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Conflict vs. Creation Cosmogony
Enuma Elish
Marduk slays Tiamat
creatio ex nihilo
Jussive Tense
Imperative Tense
Imago Dei
Humanity’s Creaturliness and Personhood
Utterly dependent on God
Independent to act
God invites humanity to join in His creative work
Functional view
Cultivate the Garden
“Imago Dei is something human persons do, rather than something
they are…” (Cortez)
They are official representatives of the Divine Being
Broken image
Difficult Doctrine of Love of God
Love originating within the Triune God (D. A. Carson)
Can we view power the same way?
Ministry of reconciliation“All this is from God, who through Christ reconciled us to himself and
gave us the ministry of reconciliation; that is, in Christ God was
reconciling the world to himself, not counting their trespasses against
them, and entrusting to us the message of reconciliation.”
- 2 Corinthians 5:18-19
Leadership Theory
Peter Northouse
Leadership is a Process
Leadership involves Influence
Leadership involves goal attainment
Leadership happens in a group context
Transformational Leadership (Warren Bennis)
Situational Leadership (Hershey/Blanchard)
Servant Leadership (Greanleaf, Wilkes)
Warren Bennis (1925–2014)
Life Timeline
• 1925–Born in NJ to working-class Jewish family during tough economic times.
• 1943–Enlisted in the US Army Specialized Training Program and worked as riveter on a plane assembly.
• 1944–Deployed as a young officer to South Germany at the Battle of the Bulge; endured extreme hardships in battle, earning a Purple Heart and Bronze Star.
Warren Bennis
Life Highlights & Accomplishments
Regarded as a pioneer of modern Leadership Studies.
Protégé of Douglas McGregor while at Antioch College—both served together later at MIT (Sloan School of Management).
Authored 30 books, such as Leaders, On Becoming a Leader (1989), Managing People is Like Herding Cats (1997, 1999), and An Invented Life, among others.
Advisor to four U.S. Presidents.
Consultant to many Fortune 500 Companies.
Taught courses at Harvard, Boston University, and the Indian Institute of Management in Calcutta.
Served as Visiting Prof of Leadership at Exeter Univ. & UCLA
Warren Bennis
Influence
One of his most influential books, On Becoming A Leader (1989), emphasizes that a
good leader must be authentic, as well as combine elements of experience,
knowledge, and ethics.
He coined the ideas: “Management of: Attention, Meaning, Trust, and Self.” (“Four
Competencies Of Leadership” from An Invented Life), among many others.
“Established Leadership as a respectable academic field” (Financial Times, 2000).
Top 10 Leaders in Business (Business Week, 2007).
Sources and Related: Still surprised: A memoir of a life in leadership (2010); On becoming a leader (1989); An invented life (1994);
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Bennis
Transformational Leadership
Definition: Getting a group of people to behave in a way – or work in a
way – that they would not have on their own in order to attain a
preferable future. Envisioning a better future and casting that vision for a
group of people such that they are inspired and motivated to work to
achieve that future.
Transformational Leadership is often researched in comparison/contrast
with Transactional Leadership: Avolio, Bass, and Jung (1999)
Biblical Examples
Moses
Joshua
Nehemiah
Overview of Situational
Leadership
Different situations demand different kinds of leadership (Northhouse,
2007, p. 91)
Leadership composed of both directive and supportive dimensions
that need to be applied appropriately in a given situation.
Also consider the development level of subordinates
Strengths
Stood the test of time in the marketplace
Used in training programs for more than 400 of the Fortune 500
Companies (Hersey-Blanchard, 1993)
Practicality:
Easy to understand, intuitively suitable, easily applied
Prescriptive approach, rather than just a descriptive theory of
leadership
Emphasizes leadership flexibility
Weaknesses
Paucity of scholarly research on situational research
Potentially ambiguous conceptualization of subordinates
development level
Research questions pairing of certain leadership styles with
development levels
Does not fully address one-to-one versus group leadership in an
organizational setting
Servant Leadership
Robert Greenleaf coined the term servant leadership
(1977). As a theoretical foundation, servant leadership
proposes that lasting and legitimate influence is
cultivated through a servant-hearted approach to
other people.
Definition: The great reversal in which the leader
places themselves in the subservient role to those
they lead, modeling a sacrificial selflessness and
encouraging those they lead to do the same.
Purpose and Message
As a prophet, Jeremiah’s purpose was to deliver the
message the Lord gave him
A message to bring the people back to the Lord and to
warn them of the consequences should they continue
their present course of action
Jeremiah was a man burdened with his calling
Struggled with the Lord concerning his mission
Struggled with the people
The calling of Jeremiah
I’m just a little pebble, here!
Notice the phrase throughout the narrative, “declares the Lord”
Romans 10:14-17
The faith that causes a change in the eternal state of souls – from
condemned to co-heir with Christ – comes through the hearing of
the word
The Currency of the Kingdom is the Word of God
Four Oracles of Jeremiah
Indictment Oracles
Stubbornness, injustice (5:20-31), and improper use of temple and sacrifice (7:8-31)
The people had forsaken the Lord and had worshiped idols (2:5-3:5)
Covenant violation of the first degree
Judgment Oracles
National in scope and mostly political
Instruction Oracles
Fewer than a dozen – why?
The people had the covenant and knew what God required
This is a call to return to the Lord
Aftermath Oracles
Purpose is summarized in 29:11
The Lord would bring them back, make a new covenant with them, rebuilt city, return to God,
righteous Davidic king would sit on the throne
Major Themes
God’s Policy with Nations
Jeremiah’s sermon at the potter’s house (18)
Policy is consistently seen throughout the Old Testament
Metaphor of Scales (Hill & Walton)
Metaphor is found in Genesis 15:16 – Abraham is told several centuries need to
elapse before the land can be given to him because “the sin of the Amorite is
not yet complete.”
Major Themes
This system is operative for nations, NOT INDIVIDUALS, so it should not be
confused with salvation by works.
The scale of deeds is never conveyed as the way that God deals with
individuals.
“Nations are not “saved” from sin, nor do they exist eternally. Nations are treated
solely on physical and temporal terms, so the system can in no way be equated
to the eternal destiny of individuals. Grace does exist in the system as evidenced
by the longsuffering character of God, and it continues to manifest his grace,
because there is nothing in Scripture to suggest that God has changed his policy
for dealing with nations.” (Hill & Walton)
Major Themes cont.
New Covenant (31:33-34)
Foremost theological contribution
Treaty format to God’s Covenants
Preamble, Historical prologue, stipulations, a document clause, list of witnesses, list of curses and blessings
Rather than being etched on stone, it was to be written on the heart
People would not have to be taught the law, but would intrinsically know the law
From the Least to Greatest shall “know the Lord” – Priesthood of all Believers
Terms of the covenant are not explained – so the terms have not changed and remains the Abrahamic, elaborated at Sinai and to David.
Until Hebrews 8
False Prophets
Surrounded by those preached deliverance, peace, and prosperity
Accused Jeremiah of being the false prophet
There were times he appeared to suspect hat the charge was correct (20:7-10)
Authorship – Lamentations
Jeremiah
2 Chronicles 35:25 “Jeremiah composed laments for Josiah”
An unknown eyewitness of the fall of Jerusalem
Purpose
In contrast with 2 Kings 24-25, which documents the historical data
about the fall of Jerusalem, Lamentations captures the pathos of
that tragic turn in Israel’s covenant experience with Yahweh.
The poems preserve the Hebrew response to the unthinkable and
inexpressible
The utter destruction of David’s Zion
The ruin of Yahweh’s temple
The divine abandonment of the “elect” of God.
Leadership Style
Transformational?
Getting a group of people to do something they don’t want to do in
order to obtain a preferable future.
“He called for genuine repentance, authenticated by actual change
of behavior, and he seems to have done so with some hope that it
might avert the calamity he saw coming” (Wright, 2014, p. 22).
Was he effective?
Lessons Learned from Jeremiah
Jeremiah speaks God’s Words.
Jeremiah feels God’s feelings.
Jeremiah the man and Jeremiah the book are “inseparably bound
together” but different.
Jeremiah the man preached to Judah about the fall…
Jeremiah the book preaches to Israel in exile (and to us today)
The Teacher’s Lesson
“The point in preserving in such detail his forty years of preaching
was to provide the exiles with an understanding what had now
fallen upon them - and out of that understanding to build hope
“it’s not Jeremiah gloating, ‘I told you so!’
“but rather a tear-filled, ‘I told you why!’” (Wright, p. 47)
Avoid Mission Drift
He called for genuine repentance and behavior change...But as his appeals were systematically rejected, he set about the task God had given him…
to ‘uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow’ (1:10)
Jeremiah dismantled and demolished in his preaching the great pillars of Israel’s historical faith:
election, land, law, covenant, temple and monarchy
The people had betrayed all these in their rebellion and perversity, such that putting faith in them was simply self-deception.
They became a ‘falsehood’ - most damning words Jeremiah hurls at the whole religious and political establishment.
God’s Choice
Jeremiah’s mission was not his own freely chosen path of service,
but a participation in a divine purpose that was being shaped in the
mind of God before Jeremiah was shaped in his mother’s womb
I knew you
I set you apart
such sanctification is also a lesson in loneliness of leadership
I appointed you
Speak Truth to Power
Knew the source of their authority
What mattered was not Jeremiah’s confidence (or lack of it), but
God’s command
“To everyone to whom I send you, you shall go, and everything which
I command you, you shall speak...”
“In a sea of false prophets, Jeremiah stood out like a funeral
director at a wedding…”
Transformational?
Consider 29:7 - “seek the welfare of the city”
It is conceivable that Daniel was familiar as he prayed three times a
day
Nebuchadnezzar's second dream
“It’s hard to go on hating someone when you pray for them every
day” (2014, p. 294).
Transformational?
A Biblical mission demands a Biblical ethic
all forms of legitimate service
Paul’s view of ‘doing good’ in Galatians 6:9
concrete social benefaction, contributing to the public good of all
citizen
Transformational?
Consider 29:11
From victims to visionaries
“[God’s people] needed to understand (as we also need to) that it
was a future guaranteed, not by their amazing ability to survive all
historical disasters, but by
“God’s amazing grace,
“God’s ability to bring life out of death,
“God’s determination to bring redemption beyond judgment