Pr. Clara Ulrich, DTU Aqua, Denmark, coordinator on behalf of the DiscardLess Consortium H2020 DiscardLess ( ) What can science do to help with the landing obligation? 09/02/2016NSAC Demersal WG2DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark Discards when three systems conflict SOCIETY and the POLICY SYSTEM RESOURCES and the ECOSYSTEM The challenges FISHERIES and the ECONOMIC SYSTEM Knowledge needed The solution(s)? Knowledge needed 17/04/2008Presentation name3DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark DISCARDLESS : MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE THAT AIMS AT Understand the economic, biological and social DRIVERS and IMPACTS of discard Propose a set of cost-effective Discard Mitigation Strategies : the DMS Toolbox Some North Sea knowledge to be soon published in 09/02/2016NSAC Demersal WG4DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark Obj I. UNDERSTANDING THE NATURAL EFFECTS 1. role of discards in the ecosystem Various models of various complexity available Heath et al Ecosystem winners and losers What can Science do to help?... 09/02/2016NSAC Demersal WG5DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark Obj I. UNDERSTANDING THE NATURAL EFFECTS 1. role of discards in the ecosystem What can Science do to help?... STATUS MONTH 11 (subset): Comprehensive review of litterature, data and models across topics and regions (Feekings et al., D1.1;Ulrich EP review); One field survey in Kattegat Modelling Feekings, DTU Aqua Foodweb effects beyond scavengers are likely limited Prawn enhancement from discards is suggested but not much observed Reduction in F is the largest ecological effect 09/02/2016NSAC Demersal WG6DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark Obj I. UNDERSTANDING THE NATURAL EFFECTS 2. Fish behaviour for improved selectivity -Selective devices : What works where and why? Light-based selectivity What can Science do to help?... 09/02/2016NSAC Demersal WG7DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark Obj I. UNDERSTANDING THE NATURAL EFFECTS 2. Fish behaviour for improved selectivity STATUS MONTH 11 (subset): experiments with light lines in the Orkneys. Not so conclusive yet. Catalogues of selective devices (SeaFish, DTU, CEFAS) Understanding the mecanisms of selection Survey starting on the potential use of underwater trawl cameras What can Science do to help?... Summerbell and ONeill, MSS 09/02/2016NSAC Demersal WG8DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark Some ref SEAFISH report on basic fishing methodsff DTU catalogue of selective fishing techniques/media/Institutter/Aqua/Publikationer/Forskningsrapporter_251_300/ _Katalog-over-selektive-redskaber-afproevet-i-dansk-fiskeri.ashxhttp://www.aqua.dtu.dk/- /media/Institutter/Aqua/Publikationer/Forskningsrapporter_251_300/ _Katalog-over-selektive-redskaber-afproevet-i-dansk-fiskeri.ashx 09/02/2016NSAC Demersal WG9DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark Obj I. UNDERSTANDING THE NATURAL EFFECTS 3. Sharing knowledge on when and where - > Share this knowledge together, and investigate whether this can be useful for avoiding the unwanted catches What can Science do to help?... The Fishermans story Fishermen have local and implicit knowledge - where, when to catch fish - when and where to catch less of the unwanted The Scientists story Scientists have global explicit knowledge and many data - Global picture of how much, when and where - What changes over time 09/02/2016NSAC Demersal WG10DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark Obj I. UNDERSTANDING THE NATURAL EFFECTS 3. Sharing knowledge on when and where What can Science do to help?... STATUS MONTH 11 (subset): challenge experiments completed in Ireland, France, Denmark : can fishermen reduce discards by their own means? Mapping of hot spots Graham et al. MI Rochet et al., IFREMER Mortensen et al., DTU Catarino, MSS Ex. result of DTU MINIDISC trial 09/02/2016NSAC Demersal WG11DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark II. UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN EFFECTS 1. Mapping the economic reasons to discard Restrictions Minimum size of fish Quotas Vessel capacity Market (high grading) No, Yes Marketable: Yes, No Total catch o Target species o Non-target (size, species) Illegally caught Black market Discard Land Catchpole et al., 2013 What can Science do to help?... 09/02/2016NSAC Demersal WG12DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark II. UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN EFFECTS 1. Mapping the economic reasons to discard What can Science do to help?... STATUS MONTH 11 (subset): Comprehensive review of litterature, data and models across topics and regions (Frost et al., D2.1); Quantifying knowledge on: Species composition in harvest Price on fish Processing costs on board the vessel Catchability rates Discard costs Penalty for violation of rules Probability of being detected Management system Impact on stock abundance Distance to fishing grounds Seafish impact assessment 2015 09/02/2016NSAC Demersal WG13DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark II. UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN EFFECTS 2. Mapping the social drivers Engaging in dialogue and collaboration with individual fishermen to Understand social and cultural barriers Understand individual incentives and drivers of compliance Support bottom-up initiatives What can Science do to help?... 09/02/2016NSAC Demersal WG14DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark II. UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN EFFECTS 2. Mapping the social drivers STATUS MONTH 11 (subset): Identification of some social criteria to measure the desirability of mitigation strategies (Frangoudes et al., D2.2) Interviews realised in Greece, Azores, France, Denmark Perceptions are very negative, especially from the crew Feeling that NGO-Aquaculture lobby stronger than fishers Low legitimacy Trials on crew working conditions sorting time. Same speed but more volume. Study on incentives to use selective gears What can Science do to help?... 09/02/2016NSAC Demersal WG15DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark II. UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN EFFECTS 3. Proposing better use of unwanted catches Testing smart onboard handling solutions Integrating fishery waste in existing supply chains What can Science do to help?... 09/02/2016NSAC Demersal WG16DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark II. UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN EFFECTS 3. Proposing better use of unwanted catches What can Science do to help?... STATUS MONTH 11 (subset): Vidarsson et al. (D5.1) and Villareal et al. (D6.1). examples: review of Iceland use of cod Potential discards by harbour mapping of harbours infrastructures and regulations. 09/02/2016NSAC Demersal WG17DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark III. LINKING BIOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMY 1. Models for comparing options Bioeconomic models What if Whats best Trade-offs and constraints ECOSYSTEM AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CRITERIA Discards Mitigations Strategies What can Science do to help?... 09/02/2016NSAC Demersal WG18DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark III. LINKING BIOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMY 1. Models for comparing options STATUS MONTH 11 (subset): Common model indicators and scenarios incl. GES Linking MSY with the landings obligation (Ulrich, EP report): What is MSY at regional/ecosystem scale? (MYFISH project) Mixed-fisheries management plans: MSY ranges as an adaptative management to mitigate year-on-year choke species effects What can Science do to help?... 09/02/2016NSAC Demersal WG19DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark III. LINKING BIOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMY 2. Online interactive tools Discards Mitigation Strategies Toolbox DMS What can Science do to help?... STATUS MONTH 11: Started. Online atlas of data 09/02/2016NSAC Demersal WG20DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark IV. UNDERSTANDING THE POLICY EFFECTS Analysing the political forces influencing discard policy Evaluating the Landings Obligation in the frame of other high-level policies Maximum Sustainable Yield Marine Strategy MSFD Multi-Annual Plans MAP Learning from the outside world Supporting the implementation of the LO at all steps with sound advice Making results-based management possible through effective monitoring of catch (genetic, CCTV, artifical vision) Understanding the expectations of society and telling the good story What can Science do to help?... STATUS MONTH 11: Started and will follow throughout the project 09/02/2016NSAC Demersal WG21DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark 09/02/2016NSAC Demersal WG22DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark 09/02/2016NSAC Demersal WG23DTU Aqua, Technical University of Denmark What can science do to help with the LO? What can Science NOT do alone? FORCE CHANGES Force the productivity of Nature Force uptake of selective devices and compliance Force rational policy Force the market What can Science do? GATHER AND SHARE USEFUL KNOWLEDGE Work closely with all groups of stakeholders Bring facts on what is known and what is not known, and work up to fill the gaps Share knowledge across regions and disciplines Merge various sources of information into a whole-scale picture Contrast local against global realities Link biological processes with socio-economic constraints Propose alternative cost-effective technological strategies Conduct trials and assess bottom-up initiatives Communicate trade-offs and orientate rational policy Enhance control and monitoring Tell the good story This we do together : stakeholders, policymakers, consumers, scientists 09/02/2016NSAC Demersal WG24DTU Aqua, Technical University of DenmarkAnnual meeting March 2016 Regional newsletter to follow Options for a regional meeting Project mid-term conference 2017, Rome