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PREFACE
First and foremost, the writer would like to thank the Lord Jesus for His
guidance and unending blessing in which enabled the writer to complete this thesis.
The thesis, entitled, “THE EFFORTS OF NORTH SULAWESI
GOVERNMENT IN BUILDING INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIC
PARTNERSHIP FOR THE 2009 WORLD OCEAN CONFERENCE” was written to
fulfill the academic requirements to obtain Bachelor’s Degree in Social and Political
Sciences in Universitas Pelita Harapan.
The writer believes that this thesis would not have been completed without the
support, prayer, and guidance from people around him. Therefore, the writer would
like to express his gratitude to:
1) Prof. Aleksius Jemadu, Ph.D., as Dean of the Faculty of Social and Political
Sciences of Universitas Pelita Harapan.
2) Susy Tekunan, B.A., M.B.A., M.A., as Head of the International Relations
Department of the Universitas Pelita Harapan.
3) Amelia J. Liwe, Ph.D., as thesis advisor, who gave many valuable supports,
professional guidance, and constructive feedbacks in the completion of this
thesis.
4) Roy Vincentius Pratikno, B.Sc., M.M., as academic advisor, who provided his
time to guide and support the writer.
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5) All the lecturers who have taught the writer so much during the years of
studies in Universitas Pelita Harapan.
6) All the staffs of The Administration Office of the Faculty of Social Political
Sciences.
7) Phillips Wowiling and Ria Dunggio, as my parents, for being the best
mentors, motivators, and inspirations, as well as providing unflagging love
and support throughout my life and my studies.
8) Yishak Wowiling and Fabiola Wowiling, as my siblings, for simply being the
best brother and sister in the world and sharing so many wonderful memories
as we grew up together.
9) Yohan Yosua, Fadi Filip, Victor Santoso, Queency Rachel, Agnes Florencia,
and Stella Harsini for being supportive and bearing with me the good and the
bad times during our journey on this campus.
10) Catie, Danny, Dito, Jossy, Karen, Marc, Ribka, Rica, Riedel, and the rest of
Kawanua family at Universitas Pelita Harapan, for being my family away
from home and providing endless support during my years of studies.
11) And to all the people that cannot be mentioned one by one but have helped the
writer in the completion of this thesis.
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To conclude, any form of criticism, recommendations, or suggestions would
be most appreciated. Hopefully this thesis would be useful to whoever reads it.
Karawaci, January 2016
Timothy Wowiling
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
COVER…………………………………………………………….……….. i
STATEMENT OF THESIS ORIGINALITY……………………………. ii
THESIS ADVISOR APPROVAL………………………………................ iii
EXAMINATION BOARD APPROVAL………………………………… iv
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………... v
ABSTRAK……………………………………………………….……......... vi
PREFACE………………………………………………………………...... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………….…….........
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS………………………………….……..........
x
xii
LIST OF APPENDICES………………………………………………...... xv
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION…………………………………………. 1
1.1 Background………………………………………………... 1
1.2 Research Questions………………………………………... 10
1.3 Research Objectives……………………………………….. 11
1.4 Research Benefits………………………………………….
1.5 Organization…………………………………………….....
11
12
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK………………………. 14
2.1 Literature Review……………………………………….… 14
2.2 Theory and Concepts………………….………………….. 27
2.2.1 Liberalism…………..…………………………….… 28
2.2.2 Diplomacy………..…………………………….…...
2.2.3 Multilateralism………..…………………………….
34
36
2.2.4 Globalization.........................………………………. 37
.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD………………………………….. 39
3.1 Research Method...………………………………………... 39
3.2 Data Collection Technique………………………………... 41
3.3 Data Analysis Technique………………………………...... 42
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CHAPTER IV DATA AND ANALYSIS………………………………...
4.1 The Role of Local Government of North Sulawesi in the
Preparation and Diplomatic Efforts toward the 2009
World Ocean Conference …….............……………….....
4.1.1 National Level………………......………………......
4.1.1.1 Brainstorming Process………………………
4.1.1.2 Communication Process…………………….
4.1.2 Discussion of National Level……………………….
4.1.3 International Level……………......………………...
4.1.3.1 Decentralization of International System…...
4.1.3.2 Widening Content of Diplomacy…………...
4.1.3.3 New Diplomatic Methods…………………..
4.1.4 Discussion of International Level…………………..
4.2 Multilateral Cooperation……………......………………....
4.3 The Implementation of the World Ocean Conference
2009………......................……….......................................
4.4 The Advantages of the World Ocean Conference 2009 for
the Development of North Sulawesi...................................
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION ………......................……….......................
5.1 Conclusion………………………………………………....
5.2 Recommendations……………………………………….....
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………..
45
45
46
46
50
56
60
61
66
71
76
80
88
95
101
101
109
111
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
APEC : Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
ASEAN : Association of South East Asian Nation
ATSEF : Arafura and Timor Seas Forum
CCSBT : Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna
CI : Conservation International
CTI : Coral Triangle Initiative
CT-6 : Coral Triangle Six
CTI-CFF : Coral TriangleInitiative for Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security
CTMPAS : Coral Triangle Marine Protected Area System
CZAP : Conference of Coastal Zone Asia Pacific
EAFM : Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management
EEZ : Exclusive Economic Zone
FAO : Food and Agricultural Organization
GEF : Global Environment Facility
GF : Global Forum
GOPD : Global Ocean Policy Day
ICSU : International Council for Scientific Union
IEA : Indonesian Economists Association
IEDZ : Integrated Economic Development Zone
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IMI : International Marine Institute
IMO : International Maritime Organization
IOCT : Indian Ocean Tuna Commission
IOI : International Ocean Institute
IRIF : International Regional Investment Forum
ISA : International Seabed Authority
IUCN : International Union for Conservation of Nature
LDEO : Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
MOD : Manado Ocean Declaration
MPAs : Marine ProtectedAreas
NOAA : National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NSF : National Science Foundation
ONR : Ocean Naval Research
PEMSEA : Partnership on Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia
RAP : Regional Action Plan
SOM : Seniors Officials Meeting
SSME : Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Eco Region
TNC : The Nature Conservancy
TTEG : Tripartite Technical Expert Group
UNCLOS : United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
UNDOALOS : United Nations Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea
UNDP : United Nations Development Program
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UNEP : United Nations Environment Programme
UNFCCC : United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UN-Habitat : United Nations Habitat
UNICPOLOS : United Nations Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans
and the Law of the Sea
WCS : Wildlife Conservation Society
WCU : World Conservation Union
WOC : World Ocean Conference
WOF : World Ocean Forum
WRI : World Resources Institute
WSSD : World Summit for Sustainable Development
WWF : World Wide Fund for Nature
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LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Monitoring Sheet.................................................................................... A – 1
Proof Read Approval.............................................................................. A – 2
Proofreader’s CV................................................................................... A – 3
APPENDIX B
Manado Ocean Declaration (MOD)....................................................... B – 1
APPENDIX C
Curriculum Vitae.................................................................................... C – 1