Represent all in government

• A way to forgive

Change in the Justice System

• Need to persecute Hutus for justice• International Tribunal of Rwanda

– Tanzania: Setup by UN– Search for planners/directors of genocide– 25 huge cases completed

• Emmanual Rukundo: 25 years sentence

Change in Justice System cont’d• Gacacca Court: Many to persecute locally

– Get through trials quicker– One per district: 19 judges each

•Most courts closing in July 2010 (effective)• Prisoners: bad conditions

– i.e. Gitarma Prison- unregulated– Now: release most prisoners over time

Country ReconstructionEmotional

• Building Peace, Reconciliation and Unity on the Lessons of Memory

• Emphasize moral values• Teach history of genocide

– Learn from past Physical• Transport Sector

Development Project – Improve roads

stimulate economy• Improve stability

and quality of life

– Job opportunities increase

Reconstruct Education System

• Joint Education Sector Support:– strengthen technology & science class

• Future leaders to stabilize country– Train teachers and regulate progress

• Specific studies: bio-chem & math– Provide for students:

• New labs and equipment• Textbook availability

International RelationsCHINA

• Give supplies: rice & sugar• Rebuild country

– Hospitals and buildings• Rwanda trade aid for faith

– Give niobium and tantalum ore, and paulowia logs

UNITED STATES• Little contribution• Drop supplies• Train Rwandan

military• Remove land mines

International Relations cont’d

• Rwanda ministers campaign new activities– Help to gain support & money abroad

• Ex-Forces Armees Rwandaises– Recruit rebel Hutus for Rwandan army– Stop revolts

External Displacement

• Genocide Hutu displacement– Leave to be free of

persecution• 650,000 leave to

Ruhengeri and Gisenvi• 2 Million flee to Congo

• Genocide Tutsis return – 1997: 1.8 Million go home,

feel safe

• Effects of Displacement: refugee camps– Orphans left behind, no

family– NGO’s like UNICEF help

kids and refugees• Educate, council, and

support

As Global Citizens…• WE will educate on status of Rwanda

– Without constant observation• Could fall back into genocide

• Donation: – By becoming economically stable emotionally stable

• Help prevent genocide• Learn from the past and grow

• How will you participate?– We can do nothing

Or we can participate in

Rwanda support

The CHOICE is yours

Picture URL’s• http://www.togetherforadoption.org/wp-content/media/as-we-forgive.jpg• http://www.asweforgivemovie.com/images/awf_ra_sm.jpg• http://www.snvworld.org/en/countries/tanzania/aboutus/news/PublishingImages/Education.JPG• http://blogs.technet.com/photos/unlimited_potential_team/images/3285641/original.aspx• http://www.urbanfaith.com/images/RwandanForgiveness450x300.jpg• http://blogs.dfid.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/classroom-construction-supported-by-sbs-contribution-from-dfid.jpg• http://www.constructionkenya.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/road-under-construction.jpg• http://www.fjau.edu.cn/upload/image/lwdkg2(1).jpg• http://www.africom.mil/file.asp?HR=2&ID=20091019121120• http://akorra.com/sites/default/files/Gitarama_prison.jpg• http://nerrati.net/afrique-dossier/images/afr-centrale/rdc/armee/soldats/soldats-fardc-formes-par-les-parachutistes-belgs.jpg• http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://blog.earthshope.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/shapeimage_1-13.jpg&imgrefurl=http://

blog.earthshope.org/tag/rwanda/&usg=__IrIh8yulIktkblMY87PDrf57Hj0=&h=400&w=700&sz=88&hl=en&start=2&sig2=CYs2tdbCCN5fsse06QIu6w&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=N2kDWOsYFTTLHM:&tbnh=80&tbnw=140&prev=/images%3Fq%3Drwanda%2Bministers%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs%3Disch:1&ei=oF7qS8y4LZbutgPBz9XSBw

• http://drccrisisguide.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/displacement-in-kivu2.jpg• http://iconicphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/machete-rwanda.jpg• http://patdollard.com/wp-content/uploads/rawanda.jpg• http://www.globalsolutions.org/files/general/Rwandan-Genocide.jpg• http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.globalresearch.ca/articlePictures/habyarimanaplane1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://

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• http://www.enjoyfrance.com/images/stories/france/political/Paul-Kagame.jpg• http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ugandarecord.co.ug/photos/Rwanda%2520---%2520RPF%2520commander%2520Maj.

%2520Gen.%2520Paul%2520Kagame%2520and%2520escorts,%2520Feb.%252011,%25201993-20100204-125809.png&imgrefurl=http://my.barackobama.com/page/community/group/TheIRInternationalRelationsForum&usg=__Sr-XD5hpqvfZWj1T8tf2_zli_VQ=&h=265&w=398&sz=332&hl=en&start=9&sig2=9naBvJW2Q6Ut0r8B5iCtkw&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=LJc2z6W-pTUb0M:&tbnh=83&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3DRwandan%2Bpolitical%2Bparties%2BRPF%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1&ei=d2XqS-GyD5CSswOen9zDBw

• http://media3.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/photo/2008/10/26/PH2008102602534.jpg• http://static.rnw.nl/migratie/www.rnw.nl/images/assets/16682429-redirected• http://www.rnw.nl/data/files/imagecache/must_carry/images/lead/ictr%20building.jpg• http://www.childrensworld.org/downloads/aocm7.jpg• http://i.telegraph.co.uk/telegraph/multimedia/archive/01381/rwanda1_1381373c.jpg