Power from the sun

Power from the SunP hotovoltaic energy

Sun • power fromthe

Sun• power from the Sun • power from

BPVA_20pp_Brochure_v4.2.QX7:Layout 1 23/2/11 09:24 Page 1

The Sun produces a huge amount ofenergy – both light and heat – that sustainsus and keeps our planet Earth alive.

Amazingly, in less than one hour the Earthreceives enough energy from the Sun tosupply all our world’s power needs for a fullyear.

Here we consider how sunlight can beeasily converted to electricity to help powerour homes, offices and factories. Indeedwherever we need electricity Power fromthe Sun can help us while protecting ourenvironment.

The Sun – afree source

of energy

ppoowweerr ffrroomm tthhee SSuunn •• ppoowweerr ffrroomm tthhee SSuunn •• ppoowweerrffrroomm

tthheeSSuunn


The process to convert sunlight intoelectricity is called photovoltaic and we cantrace this word back to Greece and Italy.Photo comes from the Greek languagemeaning light and voltaic in honour of anItalian physicist Count Alessandro Voltawhose name is used for a measure ofelectricity (electromotive force) - the volt.Often the word photovoltaic is shortened tosimply PV for ease of use.

The sun and the science The fundamental component of aphotovoltaic system is the PV cell – oftencalled solar cell. A solar cell is shown in thediagram. Solar cells are made of specialmaterials called semiconductors. Silicon iscurrently the most common semiconductorused in solar cells. When sunlight shinesonto the solar cell an amount is absorbedas energy into the semiconductor material.

This energy knocks electrons loose fromthe semiconductor’s atoms allowing themto flow freely inside the material. Contactson either side of the cell capture theseelectrons converting them into an electricalcurrent – power from the Sun. In a typicalPV system many solar cells are grouped (instrings) together to make a PV module orpanel. A photovoltaic system is made up ofa number of PV modules where the moremodules the greater the energy produced.

The more sunlight the more power!However this does not need to be from acloud free sky – even on cloudy and rainydays useful amounts of power aregenerated. PV works both from directsunlight and also indirect (diffused) sunlightfrom cloudy skies. Indeed partially cloudyconditions can actually increase the outputfrom a PV system!

How do we make electricity from the sunlight?

Front Contact

Back Contact

Sunlight

Anti-reflective

Coating

Specially Treated

Semi-conductor Material

• power from the Sun • powerfrom

theSun


Unlike most other forms of electricityproduction, PV is effectively limitless - onlydepending on the Sun! After less than 3years (and this time is reducing astechnology improves) a PV system isenergy neutral (ie supplying back moreenergy than that used to manufacture) andthe life for a PV installation is 25 years ormore (estimated as at least 30 years) andcan also be recycled.

Coal, oil, gas and nuclear are all finiteresources and will run out – the onlyquestion is when. Beyond this they havesignificant environmental concerns be thisfrom carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions orradioactive waste. PV has none of thesedrawbacks.

While there are other “clean energy”solutions such as hydro, wind and tidalgeneration these are not ideal or indeedpractical in many situations. They do notoffer the local energy production that a PVsystem can deliver down to individualhouseholds. PV is completely silent, veryreliable with low maintenance and can easilybe fitted directly to a building with absoluteminimal impact on the environment.

PV is called a renewable energy sourcecoming as it does from a natural resource,the Sun, which is naturally replenished(renewable). Other renewables includewind, tide, solar thermal and geothermal. Atypical domestic PV system can save inexcess of 1 tonne of CO2 emissions peryear – over 25 tonnes in its lifetime!

Why Power from the Sun?

How much CO2 do various electricitygeneration methods make in their life?

Technology

Solar PV*..........................

Nuclear ............................

Natural gas.......................

Oil/diesel ..........................

Coal with scrubbing..........

Coal without scrubbing.....

Estimate (g CO2/kWh)

32

66

443

778

960

1050

*Polycrystaline silicon, thin film less than 20 gCO2/kWh

Lifecycle greenhouse gas emission estimates for various electricity generators


PV modules are all made abroad andbuying PV is not supporting our localeconomyThe modules are only a part of a PV

system. Though they are the most obviouspart! Estimates are that for every 7 jobs inmanufacturing modules 30 jobs arecreated for the other parts of a PV systemincluding installation and routinemaintenance.

More energy is needed to make a PVsystem than it ever gives backNot true! After 3 years or less a PV

system is “carbon neutral” producing moreenergy than was used to manufacture. This3 years is reducing as technology andmanufacturing processes are improved andis expected to be under 2 years very soonand is already under 1 year for certaintechnologies (thin film).

These solar PV systems can’t work inthe UK – it’s too rainy and we don’t haveenough sunshineActually the amount of sunshine we have

in the UK is not so different from thatexperienced in the country having thelargest number of PV installations in theworld – Germany! Even on cloudy days PVgenerates significant amounts of elctricity.Also it is often said that PV only works inthe South. While power is slightly reducedinstallations in, for example, Edinburgh stillare very productive and viable.

I don’t need that much electricity duringthe day when PV works so it’s not goingto work for meThe vast majority of PV installations are

directly connected to your electricity provider(via the national grid) and the powerproduced during the day is used by otherssuch as industry, hospitals etc. In fact theelectricity that the PV system exports to thegrid is paid for by your provider making evenmore money from the system. Typically overa full year around 30% of the electricityproduced by a domestic PV installation isused by the home owner.

Some common myths about PV

!

x 30=

>


A Feed In Tariff or FIT is a mechanism usedin many countries to help supportrenewable energy technologies. This isnecessary because the cost of installingsystems such as PV is relatively high andwithout this support widespread adoptionof these renewables would not happen.

Why do we need renewable energy? As isnow widely recognised traditional energysources such as coal and oil are not goingto last forever and also are now linkeddirectly to climate change because of theirCO2 emissions. Thus most countries noware looking for alternative electricitysources and to encourage this support

schemes now operate in many countriesworld-wide. In the UK the Government hasa Renewable Energy Strategy (RES) targetof 15% of electricity coming fromrenewables (such as PV) by 2020.

To help achieve this goal the BritishGovernment’s Department of Energy andClimate Change (DECC) introduced the UKFIT “clean energy cashback” scheme inApril 2010. This was specifically toencourage investment in small scale lowcarbon (renewable) electricity production inreturn for a guaranteed payment (tax free)for the electricity produced.

What is the FIT and how does it work?

PV FIT

Lifetime: 25 years

Funding of projects up to 5 MWp

Payment in penceper kWh subject toRPI

Year

System size

< 4 kWp (new build)

< 4 kWp (retrofit)

> 4 - 10 kWp

> 10 - 100 kWp

> 100 kW - 5MWp

Stand alone system(open space)

1/4/2010 -31/3/2011

36.1

41.3

36.1

31.4

29.3

29.3

1/4/2011 -31/3/2012

36.1

41.3

36.1

31.4

29.3

29.3

1/4/2012 -31/3/2013

33.0

37.8

33.0

28.7

26.8

26.8

Source: Department of Energy and Climate Change 2010

Notes:

• To be eligible for the FIT projects up to 50 kWp must use Micro-generation Certification Scheme (MCS) approved products

installed by an MCS accredited installer. Projects greater than 50 kWp apply for accreditation through the ROO-FIT process.

• The rates paid are adjusted annually according to the Retail Price Index (RPI) and are guaranteed for 25 years

• Electricity exported to the grid is paid additionally at a minimum of 3p per kWh where 50% export is assumed


It is not planned that this support will beneeded forever. Firstly the cost ofmanufacturing renewable technology suchas PV is reducing quite rapidly as thevolumes increase and the technology isrefined. Also the cost of existing electricityproduction (eg oil and coal) continues toincrease as these resources becomescarcer (they are finite unlike the Sun!) andthe very real cost of pollution is taken intoaccount.

At some point the cost of PV electricity willbe the same as existing polluting energysources and that is called “grid parity”. It isnot certain when PV grid parity will happenin the UK but some countries, where largerinvestments in PV have already been made

or energy prices are higher, this is close oreven achieved. It is likely the UK willachieve a grid parity cost from PV by 2020at the latest. What is clear is the more PV isinstalled in the UK the sooner grid paritywill happen and the less the UK will pollute!A win win scenario for all.

You import electricity from the grid

when you need additional power.

You can use the electricity you generate - you

don’t have to import from the grid.

You export electricity back

to the grid when you don’t

use it. You are paid an

export tariff.

Electricity is created by solar

modules. Your electricity supplier

pays you for each unit of electricity

you generate.

Czech residential installation (Suntech modules)


There are two main types of PV systemand this relates to how the power is used.These are grid connected and off grid (notgrid connected).

In most cases grid connection is used butfor some remote locations away from a gridor consumer goods (say a solar poweredradio) then these are off grid.

A typical domestic grid connected PV installation can be broken down into 3 main parts. PV modules, an inverter and meter.

What are the main parts of a PV system?

Solar powered radios

National Grid

11. Photovoltaic modules

2. Inverter

3. Solar power meter

4. House consumption meter

2

4

3


The PV modules produce electricity in a DC(Direct Current)form like abattery. This isconnected to aninverter whichconverts this DCinto AC(AlternatingCurrent) which isthe form ofelectricity used topower lighting,appliances, heatersetc in the home.

The inverter is connectedto the grid (the normalway electricity issupplied to the home)via a meter that recordshow much power isbeing supplied by the

PV system. The other meter in the diagramis the normal meter used to record howmuch electricity is being used.

Other examples of PV installations includepower plants (both grid connected and offgrid) and consumer goods.

PV modules cost around £2.10 per Wp andinverters £500 per 1kWp. The table belowshows a rough indication of the costs for atypical 2kWp system.

Cost breakdown for typical 2kWp system

PV modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .£4,200

Inverter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .£1,000

Wiring, meter etc. and installation . .£3,300

Total Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .£8,500

Commercial roof-top Germany (Suntech modules)

Residential installation Spain (Suntech modules)

Generation meter

Inverter (SMA)

PV modules (Suntech)


In most domestic PV installations the PVmodules are roof mounted. These can beeither fixed on top of the existing roof ormounted into the roof itself. For existinghouses it is simplest to mount themodules onto the roof and there are anumber of fixing methods available to

achieve this without causing leaks! Fornew builds or where reroofing is plannedBuilding Integrated PV (BIPV) is oftenused. The BIPV has a significantadvantage in that it is more aestheticallypleasing and generally more sympatheticto the look of a building.

Some points to have in mind• The modules work best when pointed atthe Sun so South facing is best

• Shading from trees or other buildings canreduce the system performanceconsiderably

• Though there is no smallest system inpractice you will need an area around8m2 or larger

• The life of the panels is in excess of 25years. Make sure your roof is in goodcondition and will be able to last at leastthis long

• PV modules can be quite heavy (as muchas 15Kg/m2)! Some roofs may not beable to take the weight without additionalstrengthening – if the modules andsupport frame increase the roof load by15% or more then a structural survey isusually required

How PV can be part of your life

Integrated PV - (Suntech BIPV)Agricultural building (Suntech modules)

N

S

EW

15Kg/m2


As a general rule a PV system will pay foritself in approximately 8 to 10 years. TheFIT, which guarantees a price for theelectricity you produce, lasts for 25 years(and is RPI – Retail Price Index – linked). Sotaking this 8 to 10 years to pay for thesystem then leaves effectively 15 years ofprofit. And remember all payments from theFIT are tax free!

Some maintenance is needed for anytechnology of this type, but for PV as thereare no moving parts this is typically verylittle. Cleaning of the modules can be

necessary from time to time (depending onlocation but typically once per year) butremember as the modules are on the roofthis will most likely have to be done by aprofessional.

The only part that is likely to need replacingduring the life of the PV system is theinverter. In some cases these areguaranteed for 25 years but if not (oftenonly guaranteed for 10 years) then youshould factor in replacing this part whichfortunately accounts typically for only some10% to 15% of the total installation cost.

An example of a domestic grid connected PV system

Size of system 2kWp (roughly 16m2 of roof space), retro fit, South facing no shading and located in the Midlands (based on

irradiation of 850 kWh/KWp per annum)

Cost of system including all system components and installation................. £8,500

Electricity generated per year ...................................................................... 1,700kWh

FIT income from generated electricity .......................................................... £700 per year

Export tariff payment (supplying electricity to the grid).................................. £25 per year

Electricity bill saving (assuming 50% home use, 14p/kWh) .......................... £119 per year

Income........................................................................................................ £844 per year

Lifetime (25 years) income ........................................................................... £21,100

The payment for the FIT is RPI linked and the income from the exported electricity along with the savings will in effect increase

this lifetime income. The detail of what the true return is on the initial investment needs to take into account other issues such

as the cost of the money used to buy the system. However, it can be seen from this example that the system pays for itself in

just over 10 years. The return on investment in the first year is just over 9.9%. Note there are some maintenance costs and

possible replacement of the inverter that are excluded from this example.

How does the economics of a PV system work out?


The two main technology types in commonuse are crystalline and thin film. One othertype, concentrated photovoltaic or CPV, isnoted for having one of the highestefficiencies (up to 50%) but requires mirrorsor such like to focus the light onto a small PVelement. This makes such technology reallyonly suitable for land based generatingsystems.

Crystalline PVCrystalline silicon cells are in the mainmanufactured by thinly slicing a large block ofsilicon. Two types of silicon block are used –

one having a single crystalline structure calledmonocrystalline (c-Si); the other having multi-crystal structure called polycrystalline (mc-Si).

Monocrystalline are slightly more efficientthan polycrystalline. A third type, Ribbonsilicon, is polycrystalline and is made bydrawing flat thin films from molten siliconavoiding the need to slice a silicon block.Typical module efficiencies range from 12%to 16% (where efficiency is compared to theenergy output from the Sun being 100%).

The cells (number depends on the modulesize) are connected together in “strings” andthen encapsulated against a thin glass sheet(with special anti reflective properties) to protectthem from rain, dirt etc. The encapsulationprevents water ingress and holds everythingtogether. A final framework supports the celland glass structure.

What types of PV are there and how are they made?

(Suntech)

Suntech development center, China

Silicon cell (Suntech)


Thin film PVThin film PV (TFPV) is made by depositingvery thin layers of materials onto a sheet orbacking/substrate. Materials used for thisbacking include glass, steel and plastic. Theadvantage with thin film is the manufacturingcost is lower than crystalline. However atpresent thin film offers lower efficiencies thancrystalline ranging typically from 7% to 10%.

There are 4 main types of thin filmmaterial used to make the PV effect:• Amorphous silicon (a-Si) and other thin-film

silicon (TF-Si)

• Cadmium Telluride (CdTe)

• Copper indium gallium (di)selenide (CIS or

CIGS)

• Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) and other

organic solar cells

Thin film (with backing) may be directlybonded to a glass cover sheet with a metalframe again producing a final module similarto crystalline. Alternatively the thin film canhave a flexible backing sheet such as steel orplastic and a clear plastic cover layer that canthen be mounted over curved surfaces.

Crystalline PV module during manufacture (Suntech)

Flexible thin film (Flexcell)


The PV modules and systems (manymodules) are rated in units of Wp meaningWatt (power) and peak. Typically this isdiscussed in units of 1,000 so kWp.

Generally all modules are tested underStandard Test Conditions (STC) so that allmodules and systems can easily becompared. (STC: irradiance of 1,000 W/m²,solar spectrum of AM 1.5 and moduletemperature of 25°C).

Converting the module or system intomeaningful power in terms of units ofelectricity (kWh) is quite straightforward.

The starting point is the level of irradiation inyour location. This is typically easiest to see inthe form of a map. In the example shown,this map is based on annual irradiation foroptimum angled PV panels (30 degrees). Two scales are included: the top shows theirradiation over the country (kWh/m2) and thelower one a factor which can be used toconvert the module/system power to actualunits of electricity (kWh/kWp) based on aperformance ratio of 0.75 (75%).

At its simplest, one can take a location (sayManchester) and let’s say this is 800kWh/kWp. So a 2 kWp PV system willproduce 2 x 800 or 1,600 kWh of electricityper annum.

The performance ratio of 75% is anestimation of efficiency for a typical fixedinstallation (the modules are not tracking theSun). There are also many other influencesthat can affect the final output you canexpect. In most cases a roof will not be at theoptimum angle or perfectly South facing.There may be some shading and lossesbecause of say a hill or such like obstructingthe Sun close to sunrise and sunset.

To get the best estimation of what you canexpect from a PV system at your locationconsult with a MCS approved installer who willbe able to advise you. (see BPVA website).

How do I estimate the likely output from a PV system?

Genk Town Hall installation Belgium (Suntech modules)

Utility Greece (Suntech modules)



In order to benefit from the FIT (Feed In Tariff)the Governmental department DECC(Department of Energy and Climate Change)has stipulated that for all domestic installations(below 50kWp) the installation has to becarried out by an MCS accredited installerusing MCS approved system components.MCS – Microgeneration Certification Scheme- is a standard of compliance to meet theGovernment criteria for eligibility to accessfinancial incentives such as the FIT.

So the first step towards installing a PVsystem is choosing an MCS approvedsystem installer. One advantage is thatunder existing Inland Revenue rulings theVAT charged for the system (parts andinstallation) is only rated at 5% VAT wheninstalled by a VAT registered installer. Theinstaller will assess your property andprovide a quotation for installing a systemalong with a projection for the amount ofelectricity this will produce.

• How many systems have they installed inyour area and can you see one? If youcan speak to the customer and find outhow happy they were with the installationand especially how happy they are withthe power the system provides and doesthis match well with what they were toldthey could expect?

• Are they fully insured to undertake thiswork? What happens if one of theirworkers has an accident? Fitting themodules onto a roof requires specialtraining and compliance with H&S(Health and Safety) regulations.

• What guarantee do they offer? Typicallythere are two types: a product warrantyfor 5 or more years and a performanceguarantee (typically 80% output after 25years). The inverter may only beguaranteed for 10 years or so thoughsome can now be guaranteed for up to25 years. If less then make sure to factorin replacement costs!

• What maintenance services do theyoffer? Roof mounted PV modules canget dirty (bird droppings, general dustetc.) and these can often be very difficultif not impossible for a home owner tosafely clean. Make sure this is includedas an aftercare service and factor in thecost.

I like PV, what do I need to do next?

These are a few guidelines in selecting your MCS approved installer

!


Planning permission is typically not neededthough in some cases (Listed Building,restricted area such as an Area ofOutstanding Natural Beauty) planningpermission may be required. Your installershould be able to help here but if in any doubtconsult with your local planning authority.

As far as financing goes to buy your PVsystem there are a number of options. Youcan simply buy this outright or at the otherend of the spectrum packages are availablewhere you in effect “rent” your roof spaceand you get the savings of the electricityyou use from the PV system and theperson supplying the system gets themoney from the FIT. In some cases in thelatter scenario, the system can also transferto your ownership after a defined paymenthas been made from the FIT.

Residential installation Germany (Suntech modules)

San Francisco Airport installation (Suntech modules)

Solar Farm, Alamosa USA (Suntech modules)

Now you have read Power from the Sun the BPVA are sure you will want to know evenmore. From locating an MCS approved installer close to you, through to the latest news onthe FIT and much more visit www.bpva.org.uk/powerfromthesun

The BPVA thanks Suntech for their vision in supporting the production and distribution of thisinformative and educational booklet. Without their support this project would not have been possible.


AC Alternating Current. The standard form ofelectricity supplied through the grid tohomes/factories etc.

BIPV Building Integrated PV. Typically this is wherethe PV is an integral part of the roof system.Removing the BIPV would allow the weather in (rainetc)!

Blocking diodes Devices to prevent cell damageand reduce power loss when a module is in shade.

BPVA The British Photovoltaic Association. A nonprofit making association dedicated to PV in the UK.

CO2 Carbon Dioxide gas. What is now recognised bymost experts as the main cause of climate change.

DC Direct Current (like a battery). The raw outputfrom a PV module.

DECC Government department. The Department ofEnergy and Climate Change.

DNO Distribution Network Operator (or can be DSO– Distribution System Operator or even TSO –Transmission System Operator). The company thatdelivers the electricity to the home.

EPC Engineering Procurement Contractor – acompany who undertakes a full service installation(usually this term is used for larger commercialcontracts).

FIT Feed In Tariff (clean energy cashback). A methodto encourage the uptake of renewable energy suchas PV where payments are made for small scaleelectricity production.

Grid The distribution network that delivers electricitythroughout the country.

Grid parity The point at which an electricity sourcesuch as PV matches the price from regular electricitysupplies.

Inverter The device that takes the DC power fromthe PV system and converts this to AC.

Irradiation The amount of energy coming from theSun. This varies depending on where you are (thefurther South in the UK the higher the value) andtypically assumes a 30% angle (from flat) for a PVmodule. The units are usually shown for PV systemsas kWh per kWp per annum.

Isolation switch A device (switch) to disconnect themodules from the inverter during maintenance etc. Afuse box is often part of this assembly.

k kilo meaning 1,000.

kWh A unit of electricity – typically what you arecharged in.

kWh/kWp/annum The irradiation value used tocalculate how much you can expect from a PVsystem.

kWp The unit used to specify the output from a PVmodule or system (Kilo Watt peak).

MCS Microgeneration Certification Scheme. Installerand system components have to be MCS certified toallow payment of the FIT for domestic (<50kWp)systems.

Module A PV system comprising typically a numberof solar cells in strings (also called a solar panel).

p peak.

Photovoltaic PV for short. The process of makingelectricity from the Sun. Derived from photo meaninglight and volt being a unit of electromotive force.

PV Short for photovoltaic.

Renewable When used in the context of renewableenergy means an energy that comes from a naturalsource such as the Sun, wind and tide – they arenaturally replenished.

RPI Retail Price Index. A measure of the change incost of living expressed as a % compared to theprevious year.

SAP Standard Assessment Procedure. In variousforms used to determine the energy efficiency ofhomes (eg SAP 2005).

Solar cell A building block of a PV module – asemiconductor PV generator (typically silicon).

STC Standard Test Conditions. Allows PV modulesand systems to be compared. Irradiance of 1,000W/m², solar spectrum of AM 1.5 and moduletemperature of 25°C.

String A linking of multiple solar cells inside a module.

W Watt – unit of power.

Jargon busting


Suntech – The world’s largest manufacturerof photovoltaic modules

Solar modules are the “heart and soul” of any PV installation. If

you want to be certain that the modules you choose are

amongst the best available, there is only one logical choice:

Suntech.

One out of every 10 PV modules installed world-wide is

produced by Suntech. With 3 gigawatt of installed capacity in

80 countries, Suntech modules have produced enough energy

to replace three nuclear power plants.

Whether domestic residence, agricultural building, industrial

facility, or solar power plant, Suntech Power offers the highest

possible quality solar modules: durable, reliable – and cost-

effective. In short: Suntech offers the best price/performance

ratio and long-term yields for all types of solar installation.

Suntech offers performance, reliability and warranty terms

above the basic industry standard. As well as world-class

research and development capabilities, state-of-the-art

production processes and subsidiaries on every continent, the

company offers its customers the following benefits:

• Reliability: Suntech solar modules are produced according

to the highest technical standards using top quality

components. These products are guaranteed for better

performance over time, backed up by an industry-leading,

25-year transferable warranty.

• Quality: Suntech solar modules are tested more rigorously

than is required by international standards, providing the

reassurance of higher product reliability and substantially

better safety levels.

• Innovation: With a world class team of 400 researchers and

developers, Suntech is continuously improving its products

for better performance.

• Support: A global network of local staff and partners means

on-the-spot support at any time.

• Peace of Mind: Suntech’s solid financial foundation, which

has led to international success and market leadership,

offers long-term security.

All Suntech products are independently tested so they all carry

the trusted certification marks of TUV, UL, CE, IEC and, of

course, are MCS-certified for the UK market.

For more information about Suntech please visit

http://www.suntech-power.com

The British Photovoltaic Association - BPVA

The British Photovoltaic Association is the UK’s industry

trade association dedicated to photovoltaic energy. The

BPVA provides a credible and representative platform for

the entire PV industry.

Our mission is to ensure that photovoltaic energy

establishes itself as the leading renewable energy source in

the UK, providing significant environmental and monetary

benefits.

The primary objectives of the BPVA are:

Education Bring about increased awareness of the

potential for PV throughout the UK from the consumer to

Government (regional and national).

Inward investment and growth Assist both UK based and

overseas members in their business development in the

UK, resulting in job creation in the UK PV industry.

Policy To take part and influence policy and regulatory

forums, working to create frameworks for PV power

development and adoption. To engage with DECC and

other UK Government departments to ensure the PV

industry receives appropriate attention. To represent the

interests of the UK PV market on the international stage.

Key facts behind the BPVA:

• A fully independent non profit making association 100%

dedicated to photovoltaic in the UK

- Focusing on the technology and application of PV

- An ambassador for PV both in the UK and representing

home interests internationally

- No favour: all members treated equally

• Dedicated to make the most of the UK market for PV

- Educate and inform the consumer and other user groups

- Stimulate interest in PV in a broad range of applications

- A catalyst to investment – both indigenous and from

abroad

• Dynamic management

- Streamlined structure to react fast to market demands

- Close contact to members through Board level

representation

- Proactive; driving force behind PV in the UK

For more information about the BPVA please visit

www.bpva.org.uk


BPVA Members Showroom

The Building Centre26 Store Street

LondonWC1E 7BT

Monday to Friday9.30 am - 6.00 pm

Saturday10.00 am - 5.00 pm

tthheeSSuunn

•• ppoowweerr

ffrroomm tthhee SSuunn •• ppoowweerr ffrroomm tthhee SSuunn •• ppoowweerr ffrroomm tthhee SSuunn •• ppoower from the S

un •power

from the Sun • power from

Published by the British Photovoltaic Association (BPVA). Kindly supported by Suntech Europe. 1st edition © 2011 BPVAThough every effort has been taken to ensure accuracy in this document the BPVA cannot take any responsibility for errors. Incentives such as FITs can change with time. Please consult www.bpva.org.uk/powerfromthesun for any updates.


Date post:	29-Mar-2016
Category:	Documents
Upload:	emily-keal
View:	224 times
Download:	2 times

Power from the sun

Documents