Date post: | 27-Jan-2017 |
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Popular Struggles and Movements
Akbarali Charankavsocialscienceclub.blogspot.com
Democracy in NepalIt was a democratic country up to 1990
Constitutional Monarchy - Birendra
Killed in 2001 - massacre
King Gyanendra - Dismissed the Prime Minister and Parliament
2006 - People started movement
SPA - Seven Party Alliance
Maoist Cooperation
April 24 - Girija Prasad Koirala
Bolivia’s Water WarWater supply of Cochabamb City
MNC
Bill increased 4 times
2000 Jan- 4 Days Strike
Led by - Labours , Human Rights, Community leader
Martial Law -Contract also ended
Conclusion
1. Democracy evolves through Popular StrugglesB/w Who has power / who has no power
2. Democratic conflict is resolved through mass mobilisation
Need to organise to gain their rights / needs
3.Conflict and mobilisation are based of new political Organisation Need Political Parties , Pressure group
Mobilisation and Organisation SPA
Big Political Parties
Nepalese Communist Parties ( Maoist)
Labour Union ,
Other Organisation, Like Teachers, lawyers
Bolivia It was not led by any political partyLed by - FEDECOR LOCAL professionals
EngineersEnvironmentalists Socialist partyFactory workers
Feracion Departamental Cochabambina de Regantes
Let’s begin today’s lesson.
Role of Organisation ★ Direct Participation in Politics
○ Creating Political parties
○ Contesting elections
★ Indirect Participation○ Form Organisation
○ Promote their interests - interest groups
Pressure groups & movements
➔ Groups are organizations that attempt to influence government policies
➔ Do not aim to directly control or share political power.
➔ Eg: AITUC , VHP, SFI,
➔ movement also attempts to influence politics rather than directly take part in electoral competition.
➔ They have loose organisation
➔ Decision making is flexible
➔ They depend much more spontaneous mass participation.
➔ Eg : Chipko Movement, Narmada Bachao Andolan
Sectional Interest Groups★Interest groups seek to promote the interests of a particular
section or group of society.
★Trade unions, business associations and professional (lawyers, doctors, teachers etc)
★Their principal concern is the betterment and well being of their members not society in general.
Promotional groups or public interest groups.➔ Promote collective rather than selective.
➔ FEDECOR (Feracion Departamental Cochabambina de Regantes)
➔ Represents some common or general interest that needs to be defended.
➔ Members may not benefit from the cause that the organisation represents.
➔ Promote collective rather than selective good.
➔ They aim to help groups other than their own members.
➔ Eg: group fighting against bonded labour fights
➔ Eg : Caste discrimination BAMCEF (Backward and Minorities Community Employees Federation
Movement Groups➔ Starting with single issue, later spread
➔ Movements , which have to achieve a broad goal in the long term.
➔ They have a similar approach
➔ Their active life is usually short.
➔ Eg :Narmada Bachao Andolan
➔ Environmental movements , Many organisations
➔ women’s movement.
➔ broad objective and
Sometimes these broad movements have a loose umbrella
organisation as well.
National Alliance for Peoples’Movements (NAPM)
Many groups worked under the leadership of NAPM
How do Pressure groups influence in politics?There are 5 ways
1. By Raising Public issues
They try to gain public support and sympathy for their goals and activities by carrying out information campaigns, organising meetings, filing petitions, etc
Media attention
2. Most of these groups try to influence the media into giving more attention to these issues
3. They often organise protest activities such as strikes or disrupting government programmes
4. Business groups often employ professional lobbyists or sponsor expensive advertisements.
5. Some persons from pressure groups or movement groups may participate in official bodies and committees that offer advice to the government.
Eg : Students Organisations - trade unions leaders
6. Sometimes political parties grow out of movements.
DMK and the AIADMK in Tamil Nadu - drawn social reform movement during the 1930 and 1940s.
7. Most of the new leadership of political parties comes from interest or movement groups
Is Their Influence Healthy?Yes.
The government gets to hear about what different sections of the population want; thus leading to a rough balance of power.
Government concerns ordinary citizens.
Different groups function actively, no single group can achieve dominance over society.