LECTURE 7: PIPING DRAFTING & DRAWING

Prepared by: Nor Helya Iman Bt. Kamaludin

helya@unimap.edu.my

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Industrial Process Piping

Industrial process piping involves the used of piping to transport fluids between storage tanks and processing equipment.

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Types of Piping Plumbing Civil Piping Transportation

Piping

Fuel Pipes

Infrastructure Pipes

PVC Pipes

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Uses of Industrial Piping

Water Natural gas Electric power Specialty items like paper pulp or

liquid foods Sewer Storm drains And more…

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Pipe Drafting

Pipe drafting utilizes many different types of drawings: Flow diagrams Structural and site plans Mechanical and instrumentation drawings

Pipe can be drawn in two forms: double line & single line.

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Facts about Pipe Drafting

Most common & complex type of pipe drawing are plans and sections that show building outlines.

Equipment shown on piping plans and section drawings are drawn as outlines to illustrate clearances and access.

Piping drawings are normally dimensioned in an architectural style.

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Facts about Pipe DraftingSingle-line Drawings (time saving method)

The centerline is used to represent the pipe

Standard pipe symbols are used

Pipe & fittings are drawn as heavy lines

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Pipe DrawingPiping drawings show the size and location of pipes, fittings, and valves. A set of symbols has been developed to identify these features on drawings.

The two types of projection used in plumbing and piping diagrams are projection orthographic and isometric (pictorial).

Using scale drawing, it provides plan, elevation and section views.

All equipment, fittings, dimensions and notes are shown on this type of drawing.

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ORTHOGRAPHIC PLUMBING PIPE DRAWINGS

Orthographic pipe drawings can be:- single-line drawings: the centerline which represent the pipe is drawn as a thick line and add valves and fittings, OR- double- line drawings: need to draw each valve and fitting that are required in piping system

An orthographic drawing that shows all of the pipe and fittings needed to assemble a segment of piping

Orthographic pipe drawings can be:- single-line drawings where you draw the center line of the pipe as a thick line and add valves and fittings, or - double- line drawings where you draw each valve and fitting.

Drafters usually use single-line drawings to shows the arrangement of pipes and fittings.

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ORTHOGRAPHIC PLUMBING PIPE DRAWINGS (CONT’D)

Double-line  drawings  are  generally  used  in applications, such as catalogs, where visual appearance is more important than drawing time (require more time to draw)

Orthographic pipe drawings are sometimes used on more complicated piping systems.

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ORTHOGRAPHIC  PLUMBING PIPE DRAWINGS (CONT’D)

Double-line orthographic drawing

Single-line orthographic drawing

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ISOMETRIC (PICTORIAL) PLUMBING PIPE DRAWING

Isometric pipe

drawings use to draw for all pipes

bend in more than

one plane.    

Apply either the single-

line or double line

method.

The  finished  

drawings  are easier

to understand in pictorial

format than as

orthographic line

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ISOMETRIC (PICTORIAL) PLUMBING PIPE DRAWING (CONT’D)

Single-line isometric pipe

drawingDouble-line

isometric pipe drawing

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CONNECTION Permanent connections,

whether made by welding or other

processes such as gluing or soldering, should be shown on

the drawing by a heavy dot.

Draftsman   normally   will   use   a

  general   note   or specification to

describe the type of connection.

The specification, a general note, or bill of material will list the

types of connections such as

flanges, unions, or couplings and

whether the fittings are flanged or

threaded.

Detachable connections are

shown by a single thick line.

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Connection

Permanent  and  detachable connections

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FITTINGS

Sometimes standard symbols for fittings like tees, elbows, crossings, and so forth, are not shown on drawings.   

Use the circular symbol for a tee or elbow when it is necessary to show piping coming toward or moving away from the viewer.

Indicating the ends of pipe fittings 16PTT 105: Engineering Graphics

Types of Pipe

Cast Iron Steel Copper & Copper

Alloys Plastic

Clay Glass Wood Steel Tubing

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Plumbing  fittings 18PTT 105: Engineering Graphics

Common pipe line symbols

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Common piping symbols

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Common plumbing symbols

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Valves

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Gate Valves A  gate  valve  is  a  linear

motion  valve  used  to start  or  stop  fluid  flow;

However,  it  does  not regulate or throttle flow.   

The name gate is derived from the appearance of the disk in the flow stream.

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Globe valve

A  globe  valve  is  a  linear motion  valve used to stop, start, and regulate fluid flow.

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Butterfly valve A   butterfly   valve is   a

  rotary  motionvalve    that    is    used    to    start, stop, and regulate fluid    flow.

Butterfly   valves   are   easily   and quickly   operated because   a   90o rotation of the  handle  moves  the disk  from  a  fully  closed  to  fully opened position.   

Larger butterfly valves are actuated by handwheels connected to the stem through gears that provide mechanical advantage at the expense of speed.

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Check valveCheck valves are designed to prevent the reversal of flow in a piping system.  

These valves are activated by the flowing material in the pipeline.    

The pressure of the fluid passing through the system opens the valve, while any reversal of flow will close the valve.  

Closure is accomplished by the weight of the check mechanism, by back pressure, by a spring, or by a combination of these means.   

The general types  of check valves  are  swing, tilting-disk, piston, butterfly, and stop.

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Relief Valve Relief valves

are typically used for incompressible fluids

such as water or

oil.

Safety valves

are typically used for

compressible fluids

such as steam or

other gases.   

Safety valves

can often be

distinguished by

the presence

of an external lever at

the top of the valve

body, which is used as

an operatio

nal check.

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Models of Pipe Layouts

Models are often used to illustrate and troubleshoot the layout of a piping system

The advantage is the ability to see clearances and interferences

Operators can be trained on the piping system using a model.

Today 3-D CAD models are being utilized.

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Example of pipe layout model

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THE END…THANK YOU

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