7-9-2018 1 Robust water supply and water reuse in coastal areas SubSol Open Seminar Brussels, 29 August 2018 Dr. Gerard van den Berg (KWR) SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228 SUBSOL objective: establish a market breakthrough of subsurface water solutions as robust, effective, sustainable, and cost-efficient answers to the freshwater challenges in coastal areas worldwide. SUBSOL – bringing subsurface water solutions to the market SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228 Today’s objective: 1. bring together reuse experiences from the SUBSOL project, the European Union’s policies and reuse agenda , and experiences from end-users within and outside of Europe 2. contribute to the agenda for research, policy development and investments in the next decade Robust water supply and water reuse in coastal areas Today’s objective: bring together reuse experiences from the SUBSOL project, the European Union’s policies and reuse agenda , and experiences from end-users within and outside of Europe prospects for robust future water supply and water reuse in coastal areas, contributing to the agenda for research, policy development and investments in the next decade Robust water supply and water reuse in coastal areas SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228 13:30 – 13:45 Walk in and coffee 13:45 – 14:00 Welcome and today’s scope Gerard van den Berg (KWR) 14:00 – 14:20 Subsurface storage enabling water reuse, lessons learned from the SUBSOL project Klaasjan Raat (KWR) 14:20 – 14:40 Water reuse in the Europe: experiences from recent and ongoing EU projects Erik Pentimalli (EASME) 14:40 – 15:30 Experiences from European and int’l end-users, 4 pitches: - Dinteloord, the Netherlands (agriculture) - West-Flanders, Belgium (drinking water) - Maneadero Valley, Mexico (agriculture) - Recife, Brazil (drinking water) Piet Janmaat (TOM, D’oord) Alexander Vandenbohede (De Watergroep) Walter Daesslé (UABC) Suzana Gico Montenegro (UFPE) 15:30 – 15:40 Short break 15:40 – 16:25 Round table discussion: contributing to the EU agenda for research, policy development and investments Panelists: Christos Makropoulos (NTUA), Ronjon Chakrabarti (adelphi), Suzana Montenegro (UFPE), Walter Daesslé (UABC), Klaasjan Raat (KWR), European Commission Paul Jeffrey (Cranfield University; Water Reuse Europe) 16:25 – 16:40 Wrap up and main conclusions Gerard van den Berg (KWR) 16:40 – 17:30 Drinks reception Programme site visit, 30 August SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Transcript
7-9-2018
1
Robust water supply and water reuse
in coastal areas
SubSol Open Seminar
Brussels, 29 August 2018
Dr. Gerard van den Berg (KWR)
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
SUBSOL objective: establish a market breakthrough of subsurface water solutions as robust, effective, sustainable, and cost-efficient answers to the freshwater challenges in coastal areas worldwide.
SUBSOL – bringing subsurface water
solutions to the market
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Today’s objective: 1. bring together reuse experiences from the SUBSOL project, the European Union’s policies and reuse agenda, and experiences from end-users within and outside of Europe
2. contribute to the agenda for research, policy development and investments in the next decade
Robust water supply and water reuse in
coastal areas
Today’s objective: bring together reuse experiences from the SUBSOL project, the European Union’s policies and reuse agenda, and experiences from end-users within and outside of Europe
prospects for robust future water supply and water reuse in coastal areas, contributing to the agenda for research, policy development and investments in the next decade
Robust water supply and water reuse in
coastal areas
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
13:30 – 13:45 Walk in and coffee
13:45 – 14:00 Welcome and today’s scope Gerard van den Berg (KWR)
14:00 – 14:20 Subsurface storage enabling water reuse, lessons learned from the SUBSOL project
Klaasjan Raat (KWR)
14:20 – 14:40 Water reuse in the Europe: experiences from recent and ongoing EU projects
Erik Pentimalli (EASME)
14:40 – 15:30 Experiences from European and int’l end-users, 4 pitches:- Dinteloord, the Netherlands (agriculture)- West-Flanders, Belgium (drinking water)- Maneadero Valley, Mexico (agriculture)- Recife, Brazil (drinking water)
Piet Janmaat (TOM, D’oord)Alexander Vandenbohede (De Watergroep)Walter Daesslé (UABC)Suzana Gico Montenegro (UFPE)
15:30 – 15:40 Short break
15:40 – 16:25 Round table discussion: contributing to the EU agenda for research, policy development and investments
Panelists: Christos Makropoulos (NTUA), Ronjon Chakrabarti (adelphi), Suzana Montenegro (UFPE), Walter Daesslé (UABC), Klaasjan Raat (KWR), European Commission
Paul Jeffrey (Cranfield University; Water Reuse Europe)
16:25 – 16:40 Wrap up and main conclusions Gerard van den Berg (KWR)
16:40 – 17:30 Drinks reception
Programme site visit, 30 August
SUBSOL has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 642228
Boosting Research and Innovation for the Water Sector: The impact of EU funded projects (EIP PORTO 2017)
Promoting Water Market Ready Innovations: Investor Café 2018 Brussels
ICT4Water cluster news & events
Smart water services: bridging the digital and the physical world Workshop with WssTP Jun 13th
2018
DevelopMent AnD application of integrated technological and management solutions FOR wasteWATER treatment and efficient reuse in agriculture tailored to the needs of Mediterranean African Countries
www.madforwater.eu
EU Relevant Policy Development
Fitness Check of the EU Water Policy
Urban Waste Water Directive Evaluation
Proposal for Water Reuse Regulation
Proposal for revised Drinking Water Directive
New Fertiliser Regulation
Report on Critical Raw Materials and the Circular Economy
EC Services and Support
Common Dissemination Booster
Common Exploitation Booster
IPR Help Desk
Enterprise Europe Network
EASME Project and Financial Officers
INFORMATION DAY – CALLS OF 2019
11-12 September 2018 in Brussels
The event provides insights on Horizon 2020 Societal Challenge 5 Climate Action Environment Resource Efficiency Raw Materials
MAR system – salinity after 20 years of operations
north – south cross section
western part
central part
eastern part
challenges challenges
technical issues
- geometry of infiltration ditch, how much wells, screen length, …manageable
challenges
which water to infiltrate
- polder drainage water, river IJzer water, WWTP effluent clogging combination according to avaliability legal framework - discussion
challenges
pre- and post treatment
- technical versus legislation versus scientific issues
7-9-2018
3
challenges
stakeholder issues
- farmland, water level management, competition for water, … opportunities for cooperation
the bigger picture
IWVA
De Watergroep
no seasonal storage!
seasonal use of different water sources
deep storage - ASR
water from a deep aquifer
exchange of water
To conclude
Flandria door Gerard Mercator (1570)
complex water demand issue making smart use of water and using the subsurface!
solution is part of a bigger picturesolution consists of different pieces of the puzzle
challenges clear technical/scientific application of water reuse
legal framework vs practical/scientific issues
cooperation with/from stakeholders
7-9-2018
1
Effects of reclaimed water discharge in the Maneadero aquifer,
Baja California, Mexico.
Brussels, 29 August 2018
Christian Gilabert, Luis W. Daesslé, Christine Stumpp
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California
1 2
3
Ensenada’s current water sources
Study area: Maneadero Valley, 15 km south of the city of Ensenada
(31º41’N; 116º30’W)
-5.36 Mm3
(DOF, 2018)4
Analyze the regulatory and environmental processes related to the use of
reclaimed water (RW) in the Maneadero Valley
Social-legal
Scientific
Use
of
RW
General objective
5
Products
Gilabert-Alarcón C., Daesslé, L.
W., Salgado-Méndez, S. O.,
Pérez-Flores, M.A., Knöller, K.,
Kretzschmar, T.G. & Stumpp, C.
(2018). Effects of reclaimed
water discharge in the
Maneadero coastal aquifer, Baja
California. Applied Geochemistry,
92: 121-139.
Gilabert-Alarcón C., Salgado-
Méndez, S.O., Daesslé, L.W.,
Mendoza-Espinosa, L. G. &
Villada-Canela, M. (2018).
Analysis of the legal framework
and integrated approach for the
use of reclaimed water in
Mexico. Water (submitted)
6
7-9-2018
2
Legal instruments Mandatory provisions
3rd level
NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996 Maximum permissible limits of contaminants in
wastewater for discharges purposes into national
assets.
NOM-003-SEMARNAT-1997 Maximum permissible limits of contaminants in
reclaimed water for uses in public services.
NOM-014-CONAGUA-2003 Requirements for the artificial aquifer recharge with
reclaimed water.
NOM-0127-SSA1-1994 Permissible quality limits of water for human use
and consumption and treatments for water
purification.
NOM-230-SSA1-2002 Sanitary requirements of water for human use and
consumption.
NOM-179-SSA1-1998 Surveillance and evaluation of water quality control
for human use and consumption distributed by
urban public supply systems.
7
Conceptual and legal model of the water cycle in the Maneadero Valley
(a, b, c)
(l, m, n, o)
(d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k)
(d, f, g) / (p, q)
Sanitation
Infiltrations into the aquifer
Discharges
Use of RW / groundwater for agricultural irrigation and domestic purposes8
Results.
Brackish to saline waters
TDS: 1080 – 26950 mg/L
Groundwater quality
(ions)
~80% > the NOM-0127
Nitrates
0.01 - 49.5 mg/L NO3-N
~ 50% > the NOM-0127
RW quality (media, mg/L)
TDS: 2691
Na+: 437
Ca2+: 255
Mg2+:102
Cl-:1282
HCO3-:398
SO42- : 240
Br-: 2.3
TDS: total dissolved solids
TH: total hardness9
Multivariate statistical analysis
Variable F1 F2 F3 Communalities (r2)
pH -0.62 0.08 -0.03 0.40
Hardness 0.97 -0.01 0.00 0.95
Na+ 0.93 0.22 0.18 0.94
K+ 0.40 0.84 -0.02 0.87
Ca2+ 0.98 -0.03 -0.01 0.96
Mg2+ 0.96 0.00 0.02 0.93
Cl- 0.96 0.14 0.12 0.96
HCO3- 0.16 0.45 0.76 0.80
SO42- 0.87 0.18 0.38 0.93
NO3--N 0.03 -0.26 0.84 0.77
Br- 0.97 0.08 0.07 0.96
PO43--P -0.24 0.92 0.00 0.76
Eigenvalue 7.2 1.9 1.3
% of variance 59.6 15.7 11.0
% accumulative 59.6 75.3 86.3
Rotation method
Varimax
Factors retention
«Elbow» graphic
Kaiser criteria
Factor Analysis validation (KMO)
0.79
Seawater intrusion RW effect Pollution
Factor Analysis (n = 57; April 2016)
10
Cl/Br vs. Cl (n = 57; April 2016)
Alcalá & Custodio (2004, 2008); Panno et al. (2006); McArthur et al. (2012) &
references therein
1a, brines
2a, coastal areas
2b, inland areas
2c, high altitude/continental
2d, coastal arid climate
2e, coastal polluedt areas
6a, leaching of carnalite
6b, lleaching of sylvite
3a, leaching of natural halite
3b, leaching of gypsum with halite
4,
5a, agricultural pollution
5b, leaching of rad salt
5e, septic waste
5f, septic-tank outflow
5g, sewage effluent
C1
C2
C3
11 12
7-9-2018
3
Stable isotopes of water, 18OH2O & 2HH2O (n = 57; April 2016)
x from Kretzschmar & Frommen (2013)+ from Vidal-Lorandi & Vidal-Lorandi (2003)
C1
C2
C3
Temporal seasons
Rainy (March 2017)
GWML tendency
Drought (April 2016 &
August 2017) similar
isotopic composition
13
Stable isotopes stable of nitrates, 18ONO3 & 15NNO3
(n 20; December 2016 & March 2017)
December 2016
⚫ March 2017
C1
C2
C3
RW has 18ONO3 of -9.1‰ & 15NNO3 of +12.5‰ and is comparable to RW from
chemically enhanced primary treatment (Archana et al., 2016)
Nitrates sources from Kendal et al., 2007
14
Electrical resistivity profiles along the Las Ánimas creek
316
-m
79
32
8
Las Ánimas creek
Wells
Joint inversion method by Pérez-Flores et al. (2011)
Geophysical profiles across
the Las Ánimas creek
15
Findings on the effect of RW in the costal aquifer of the
Maneadero Valley
1. Dissolution of rock minerals and evaporites & reverse ion-exchange
reactions are the main processes influencing groundwater
hydrochemistry.
2. Soluble salts from sewage and leaching of urban solid waste and manure
contribute significantly to groundwater salinization.
3. RW from the WWTPN has similar geochemical composition to that of
groundwater with TDS of 1.6 - 3.0 g/L and to sewage reported in other
studies conducted in coastal aquifers of arid climatic conditions.
4. RW contribute to cation-exchange reactions and once the exchangeable
sites become saturated, solutes are not retained from RW and remain
dissolved in groundwater.
16
5. PO43- & K+ adsorption soil capacity is reached.
6. Aquifer recharge: (1) local precipitation & (2) significant local infiltration
from human activities.
7. The over- and underestimates of RW contribution is suggestive of
missing end-members.
8. Source of NO3--N are mainly derived from sewage and animal waste,
while nitrates from RW are considered negligible.
9. RW plume appears to travel down gradient through the high permeable
zone and is likely to be driven between low and high saline water by
density-differences convection.
17 18
7-9-2018
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19 20
7-9-2018
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Groundwater in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Brazil: Overview
Suzana M. G. L. Montenegro
1930
1950
1970
Study area
João Pessoa, 22/10/2015
Metropolitan Region of Recife (RMR):
• 14 municipalities
• 51% of the Pernambuco State population
• 3.69 million people (2015)
• 65% of the state GDP
• Water supply: surface water (water company),
Groundwater (water company, PRIVATE WELLS)
Study area
João Pessoa, 22/10/2015
7-9-2018
2
Final meeting – Recife 1-2 July 2015
COQUEIRAL
Challenge Of water Quality in Urban Environmental Issue: Recife Aquifers and Land use.
How to face groundwater salinization and contamination under global environmental change
in its societal context
FACEPE Coordinator : S. Montenegro - UFPE
FAPESP Coordinator: R. Hirata – USP
ANR Coordinator: E. Petelet-Giraud - BRGM
Contexts of the study: Resource explotationSummarize /Perspective
+
CONSIDER: artificial recharge with rainwater
75,00
80,00
85,00
90,00
95,00
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Tempo (dias)
Nív
el
(m)
9Copenhagen, June 2013
General Requirement of Water Management and SWS
• SWS require a spatiotemporal monitoring of piezometriclevel and electrical conductivity.
• The knowledge of regional geology is fundamental.
• A study on the relationship between society andhydrogeological behavior is important to find the mostappropriate recharge strategy.
General Requirement of Water Management and SWS
• Coelho et al. (2018) showed how monitoring data (i.e.,piezometric level and electrical conductivity) combined withgeological knowledge may allow proposing MAR strategies
• Analyzing the RMR data, two contrasted behaviors wereobserved:
– (i) groundwater level decrease and stable EC in the North andSouthernmost areas of Recife;
– (ii) stable groundwater level and high/varying EC values next tothe estuary zone.
Application Potential and Location Opportunities of SWS
• Recife’s Urban Services Company (CSURB) has developed astudy for a rainwater harvesting system and the potential ofSWS implemented on public markets in Recife.
• The market in the Afogados neighbourhood can harvestaround 7,000 m³ of water each year.
• The market consumption is about 2,900 m³, henceapproximately 4,000 m³ of rainwater injection into theaquifer are available.
• The ASR-System is located at the Public School Landelino Rocha.
• The injection well has already been drilled. The rainwater harvesting system is under construction.
• The multilevel monitoring well is working fine .
• Recharge tests will start soon.
• Future: Install other wells with sensors in the area to improve the ASR monitoring.
ASR-Coastal Pilot System in Pina
Drivers and Barriers of SWS in RMR
• The RMR presents an annual precipitation ofapproximately 2450 mm, which provides greatpotential volumes of water to be used for ASRsystems.
• However, small roof areas do not harvest too muchwater.
• Reclaimed water may also be a possible source forASR.
• There’s no private investment, and thus researchdepends basically on public investment.
International Cooperation Potentials
- JPI Project – 2017 CallSmart framework for real-time monitoring ad control ofsubsurface processes in Managed Aquifer Rechargeapplications
- EUROCLIMA+: Soluciones inovadoras de proteger y recargar los acuiferos em la región metropolitana de Recife (APAC, CSURB)
7-9-2018
4
Conclusions
• The Metropolitan Region of Recife is in urgent needof solutions to problems of decreasing groundwaterlevels and prevent saltwater intrusion.
• ASR seems a good solution.
References
PAIVA, A. L. R. de; BERTRAND, G.; FERREIRA, E. L. G. A.; MONTEIRO, R. V. A.; COELHO, V. H.R.; MONTENEGRO, S. M. G. L. Comportamento hidrodinâmico em aquíferos costeiros da cidadesob influência da maré: Implicações pela gestão dos recursos hídricos em Recife (PE). In: XXIISimpósio Brasileiro de Recursos Hídricos, 2017, Florianópolis, SC. Anais do XXII SimpósioBrasileiro de Recursos Hídricos. Porto Alegre, RS: Associação Brasileira de Recursos Hídricos,2017. v. 1. p. 1-8.
COELHO, V. H. R.; BERTRAND, G. F. ; MONTENEGRO, S. M. G. L. ; PAIVA, A. L. R. ; ALMEIDA, C. N.;GALVAO, C. O.; BARBOSA, L. R.; BATISTA, L. F.; FERREIRA, E. Piezometric level and electricalconductivity spatiotemporal monitoring as an instrument to design further managed aquiferrecharge strategies in a complex estuarial system under anthropogenic pressure. Journal OfEnvironmental Management, v. 209, p. 426-439, 2018.
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