WELCOME

SUBMITTED BY

KEERTHI V SREG NO. 13303014

NATURAL SCIENCEMOUNT TABOR TRAINING

COLLEGE,PATHANAPURAM

The Human Ear and Hearing

Color-coded ~ three regions

How the Ear Works

Part I: Sound waves

enter the ear canal and vibrate against the tympanic membrane.

How the Ear Works

Part II: Sound passes through the tympanic membrane, vibrates the tiny bones of the ear, and is translated to a nerve impulse through the cochlea. The cochleus, in turn, sends sound impulses to the temporal lobe of the brain. The ear is also responsible for the sense of balance, which occurs within the vestibular apparatus. The vestibular apparatus translates information about the body's position to the brainstem.

Parts and more parts…

  1. Helix - The in-curve rim of the external ear

2. Antihelix - A landmark of the outer ear

3. Lobule - A landmark of the outer ear. The very bottom part of the outer ear

4. Crest of Helix - A landmark of the outer ear

5. ExternalAuditory Meatus - or External Auditory Canal. The auditory canal is the channel through which the sounds are led from the ear outside to the middle ear.

Parts is parts…

6. Eardrum - (tympanic membrane) A thin layer of skin at the end of the external ear canal

7. Auditory Ossicles - The three small bones in the middle ear, know as the hammer (malleus), anvil (incus) and stirrup (stapes) which are connected to one another. Together these ossicles are called the ossicular chain. Their purpose is to lead the sound striking the eardrum further into the inner ear

8. Oval Window - An opening in the bone between the air filled middle ear cavity and the fluid filled inner ear, and is covered by a thin membrane

Parts is parts…

9. Cochlea - Part of the inner ear that contains part of the hearing organs.

10. Semicircular Canals - Part of the organ of balance that is part of the inner ear

11. Eighth (VIII) Nerve - Nerve that transmits messages from the inner ear to the brain.

12. Eustachian Tube - A tube connecting the middle ear cavity and the pharynx (back of the throat). It can be opened by coughing or swallowing, though it is normally closed. The occasional opening of the Eustachian tube is necessary to equalize the are in the middle ear cavity

Parts is parts…

The middle ear

Three Bones of the Ear

The ear ossicles are the smallest bones in the human body and are housed within the tympanic cavity.

They are named for their distinctive shapes -- malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup).

The dime placed next to them gives you a perspective of the size of the bones.

The inner ear

Cochlea

Organ of Corti

THANKS