Slide 1

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OFBASIC HUMAN FACTOR CONCEPTSGeorge Ayokunle SANTOSPrincipal Consultant

Interactive Presentation

Question and Answer Session

ConclusionPractical Applications of Basic Human Factor Concepts Interactive Presentation

Question and Answer Session

Conclusion

OverviewPractical Applications of Basic Human Factor ConceptsPractical Applications of Basic Human Factor Concepts

Overview.. Any man who reads too much and uses his own brain too little, falls into lazy habits of thinking

Albert Einstein

Error and Error Management Safety Culture and SOPs Stress & Stress Management Information Management Decision making Communication Leadership and Teamwork Situational Awareness Workload Management Motivation and MoraleHUMAN FACTOR CONCEPTS

SAMPLE STUDYFactory AccidentCosts?ContainmentEvacuationTreatmentRehabilitationInsuranceEMS

Factory AccidentCosts?ContainmentEvacuationTreatmentRehabilitationInsuranceTangible Costs

SAMPLE STUDYIntangible CostsFactory AccidentTangible CostsImmediate Man-Hour LossResultant Man-Hour LossStaff MoraleCorporate Image

SAMPLE STUDYIntangible CostsAircraft AccidentImmediate Man-Hour LossResultant Man-Hour LossStaff MoraleCorporate Image

DamagesInjuryRevenueReputationMoraleCultureTangibleCostsIntangibleCostsIntangibleCostsTangibleCosts

Aircraft Accident

IntangibleCostsTangibleCostsDamagesInjuryRevenueReputationMoraleCultureTangibleCostsDamagesInjuryRevenueHumanFactorsAircraft AccidentIntangibleCostsReputationMoraleCultureHumanFactors

What?Why?

What?Why?HumanFactors90%VideoHuman Factors

Human FactorsPSYCHOLOGYPHYSIOLOGYBehaviourAttitudesEmotionsFatigueTaste, SmellSleep ManagementJust CultureOperational DisciplineChange Management Error and Error Management Safety Culture and SOPs Stress and Stress managementSituational Awareness CommunicationBASIC HUMAN FACTOR CONCEPTS Procedures, Rules & Regulations

Motivation and Morale

AssessmentPractical Applications3In all organised systems, there is an optimum level of control, guidance and/or instruction that should be levied upon individuals who operate in the system.

A further increase in the amount of guidance and/or instruction given would have the effect of degrading the standards of those operating within the system.Rules and regulations seek toprovide guidance and/or instruction SHARED SPACEURBAN PLANNING Procedures, Rules & RegulationsWhy do we have Rules and Regulations?Number and Levels ofRules and Regulations#129/01/0216

SHARED SPACEURBAN PLANNINGNumberof Accidents& IncidentsInRealityPresumedResponseNumber/Level of Rules and RegulationsOptimumSHARED SPACEURBAN PLANNING Procedures, Rules & Regulations29/01/0217

SHARED SPACEURBAN PLANNING

Numberof Accidents& IncidentsInRealityPresumedResponseNumber/Level of Rules and RegulationsOptimumSymptoms?

SwissairFlight 111

Wednesday2nd September1998 Procedures, Rules & Regulations

29/01/0218

WHY DOES THIS HAPPEN?SHARED SPACEURBAN PLANNINGDutch traffic guru Hans Monderman ."Too many rules strip us of the most important thing:the ability to be considerate. We are losing our capacity for socially responsible behaviour..."The greater the number of prescriptions,the more peoples sense of personal responsibility dwindles."Dutch traffic guru Hans Monderman ."Too many rules strip us of the most important thing:the ability to be considerate. We are losing our capacity for socially responsible behaviour..."The greater the number of prescriptions,the more peoples sense of personal responsibility dwindles." Procedures, Rules & RegulationsNumberof Accidents& IncidentsInRealityPresumedResponseNumber/Level of Rules and RegulationsOptimum29/01/0219

SHARED SPACEURBAN PLANNINGDrachten, NETHERLANDS ( Holland) 45,000 PopulationDespite the presence of many bicyclists and pedestrians on the roads,the removal of the notices from a large and busy junction resulted in a reduction in accidents: from 36 in four years to 2 in two years.. i.e. from 9 1 per year! Procedures, Rules & RegulationsSHARED SPACEURBAN PLANNINGNumberof Accidents& IncidentsInRealityPresumedResponseNumber/Level of Rules and RegulationsOptimum29/01/0220

Procedures, Rules & Regulations

29/01/0221

Drachten, NETHERLANDS ( Holland) 45,000 PopulationSeven cities and regions worldwide are giving roads with reduced/removed signage a try- with impressive results in Australia: Bendigo Germany: Wolfach New Zealand: Auckland

Sweden: Norrkping United Kingdom: Brighton United States: W. Palm Beach Procedures, Rules & RegulationsSHARED SPACEURBAN PLANNINGNumberof Accidents& IncidentsInRealityPresumedResponseNumber/Level of Rules and RegulationsOptimum29/01/0222

10On average, a person's short-term memory can hold about 5-7 bits of information at a time Procedures, Rules & RegulationsAlso.1012345678923

Procedures, Rules & RegulationsPerception..Percepo .....Eu preciso de dinheiropara a pesquisa em acohol24outside the box!Think

Think Procedures, Rules & RegulationsPerception..Case Study Sterile Cockpit Procedures

25For Rules and Regulations,More Rules does not always equate toBetter Standards. 1Key Procedures, Rules & Regulations29/01/0226

Whilst actively encouraging aculture of discipline, our systemsand procedures should take theconvenience of conformanceinto cognisance. Procedures, Rules & RegulationsTaking NaturalHuman BehaviourInto Consideration#2

How? Procedures, Rules & RegulationsEnquanto ativamente incentivando uma cultura da disciplina, nossos sistemas e procedimentos devem tomar o "convenincia" de conformidade em conhecimento.

Procedures, Rules & Regulations29/01/0229

Where shouldfootpaths beinstalled Procedures, Rules & Regulations

29/01/0230

Where shouldfootpaths beinstalled Procedures, Rules & Regulations

29/01/0231

Procedures, Rules & RegulationsIs it of any real value having a highly motivated workforce? Motivation & MoraleMotivationMotivaoLegislationLegislao29/01/0232

Motivation & MoraleMotivationMotivaoLegislationLegislao

LegislationMotivation29/01/0233

MEN WANTED for hazardous journey. Small wages,bitter cold, long months of complete darkness,constant danger, safe return doubtful.

Honour and recognition in case of success.Job advert for the first Antarctic expedition. - Explorer Ernest Shackleton in a 1890

Case Study Motivation & Morale

29/01/0234

MEN WANTED for hazardous journey. Small wages,bitter cold, long months of complete darkness,constant danger, safe return doubtful.

Honour and recognition in case of success.Job advert for the first Antarctic expedition. - Explorer Ernest Shackleton in a 1890

Case Study Motivation & Morale

MEN WANTED for hazardous journey. Small wages,bitter cold, long months of complete darkness,constant danger, safe return doubtful.

Honour and recognition in case of success.29/01/0235

People wanting to do

what needs to be done,

whilst enjoying it!

Motivated Workforce ... Motivation & MoraleCase Study29/01/0236

A diamond with a flaw is worth more than a pebble without imperfections Chinese Proverb AssessmentUm diamante com uma falha vale mais do que um seixo sem imperfeies Motivation & Morale37

AssessmentAssessment Standards38

AssessmentAssessment Standards39

AssessmentAssessment Standards40

AssessmentAssessment Standards41 AssessmentAssessment ProcessErrors in Assessment:- Personal interpretation Memory errors Biases due to motivation Scale use - consistency of marking scale

Errors in Assessment:- Personal interpretation Memory errors Biases due to motivation Scale use - consistency of marking scale42 Assessment

Piper Alpha6th July 1988Reporting Systems Communication43Culled from,DISASTER CommunicationReporting Systems

44ba

cdea

CHINESE WHISPERS CommunicationReporting Systems45 CommunicationCommunication Systems

How effective are theyas toolsof communication?

46For Rules and Regulations,More Rules does not always equate toBetter Standards. 1KeyRules and Regulations must take Human Behaviour, Performance and Limitations (Culture) into consideration2Key29/01/0247

HUMAN FACTOR CONCEPTS Error and Error Management Safety Culture and SOPs Stress & Stress Management Information Management Decision making Communication Leadership and Teamwork Situational Awareness Workload Management Motivation and MoraleIntangible CostsSafety and Financial AffairsLevel of control with rulesNumber of rulesDevelop rulesMotivationAssessmentCommunication SystemsReporting SystemsPractical Applications of Basic Human Factor ConceptsHUMAN FACTOR CONCEPTS Error and Error Management Safety Culture and SOPs Stress & Stress Management Information Management Decision making Communication Leadership and Teamwork Situational Awareness Workload Management Motivation and MoraleIntangible CostsSafety and Financial AffairsLevel of control with rulesNumber of rulesDevelop rulesMotivationAssessmentCommunication SystemsReporting SystemsCrewResourceManagement(CRM)Practical Applications of Basic Human Factor Concepts

Intellect - Tools to work withState of mind Ability to use toolsCRM TRAINING SYSTEMVarious CRM Courses Involving

Pilots Crewmen Ops Management HR External AgenciesLPCs OPCs, Line ChecksInvolving

Pilots Crewmen Cabin AttendantsProfessionals Clinical Psychologists Psychiatrists PsychoanalystsTECHNICAL TRAININGNON- TECHNICAL TRAININGEXTERNAL PROFESSIONAL INPUTCrew Resource Management

CASE STUDYColgan Air, Flight 3407 Crash @ Buffalo, Feb 200929/01/0251

Colgan Air, Flight 3407 Crash @ Buffalo, Feb 09The pilots should have paid more attentionThey should have had more disciplineHow could professional pilots stall an airplane?CASE STUDY

29/01/0252

Colgan Air, Flight 3407 Crash @ Buffalo, Feb 09The pilots should have paid more attentionThey should have had more disciplineHow could professional pilots stall an airplane?CASE STUDY

You have to understand why what people did made sense to them at the time Sidney DekkerThe Field Guide to Understanding Human ErrorVoc tem que entender que o que as pessoas faziam fez muito sentido para eles no momento29/01/0253

Had nearly a full day off before assumingcommand of the flight. He spent the nightin the Newark Airport crew lounge, againstairline regulations.Excerpts from Air Crash InvestigationCaptainColgan Air, Flight 3407 Crash @ Buffalo, Feb 09CASE STUDY29/01/0254

Traveled all night as a passenger through the night from Seattle, catching rides on FedEx flights to get to Newark (2,400 miles)

Was feeling ill and had considered backing out of the flight, but added, "I'm pretty tough."

Had no previous simulator training or experience of stick shaker or stick pusher went ahead to override the shaker and pusherCo-PilotCaptainExcerpts from Air Crash InvestigationCASE STUDY

29/01/0255

ERROR132CASE STUDYYou have to understand why what people didmade sense to them at the timeHuman FactorsPSYCHOLOGYPHYSIOLOGYBehaviourAttitudesEmotionsFatigueTaste, SmellSleep ManagementJust CultureOperational DisciplineChange Management Error and Error Management Safety Culture and SOPs Stress and Stress managementSituational Awareness CommunicationBASIC HUMAN FACTOR CONCEPTSJust CultureOperational DisciplineChange ManagementIntangible CostsSafety and Financial AffairsLevel of control with rulesNumber of rulesDevelop rulesMotivationAssessmentCommunication SystemsReporting SystemsMaking optimum use of all resourcesResource Management

Question and Answer SessionMathematicsPhysicsTechnical DrawingComputer ProgramingChemistryChemicalEngineering Error and Error Management Safety Culture and SOPs Stress & Stress Management Information Management Decision making Communication Leadership and Teamwork Situational Awareness Workload Management Motivation and MoraleResource Management Conclusion LOSA (Line Operations Safety Audit) FDM (Flight Data Monitoring) CRM (Crew Resource Management) HFACS (Human Factors Analysis andClassification System) TEM (Threat and Error Management) HF (Human Factors)EvaluationManagementResearchResource Management ConclusionResource Management29/01/0261

ConclusionChange ManagementA system that seeks to mitigate effects of inherent risks brought about during the process of change

A system that seeks to mitigate effects of inherent risks brought about during the process of change Identifying required changes Communicate changes to be made Staff buy in Implementing changes Assessing effects of changes taken5 Main Components: Conclusion Identifying required changes Communicate changes to be made Staff buy in Implementing changes Assessing effects of changes taken Identifying required changes Communicate changes to be made Staff buy in Implementing changes Assessing effects of changes taken Identifying required changes Communicate changes to be made Staff buy in Implementing changes Assessing effects of changes taken Identifying required changes Communicate changes to be made Staff buy in Implementing changes Assessing effects of changes taken Identifying required changes Communicate changes to be made Staff buy in Implementing changes Assessing effects of changes takenChange Management

ConclusionChange Management Project/Event Ongoing Project/Event OngoingChanges can be:

ConclusionChange ManagementOBSOLETE LAWSLeis Obsoletas

A pregnant woman can legally relieve herself anywhere she wants even if sheso requests, in a policemans helmet!Alberta: Businesses must provide rails for tying up horsesArkansas: A man can legally beat his wife, but not more than once a month

Oklahoma: Females are forbidden from doing their own hair without being licensed by the state

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OFBASIC HUMAN FACTOR CONCEPTSPRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OFBASIC HUMAN FACTOR CONCEPTS

Obrigado!

George A. SANTOSPrincipal Consultant

aviation@lobenlimited.comwww.lobenlimited.com29/01/0267

SoundJay.com Sound Effects10080.0