Building Services System:Maintenance Works

LECTURER NAME: PUAN SITI NOOR ASYIKIN BINTI HJ ALIAS

STUDENT NAME: MOHAMAD ARIFF BIN MANSOR14DKA14F2061MUHAMAD DANIAL HAQQIM BIN ZAKIRUDDIN14DKA14F2059SYED MAHMOOD BIN SYED ABD HALIM14DKA14F2002MUHAMMAD HARITH BIN HATTA14DKA14F2067

Introduction:

Maintenance is a set of organised activities that are carried out in order to keep an item in its best operational condition with minimum cost acquired. It can also be defined as the combination of all technical and administrative actions, including supervision actions, intended to retain an item in, or restore it to, a state in which it can perform a required function

Maintenance Management All the activities of the management that determine

the maintenance objectives or priorities (defined as targets assigned and accepted by the management and maintenance department), strategies (defined as a management method in order to achieve maintenance objectives), and responsibilities and implement them by means such as maintenance planning, maintenance control and supervision, and several improving methods including economical aspects in the organization.

Maintenance Objectives: To increase functional reliability of production

facilities. To maximize the useful life of the equipment. To maximize production capacity from the given

equipment. To minimize the total production cost. To minimize the frequency of interruption in

production by reducing breakdowns. To enhance the safety of the manpower.

Maintenance objective

Importance of maintenance

It helps in identify the cause of failure , e.g whether the failure is due to design defect, or a wear out failure.

It also helps in deciding the type of maintenance and maintenance decision like replace and repair.

It provides the necessary information regarding the life and reliability of the equipment.

With the help of this tool spare parts management got initiated.

Different type of maintenance:

Planned Maintenance

In planned maintenance the maintenance action is carried out with some fore thoughts, prior planning , record keeping and control action. These can be further classified as :-

Preventive maintenance

Corrective maintenance

Predictive maintenance

It is based upon the principle that ‘prevention is better than cure’.

It is a set of activities that are performed on plant equipment, machinery, and systems before the occurrence of a failure in order to protect them and to prevent or eliminate any degradation in their operating conditions.

Or the maintenance carried out at predetermined intervals or according to prescribed criteria and intended to reduce the probability of failure or the degradation of the functioning and the effects limited.

It has three types Running maintenance Scheduled maintenance Shut down maintenance

Preventive Maintenance

Advantages DisadvantagesOver all very cost effective Catastrophic failure still a risk

Flexibility can allow for adjustment of schedule to accommodate other work

Labour Intensive

Increased equipment life Performance of maintenance based on schedule not required

Saved energy cost resulting from equipment running from

pick efficiency

Risk of damage when conducting unneeded

maintenance

Reduced equipment or process failure

Saving not readily visible without a base line

Over all saving between 12% to 18%

Benefits of Preventive Maintenance The cost of breakdown maintenance is much greater than

preventive maintenance Preventive Maintenance

Keeps equipment in good condition to prevent large problems

Extends the useful life of the equipment Finds small problems before they become big ones Is an excellent training tool for technicians Keeps equipment safer Parts stocking levels can be optimized Greatly reduces unplanned downtime

Reduces injury

7 Elements of Preventive Maintenance INSPECTION SERVICING CALIBRATION TESTING ALIGNMENT ADJUSTMENT

Running maintenance:

Running maintenance which includes those maintenance activities that are carried out while the machine or equipment is running.

Example – lubrication, adjustment of nuts and screws, tightening of loose nut and bolts.

Scheduled Maintenance:

Scheduled Maintenance is any variety of scheduled maintenance to an object or item of equipment.

Specifically, Planned Maintenance is a scheduled service visit carried out by a competent and suitable agent, to ensure that an item of equipment is operating correctly and to therefore avoid any unscheduled breakdown and downtime.

Good example of PM program is car maintenance. After so many kilometers or miles oil should be changed, parts renewed.

Shut Down Maintenance:

Which is a set of preventive maintenance activities that are carried out when the production line is in total stoppage situation.

These are performed generally after three or six months.

These involves the inspection of plant items which are known or suspected to occur.

Corrective maintenance:In this type, actions such as repair, replacement, or restore

will be carried out after the occurrence of a failure in order to eliminate the source of this failure or reduce the frequency of its occurrence.

It also include the different types of actions like typical adjustment of redesign equipment.

The difference between corrective maintenance and preventive maintenance is that for the corrective maintenance, the failure should occur before any corrective action is taken.

It is of two types1. Breakdown maintenance2. Shutdown maintenance

Corrective Maintenance (CM) The main objectives of corrective maintenance are the

maximisation of the effectiveness of all critical plant systems, the elimination of breakdowns, the elimination of unnecessary repair, and the reduction of the deviations from optimum operating conditions.

The difference between corrective maintenance and preventive maintenance is that for the corrective maintenance, the failure should occur before any corrective action is taken.

Corrective maintenance is different from run to failure maintenance in that its activities are planned and regularly taken out to keep plant’s machines and equipment in optimum operating condition.

Breakdown Maintenance: It is an emergency based policy in which the plant or

equipment is operated until it fails and then it is brought back into running condition by repair.

The maintenance staff locate any mechanical, electrical or any other fault to correct it immediately.

It is feasible for the small factories where1. There are few types of equipment.2. Machine and equipments are simple and does

not require any specialist.3. Where sudden failure does not cause any

serious financial loss.

Predictive maintenance: As the names implies it involves the prediction of

the failure before it occurs, identifying the root cause for those failures symptoms and eliminating those causes before they result in extensive damage of the equipment.

Type of maintenance performed continuously or at intervals according to the requirements to diagnose and monitor a condition or system. Also called condition based maintenance.

Unplanned Maintenance: Maintenance action which is carried out without any

fore thoughts or prior planning is called unplanned maintenance.

Emergency maintenance is one of the example of unplanned maintenance.

In this type of maintenance the maintenance action is executed with the help of all available maintenance resources in least possible time, without any major time lag.

Examples are gas leakage in chemical plant, fire hazards, breakdown of boiler, turbine etc.

Nature of maintenance problem:

General classification Maintenance problem.

Mechanical Failure Worn out bushes and bearings and other moving parts. Fatigue of machine members Creep of material at high temp Excessive forced vibration, misalignments etc.Thermal Failure Overheating of the component Lack of lubrication Inadequate of cooling Electrical insulation failureChemical Failure Highly corrosive fluids containing abrasive particles Failure of protective linings like glass , rubber etc.

Classification maintenance problem based on time span: Short run production problem

Maintenance problem which are carried out in a sort period of time are known as short run production system. It may be hourly, daily ,weekly and monthly.

Example:-

Hourly- inspection of correct lubricant, level of coolant, sharpness of cutting tool.

Daily- cleaning of m/c, tightening of nuts, correct cooling, inspection of various indicators, minor adjustment of parts.

Weekly- Major adjustment, lubrication, tightening of

parts.Monthly- checking for insulation, corrosion, safety guards, checking of

worn-out and distorted parts.

Procedure of Preventive maintenance

Schedules of preventive maintenance: It is simply a comprehensive list of all the incident

and their time of incident. It gives the following useful information regarding the maintenance work.

i. What is to be done or maintained?ii. How is to be maintained? iii. When is to be maintained?

Besides this it may also provide the secondary information regarding the place of maintenance and maintenance requirement.

Maintenance Strategy :

A maintenance strategy defines the rules for the sequence of planned maintenance work. It contains general scheduling information, and can therefore be assigned to as many maintenance task lists (PM task lists) and maintenance plans as required. A maintenance strategy contains maintenance packages in which the following information is defined:

The cycle in which the individual work should be performed (for example, every two months, every 3,106.86 miles, every 500 operating hours)

Other data which affects scheduling

Maintenance Packages:

Maintenance activities that must be performed at a particular date or point in time are combined into maintenance packages

Conclusion: Good facilities is not limited with the aesthetic value of the

building only, but it comes with element of how good we apply the technoloogy and how well we maintain it. How well we maintain a facility is depend on how good the operator operates it. So the idea of maintaining should be consider from the early stage during designing th building.

Recently, it become more and more importance, it is a field that everybody involve in construction should know because this will become more important to us in the future.