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Power Plant Engineeing
MechanicalEngineering
PPE
Dr. M Varaprasada Rao
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WELCOMEMY DEAR STUDENTS AT GIET
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POWER PLANT ENGINEERING
An Introduction byDr. Varaprasada Rao
1/19/15 3Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
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1/19/15 4Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
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THE PRINCIPAL INVOLVED IN THE CLASSICAL
POWER PLANT
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Sources of electricity
generated
Gas power plants 10%
Coal fuel plants !.!%"il 0.#%
$ydro electric &.'%
(uclear .#%
Renewable energy
sources '.'%
1/19/15 !Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
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Gas power plantsGas)based plants* are en+iron,entally friendly
unli-e coal or petroleu,)based feedstoc- li-enapta
Acid rain content lower tan tose generated bycoal)based plants
Deterrent(ot too popular in India al,ost '0% of natural gas
re/uire,ents for power plants about 11& ,illion tonnesare i,ported
Re/uire,ent ,et troug i,ports are troug ostileterritories
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India
India is one of te world4s largest consu,er ofenergy
Con+entional sources5 2er,al* $ydro and
(uclear.(on) con+entional5 6ind* solar* Geoter,al*
tidal.
Installed capacity 7 1*81*!96
2er,al : 95151.796(uclear : &*1096
$ydro : !"#77.7"96
RE$ % 1!&&.196
Annual power production 7 8;0 billion <6$
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=rea- up of 3ower 2er,al 3ower 3lants 7 '%
$ydro >lectric 3ower 3lants ) 1%
(uclear 3ower 3lants ) &%
Installed wind power Generation 7 #896
!0% to &0% of electrical power is lost intrans,ission and distribution
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SS2>9
S2R?C2?R> "@ 3"6>R
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S2R?C2?R> "@ 3"6>RSS2>93ower syste, owned by state
electricity boards.
3ri+ate sector utilities operate in
9u,bai* <ol-ata* A,edabadRegional electricity boards 7
(ortern* Soutern* >astern* 6estern*
(ort)eastern.3ower Grid corporation) Central.
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2er,al 3ower 3lantsInstalled Capacity 7 #!*!#.8&96
1. Coal based 7 ''*&;.;;96
. Gas =ased 7 1&*'!&.0196!. "il =ased 7 11##.'96
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General Bayout of 2er,al 3owerStation
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9ain Co,ponents@uel $andling ?nit
As $andling ?nit
=oiler ?nit
@eed 6ater ?nit
Cooling 6ater ?nit
Generator ?nit
2urbine ?nit
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9ain Circuit@uel And As Circuit
Air And Gas Circuit
@eed 6ater And Stea, Circuit
Cooling 6ater Circuit
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@uel And As Circuit@uel stored and fed to te boiler troug
con+eyor belts. =ro-en down into propersape for co,plete burning.
As tus generated after burning is re,o+edfro, te boiler troug as andlinge/uip,ent
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Air And Gas CircuitAir is re/uired for co,bustion of fuel and is
supplied troug fans
Air is passed troug air preeater to etractenergy fro, ue gases for proper burning ofte fuel
@lue gases a+e as and se+eral gases wic
are passed troug te precipitatordustcollector and go to at,ospere trougci,ney.
@ 6 t A St
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@ee 6ater An Stea,CircuitStea, Con+erted to water by condenser.6ater is de,ineraliEed F ence not wasted to
a+e better econo,ic operation of te plant.
So,e part of stea, and water is lost wile
passing troug dierent parts.=oiler feed pu,p feeds water into te boiler
dru, were it is eated to for, stea,.
6et stea, is again eated in super eaterbefore passing troug te turbine
Stea, is epanded in te turbine to run it.After wic again it goes to boiler for reeating
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Cooling 6ater Circuit
2o condensate te stea,* large /uantity ofcooling water is re/uired wic is ta-en fro,ri+er or pondage
After passing troug te condenser* it is fedbac- to te ri+er or 3ondage
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1/19/15 Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC #$
il
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=oiler
bi
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2urbine
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2urbine 7 @ull View
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>cono,iEer
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1/19/15 Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC #"
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1/19/15 Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC 31© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,1998
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Coal @ired Stea, Generator Syste,
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3ri,iti+e 9etod of solid Co,bustion
Pr&'ar( A&r
S)*o+dar( A&r ,-a')
r))+ Coa-
I+*a+d)s*)+ *o0)
ra)
COCO#N#H#
V2COCO#N#H#
O#CO#N#H#O
ASH
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To'()ee* +'*ra)t co,-+tor
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3ysics of @ied =ed Co,bustion
A bed of sto-er)siEed coal particles is supported by agrate.
Air ows upwards troug te grate and te fuel bed.
?pon eating* coal particles Hrst undergo a stage of 2er,al preparation.
>+aporation of 9oisture drying.Distillation of V9 3yrolosis
3roduction of enoug V9 to start ignition.
Co,bustion of car.
2e coal ows slowly downward at a +elocity Vs* as te
coal burns out in te lower layer of te bed.
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Auto,ation in @uel =ed Co,bustionAlso called 9ecanical Sto-ers.
2ra+elling Grate Sto-er
Cain Grate Sto-er
Spreader Sto-er
Vibrating Sto-er
?nderfeed Sto-er
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2ra+elling Grate Sto-er
Boiler type: natural circulation
Firing method: stoker fired
Max. continuous rating:9,7 kg/s
Steam temperature outlet:450°C
Steam pressure outlet: 4,0 Mpa
Gross efficiency: 87
Fuel type: Bitu!inous coal
Net calorific value: "# M$/kg
%&'()*(' %-.(' '(* B-1('
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%&'()*('+%-.(' '(* B-1('
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$oli* )+el( /re* -oiler 0te,
2yp ca S Ee D str ut on Coa or Sto er@
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@urnace
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Closing Re,ar-s on Grate @iring
2e Hrst li,it on grate Hring is tat of scale.
A practical engineering li,it see,s to be reaced wente lengt and widt of te grate are about # , witgrate area ;0 ,.
At 96,* te stea, capacity at ;% eJciency wouldbe 10 96 or '0 tons per our.
In practice sto-ers a+e rarely eceeded a capacity of1! tonsour.
2e li,itation is partly grate area and partly Hringdensity.
2e li,itation on Hring density eist due to5 2e rate of ,o+e,ent of te reaction plane could not
,atc te opposed rate of fuel ow leading to blow)o.
2e eperience wit grate co,bustion led tode+elop,ent of ,any re/uire,ents for furter
de+elop,ent.
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3ara,eters for Co,bustion Re/uire,ents
$eat Release RateVolu,etric Co,bustion IntensityArea Co,bustion Intensity>ecti+e Reactor $eigtCoal @iring DensityArea @iring Density3roducts of co,bustion VelocityAir VelocityCo,bustion ti,e3article $eating Rate$eat 2ransfer @lues$eat ecange surface area per unit cross sectional area
of co,bustion ca,ber* φ
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$eat Release Rate 5 A Capacity Bi,it
9ost co,,on Grate Hred furnace K !0 96.
9ai,u, obtained K 10 96.
9ai,u, 3ower Generation Capacity K 0 96
@uture 3roLected Re/uire,ent K !000 96
@iring Densities Bi,its 5 An "pti,al Coice
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@iring Densities Bi,its 5 An "pti,al Coice
@iring densities are epressed in two ways5
A +olu,etric co,bustion intensity* Iv.
$ig +alue of Iv
:
Compact furnace Low Capital cost Less time for combustion
Bow Values of I+
Bulky furnace
More time for combustion Low Running Cost
Area @iring Intensity* I A $ig +alue of I A Sleek furnace
ig!er combustion "emperatures Better Ignition
Bow Value of I A #oor Ignition $at furnace
Low %o &
Soli' As!
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3ul+eriEed @uel Co,bustion
In+ented in 1#0.An uni+ersal coice for power plants till 1##0.
@ine particles of coal K ' ,icrons.
Surface area 5 10 ,-g.
$uge eat release per unit area 5 7 96,.
Stea, generation 5 000 tonsour.
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@luid 9ecanics of Solid =eds
∆p
V)-o*&(
Sa&* )dD(+a'&* )d
,-oa&+ )d
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Interacti+e Co,bustion of 3C 3articles
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Interacti+e Co,bustion of 3C 3articles
,or a+ &so-a)d par&*-) a sp6)r&*a-
)+7)-op) f-a') &s for')d aro8+d 6)
par&*-).T6) f-a') a*s as a s&+0 for f8)- a+d ox()+
a+d as a so8r*) for 6)r'a- )+)r(.
If a+o6)r 8r+&+ par&*-) &s ro86 +)ar
6) par&*-) 6) CO r)-)as)d ( 6)
par&*-)s *o'p))s for ox()+ 'o-)*8-)s.
,8r6)r 6) &+)rs&&a- )'p)ra8r) a+d
sp)*&)s prof&-)s ar) a-so aff)*)d.
A so') po&+ 6) f-a')s s8rro8+d&+ )a*6
par&*-) :&-- ')r) a+d a *o''o+ f-a') &sfor')d aro8+d 6) par&*-)s.
If 'or) par&*-)s ar) ro86 +)ar 6)+ a
*o''o+ f-a') 'a( ) for')d aro8+d a+
arra( or *-o8d of par&*-)s.
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Nowadays, the environment protection has
become a crucial problem and theauthorities are requested to set increasingly
more stringent limits , one of which is the
emissions from the industrial plants of solid particulate and other gaseous pollutants .
ABOUT ELECTROSTATIC
PRECIPITATOR
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ABOUT ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a widely
used device in so many different domainsto remove the pollutant particulates,
especially in industrial plants.
What is ESP
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!" ESP "!#$S
%enerally, the processes of
electrostatic precipitator are &nown as
three main stages' particle charging,
transport and collection.
Main process of ESP
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Schematic of wire-plate ESP
Schematic of wire-plate electrostatic
precipitator
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Mechanism of ESP
Mechanism of electrostatic precipitator
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PROCESS O Particle char!in!
Particle charging is the first and
foremost beginning in processes.
s the voltage applied on precipitator
reach threshold value, the space inside
divided into ioniation region and driftregion.
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The electric field magnitude around the
negative electrode is so strong that the
electrons escape from molecule.
Under the influence of electric field, the positive
ions move towards the corona, while the
negative ions and electrons towards thecollecting plates.
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Particle transport
*n the moving way, under the influence ofelectric field, negative ions cohere and charge the
particles, ma&e the particles be forced towards
collecting+plate.
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Particle collection
As soon as the particles reach the plate,
they will be neutralied and pac!ed by
the succeeded ones subse"uently. Thecontinuous process happens, as a result,
particles are collected on the collecting
plate.
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Coal 9iningSurface 9ining
Strip 9ining
?nderground 9ining
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Coal 3ower 3lant "peration Stea, 2urbine Generator
Is a series of steam t#r$ines interconnecte" to each other an"then a !enerator
Stea, Condenser Steam enters from the t#r$ine !enerator an" is p#mpe" into
the $ottom of the con"enser' where p#mps rec%cle thecon"ense" steam from the fee"water
Stac- Releases process emissions&
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Coal 3ower 3lant "peration
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Coal 3ower Cheap
Cheaper per #nit ener!% than oil or nat#ral !as
Will contin#e to $e an important !lo$al reso#rce
A$#n"ance Coal is the worl"0s most a$#n"ant fossil f#el
S#fficient reser(es for the ne1t 234 %ears
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Coal
3owerEfficienc%
Lar!er power plants are more efficient
567 of the chemical ener!% is con(erte" to ener!%
Safe safest fossil f#el to transport' store an" #se
scr#$$ers
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Coal 3ower )diJcultiesCoal)@ired 3ower 3lants are te largestcontributor of aEardous air pollutants.
o Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
o Nitrogen Oxide (NOx)
o Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
o Mercury
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>ects on teen+iron,ent and $u,an ealt
CO2 8 car$on "io1i"e poll#tion' ma,in! ener!% #se the sin!le lar!est
so#rce of !reenho#se !ases in the U&S& an" the worl"
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>ects on te en+iron,ent and
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$u,an ealt 9O1
When nitro!en o1i"e chemicall%/ reacts with (olatile or!anic
compo#n"s :OC0s/ an" s#nli!ht !ro#n"-le(el o)one or smo! is
forme"&
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>ects on te en+iron,ent and
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$u,an ealt
Merc#r% One of the most "an!ero#s poll#tants release" into the
air thro#!h the e1ha#st s%stem when coal is $#rne"&
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@uture of Coal>cono,y
"ur econo,y relies on coal i,portation andeportation
2e de,and for coal usage to pro+ide electricity willcontinue to grow
1/19/15 %4Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
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@uture of Coal Clean coal tecnology A new !eneration of coal-$#rnin! power plants with ener!% processes that
re"#ce air emissions an" other poll#tants& Clean Air Acts
Coal power plants technolo!%
m#st a"apt to the chan!in!
political climate towar"s
en(ironmental iss#es&
1/19/15 %5Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
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2er,al Stea, 3ower plants
,ainly consists of & circuitsCoal and as Circuit Coal produced in te ,ining site is
transported to power plant site
Coal andling e/uip,ent for generation ofstea,
2e co,bustion of coal produces as wic iscollected and re,o+ed to as storage yard
troug as andling e/uip,ents
1/19/15 %!Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
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Air and gas circuit @D or ID fans are used for supply te air to
co,bustion ca,ber of te boiler troug
air)preeater 2e air preeater is placed in te pat of ue
gases to preeat te air 2e ue gases produced by co,bustion of
fuels in te boiler furnaces after passing
around boiler tubes and super eater tubes 3ass troug a dust collector or precipitator
were ,ost of dust is re,o+ed before+enting it of to at,ospere troug ci,ney
1/19/15 %"Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
@eed water and stea, circuit5
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3ri,e ,o+er de+elops power by utiliEingstea, generated in te boiler
2en condenser is used to condense testea, co,ing out of pri,e ,o+er
A pu,p is used to feed te condensate to teboiler
2e condensate lea+ing te condenser iseated in feed eaters troug etractedstea, fro, lowest pressure etraction pointof te turbine
2e feed water ,ay also be supplied fro,
eternal source to co,pensate any loss ofstea, and water. In te boiler sell and tubes water circulation
is setup due to density dierence of waterbetween low and ig te,perature sections
A super eater is used to super eat te wet1/19/15 %%Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
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1/19/15 Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC 9$
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plant
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p
Co,bustion of fuel is acco,plised by
,iing wit air at ele+ated te,peratures"ygen in te air ce,ically unites wit
Carbon* $ydrogen of fuels and produce eat
In ter,al power plants nor,ally stea, isproduced fro, water by using co,bustioneat of fuels >cept in Gas turbines
Various fuels were used in ter,al power
plants@ossil fuels Coal* "il F Gas
Industrial waste gases
Syntetic fuels or S(@?>BS 1/19/15 9#Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
Coal
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CoalCoal i the 'rinci'al energ0 o+rce )or In*ia -eca+e
o) it large *e'oit an* aaila-ilit0
Coal originate* )ro, egeta-le ,atter2 which grew,illion o) 0ear ago
Tree an* 'lant )alling into water *eca0e* an* later'ro*+ce* 'eat -og
3+ge geological +'heaal -+rie* thee -og +n*erla0er o) ilt
$+-terranean heat2 oil 're+re an* ,oe,ent o)earth4 cr+t *itille* o o,e o) the -og4 ,oit+rean* har*ene* it to )or, coal
6aicall0 clai/cation o) coal i -ae* on Ph0icalan* che,ical co,'oitionPeatLignite an* -rown coal6it+,ino+ coal
Anthracite1/19/15 93Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
Coal analysis
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Coa a a ys s 2wo types of coal analysis
Proi,ate Anal0i Gi+es5 =ea+ior of coal wen eated
8C :M M A % 1;;< -0 ,a
=lti,ate Anal0i
Gi+es5 ce,ical ele,ents along wit as and ,oistureC 3 ; N $ M A % 1;;< -0 ,a
based on
a as)recei+ed basis useful for co,bustion calcu
b dry or ,oisture free basis
c dry ,ineral),atter)free or co,bustible basis
1/19/15 94Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
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Coal properties 2ere are certain properties of coal* wic arei,portant in power plant applications
2ey are
sulpur content*eating +alueas softening te,perature swelling inde
grind ability*weater ability*
1/19/15 95Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
Desirable properties of coal $ig caloriHc +alue
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g ca o c a ue
S,all sulpur content les tan 1%
Good burning caracteristics for co,pleteco,bustion
$ig grind)ability inde
$ig weater)ability
Grading of coal done on te basis$eating +alue
SiEe
As content
Sulpur content
As softening te,perature
1/19/15 9!Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
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3eat
Bow grade coal
@irst stage coal for,ation
Contains #0% ,oisture
S,all a,ount of +olatile ,atter
(ot suitable for power plants
?sed in do,estic purposes
Re/uires 1) ,onts for drying in sunligt
3eat 0% water* Dried as CV of 18 9M -g
1/19/15 9"Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
Bignite =rown coal
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g Inter,ediate stage of coal de+elop,ent
$ig a,ount of ,oisture !0)&0%=rown in color
$ig eating +alue and carbon co,pared topeat
Sould be stored to a+oid spontaneousco,bustion
?sed in pul+eriEed for,
Can be air dried easily
Suitable for local use instead of transporting
1/19/15 9%Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
=itu,inous coal
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Containing &8);8% of Hed carbon and 0)&0%of V9
As content ,ay +ary 8)1 %
$ig percentage of +olatile ,atter CV of ! 9M <g
A+ailable in two for,s CA<I(G and ("( Ca-ingSub)=itu,inous is a+ing less ,oisture* as
tan lignite and no CA<I(G power* used inbri/uette or pul+eriEed for,
Se,i)=itu,inous coal ig carbon and eating+alue* contain less ,oisture* as* sulpur* FV9*$as tendency to brea- into pieces
1/19/15 99Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
Antracite Coals
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Contains ,ore tan ;8% Hed carbon FV9 around;%
Ignites slowly as ig CV of !8 9M <gBow as* Eero CA<I(G power
DiJcult to pul+eriEe Antracite coal
1/19/15 1$$Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
Bi/uid fuels
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2ey are easy to andle* store and to burn 2ey a+e nearly constant eating +alues 2ey are pri,arily a ,iture of ydrocarbon
co,pounds* wic ,ay also contain nitrogen* oygenand sulpur
2e bul- of te ydrocarbons belong to te paraJnseries* li-e ,etane C$&* etane C$8 propaneC!$; and butane C&$10 wic are gaseous* andpentane C$1 eane C8$1& and octane C;$1;wic are li/uid at S23
In addition* tere can be isoparaJns* cycloparaJns and1/19/15 1$1Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
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Gaseous fuels
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Gaseous ue s 2ransportation of natural gas is ,ade troug
pipelines
(atural gas is te cleanest of all fossil fuelsIt is free fro, as and ,ies well wit air to
undergo co,plete co,bustion producing +erylittle s,o-e
It consists of a ,iture of te ,ost +olatileparaJns),etane to pentaneIt as ig ydrogen content and produces a
considerable a,ount of water +apour wenburned
2e eat of co,bustion +aries fro, !!. to &09M,!
Since te ,aLor constituent of all natural gasesis ,etane
Bi uid natural as B(G is trans orted b1/19/15 1$3Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
"ter fuelsIn* trial Wate > 6 'ro* ct
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In*+trial Wate > 60'ro*+ct
blast furnace gas* co-e o+en gas* and reHnery gas
sugar factory refuse bagasseO saw ,ill wood dust*rice us-
$0nthetic )+el
Gaseous and li/uid fuels fro, coal econo,ically
and en+iron,ent friendly ,anner
Li?+i* )+el +ing ,it+re o) /ne coal in oilhae -een @nown a colloi*al )+el2 coal(in(oilan* ,ore recentl02 coal(oil ,it+re COMB
1/19/15 1$4Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
Coal andling
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o o
C H. P
1/19/15 1$5Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
C l C h
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Coal Cr+her
1.Ring 2ype Coal Cruser
.$a,,er 9ill Coal Cruser
!.=rad @ord =rea-er
1/19/15 1$!Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
Ri 2 C l C
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Ring 2ype Coal Cruser
1/19/15 1$"Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
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$a,,er 9ill Coal Cruser
1/19/15 1$%Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
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"3>RA2I"( 2e coal is fed at te top
Is crused by te action of rings tat pi+ot ocentre on a rotor or by swinging a,,ers
attaced to itAdLustable screen bars deter,ine te
,ai,u, siEe of te discarged coal
1/19/15 1$9Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
=rad @ord =rea-er
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=rad @ord =rea-er=radford brea-er wic is used for largecapacity wor-
It consists of a large cylinder ,ade up of
perforated steel plates to wic lifting sel+es are attaced on te inside 2e cylinder rotating slowly at about 0 rp,
recei+es coal at one end
2e sel+es lift te coal up and ten te coaldrops down by gra+ity
1/19/15 111Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
C - ti E i t
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Co,-+tion E?+i',ent
)or L+,'e* coal -+rning
1. Grate)Hred furnaces
. Ca,ber)type or a,e furnaces
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Grate
1/19/15 113Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
Ca,ber type
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yp
1/19/15 114Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
Co,-+tion E?+i',ent 8or
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Co,-+tion E?+i',ent 8or
6+rning Coal @uel bed furnaces coarse particles
3ul+eriEed coal furnaces Hne particles
Cyclone furnaces crused particles
@luidiEed bed furnaces crused s,allparticles
1/19/15 115Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
@uel bed furnaces coarse particles
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2ere are two ways of feeding coal on to tegrate
1. "+erfeeding
. ?nderfeeding
1/19/15 11!Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
"+erfeeding
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g
1/19/15 11"Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
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"+erfeedingRecei+es fres coal fro, top surface asfollowing distinct Eones@res or green coal
Coal losing ,oisture Drying EoneCo-ing layer loosing of V9 Distillation Eone
Incandescent co-e @ied carbon is consu,edCo,bustion Eone
As layer progressi+ely cooled
1/19/15 11%Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
"perations
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3ri,ary air gets war,ed up as it ows troug
te as layerAs it passes troug te incandescent co-e
layer100 C Carbon con+erted to Carbondioide releasing eat continues till oygen isconsu,ed* if layer is tic- C" is con+erted toC" reducing layer te,perature water gasreaction also ta-es
2e strea, wile passing troug distillationEone V9 is added
In distillation Eone ,oisture is added
<now strea, contains1/19/15 119Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
@or co,bustion of tis
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strea,A ot ignition point In te range of 1000)1!00oCDone by pro+iding a Hre bric- lined arc wic
stores up te eat and re,ains at igte,perature
SuJcient fres airSecondary air or o+er)Hre air
2urbulence3ro+iding secondary air at rigt angles to up)
owing gas strea, e,erging out of fuel bed
1/19/15 1#$Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
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ResultsCarbon is in C"* C" bot are color less
Carbon wit ydrogen in V9 wic will becrac-ed to for, free carbon at ig
te,perature suspended in gas strea,If =urner is not designed properly or operated
properly leads to unburnt carbon particles tisappears as blac- s,o-e on ci,ney top
1/19/15 1#1Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
?nderfeeding
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?nderfeeding
1/19/15 1##Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
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?nderfeedingIn underfeeding coal is fed fro, below3ri,ary air passing troug oles in
tuyeres diuses troug spaces in te raw
green coal pic-ing up ,oistureIn distillation Eone to strea, V9 is addedIn incandescent Eone V9 brea-s readily
burns wit secondary air present abo+e it
were it is fed fro, topV9 burning is so,ewat cooler need
longer ti,e to ignite and burn
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9ecanical Sto-ers"+erfeeding
1. 2ra+eling grate sto-er
. Cain grate sto-er
!. Spreader sto-er&. Vibrating grate sto-er
?nderfeed sto-er
. Single retort
8. 9ultiretort
1/19/15 1#4Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
2ra+eling grate sto-er
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1/19/15 1#5Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
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2ra+eling grate sto-erGrate surface is ,ade up of Cast Iron bars Loined togeter by lin-s to for, endless belt=elt wound around two sproc-ets
A coal gate regulates te dept of fuel bedSi,ultaneous adLust,ent of @uel bed
tic-ness* pri,ary air ow controls teburning rate so tat at te end of its rear as
only re,ains
1/19/15 1#!Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
Ad+antages F
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gDisad+antagesSi,ple and Initial cost is low
Reliable in ser+ice and ,aintenance is low
Gi+es ig rate of eat release per +olu,eof te furnace
Bi,ited coal can be carried on grate
Clin-er proble,s are co,,on
Ignition arces are re/uired 2ere is always so,e loss in te for, of
particles
1/19/15 1#"Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
Spreader sto-er
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Spreader sto-er
1/19/15 1#%Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
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Spreader sto-erCoal fro, opper is fed by rotating feeder@eeder nor,ally will a+e =lades Htted on
te dru,
@ine particles burn in suspensionSpeed of te feeder +aries wit te stea,
output of boilerGrate is ,ade up of CI bars* Bin-s
underneat te grate are connected to ale+er@uels used ,ay be =itu,inous* lignite*
wood waste* baggaseCoal siEe used in 8)!8 c,
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?nderfeed sto-ers
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9ultiple retort
1/19/15 13#Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
syste,
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=owl 9ill
1/19/15 134Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
=owl 9ill
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1/19/15 135Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
=all and Race ,ill
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Disad+antages
1. Added in+est,ent in coal preparation unit
. Added power needed for pul+eriEing coal
!. In+est,ent needed to re,o+e y as before illfan
&. Barge +olu,e of furnaces needed to per,itdesired eat release and to witstand ig gaste,perature
1/19/15 13%Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
A$3 3ANLING
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$D$TEMMechanical 3an*ling $0te,
30*ra+lic Ah 3an*ling $0te,
Low :elocit0 $0te,
3igh :elocit0 $0te,Pne+,atic Ah 3an*ling $0te,
$tea, et $0te,
1/19/15 139Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
AS$ $A(DBI(G @B"6 DIAGRA9
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1/19/15 14$Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
Mechanical 3an*ling $0te,
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Mechanical 3an*ling $0te,
1/19/15 141Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
30*ra+lic Ah 3an*ling $0te, l i $
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Low :elocit0 $0te,
1/19/15 14#Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
30*ra+lic Ah 3an*ling $0te, L : l it $ t
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Low :elocit0 $0te,
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30*ra+lic Ah 3an*ling $0te,
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0* a+ c a * g $0 e3igh :elocit0 $0te,
1/19/15 144Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
Pne+,atic Ah 3an*ling
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g$0te,
1/19/15 145Prof. Varaprasada Rao Ex.NTPC
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2an- you