"The biggest enemy of health in the developing world is poverty."

Poverty is hunger.

Poverty is lack of shelter.

Poverty is being sick and not being able to see a doctor.

Poverty is not having access to school and not knowing how to read.

Poverty is not having a job, is fear for the future, living one day at a time.

Poverty is losing a child to illness brought about by unclean water.

Poverty is powerlessness, lack of representation and freedom.

Changing trends in a country’s economy Environmental problems such as lack of

rainfall. Lack of education High divorce rate Overpopulation Epidemic diseases

LACK OF EDUCATION

Poverty Line is drawn on the basis of Expenditure that is necessary to

Secure the Minimum Acceptable Living Standard for Work & Efficiency.

Since, Food is the most Basic Requirement, thus, Poverty Line is

drawn on the basis of a Minimum Necessary Nutritional Standard

expressed in terms of Calories per Day.

In India, the Minimum Calories intake of a Person has been put at 2,400

in Rural Area & 2,100 in Urban Area..

Thus, Government defined a Person with an Income of Less than

Rs.672 (Rural) & Rs.859 (Urban) per month as living below Poverty Line.

Rapidly Rising Population:

The population during the last 45 years has increased at the rate of 2.2% per annum. On average 17 million people are added every year to its population which raises the demand for consumption goods considerably.

Low Productivity in Agriculture:

The level of productivity in agriculture is low due to subdivided and fragmented holdings, lack of capital, use of traditional methods of cultivation, illiteracy etc. This is the main cause of poverty in the country.

Relative Poverty :- Relative Poverty refers to the Income or Asset Position of one Class or

Group of People in comparison with the other Classes or Groups, or of one

Individual.

The essential point here is that Poverty of One is Relative to the Richness

of the other.

For Example, an Average Middle Class Person is Poor when compared to

the Upper Middle Class Person, who in turn, may be poorer than the

Richer Person and so on.

It is associated with a Minimum Level of Living or Minimum

Consumption Requirements of Food, Clothing, Housing, Health, etc.

All those People who fail to Secure Income or Assets to have

access to even these Minimum Consumption Requirements are

classified as ‘Poor’.

Is relevant for the Less‐Developed Countries.

Price Ri$e:

The continuous and steep price rise has added to the miseries of poor. It has benefited a few people in the society and the persons in lower income group find it difficult to get their minimum needs.

Unemployment:

The continuously expanding army of unemployed is another cause of poverty. The job seeker is increasing in number at a higher rate than the expansion in employment opportunities.

Effects on Children

According to UNICEF, 22,000 children die each day due to poverty.

Around 27-28 % of all children in developing countries are

estimated to be underweight or stunted.

For the 1.9 billion children from the developing world, there are:

640 million without adequate shelter (1 in 3)

400 million with no access to safe water (1 in 5)

270 million with no access to health services (1 in 7)

Worldwide,

10.6 million died in 2003 before they reached the age of 5 (same

as children population in France, Germany, Greece and Italy)

Effects on Education

Based on enrollment data, about 72 million children of

primary school age in the developing world were not in

school in 2005; 57 per cent of them were girls. And these

are regarded as optimistic numbers.

Nearly a billion people entered the 21st century unable to

read a book or sign their names.

121 million out of education worldwide.

Political Factors:

The Britishers started lopsided development in India and reduced Indian economy to a colonial state. They exploited the natural resources to suit their interests and weaken the industrial base of Indian economy.

In independent India, the development plans have been guided by political interests. Hence, the planning a failure to tackle the problems of

poverty and unemployment.

Accelerating the growth rate

Emphasis on rural development

Development of village and small scale industries

Direct attack on poverty

Reducing Inequalities in Income

Limiting growth rate of population

POVERTY IN DIFFERENT STATES OF INDIA

The Government, of India took certain measures to reduce poverty, inequality of income and wealth in its five year plan periods. Followings are some steps taken by the Government, from time to time.

Integrated Rural Development Programme(IRDP)

National Rural Employment Programme (NREP)

Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP)

Jawahar Rozgar Yojana

Training of Rural Youth for Self-Employment

Development of Women and Children.

Drought Prone Area Programme

Desert Development Programme

Minimum Needs Programme

Employee Guarantee Scheme

Though a sharp bend is seen in poverty rate from 1981 to 2009 but poverty is still at large.

The government makes schemes to eradicate poverty but poor people are eradicated instead.

In order for a bright future we need to remove poverty completely and build a

‘POVERTY FREE NATION’....

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