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PREFIX PE- in Indonesian Language presented by: Muhammad Arif al Hakim 113 11 016 STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES OF SALATIGA
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PREFIX PE- in Indonesian Language
presented by:
Muhammad Arif al Hakim113 11 016
STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES OF SALATIGA
The Definition of Affix
Affix or addition is morpheme non-basic that structurally embedded in basic word to forming a new words.
e.g. menggunakan (for using)
meng guna kanprefix basic word suffix
Now, we will discuss about PREFIX, especially for prefix pe-
Form of prefix pe- become different depends on the basic words that attached to form (pe-).
e.g. pe + diam (silent) prefix basic word
pendiam (stolid)Gadis pendiam itu telah pergi ke pasar
The stolid girl had been going to market
The Function of Prefix PE-
• Function of prefix pe- is forming a noun with nominalization process based on intransitive verb that prefixed by ber-, or instead from basic word directly.
e.g. tapa (asceticism)
bertapa (meditate or live as an asceticism)
pertapa (hermit / ascetic)
The Meaning of Prefix PE-
NoPOLA KALIMAT ( PATTERN OF SENTENCES )
Subject Predikat ( Verb )
Object( Complement )
Keterangan( Adverb )
1
DiaShe
pembacais reader
novel twilightof twilight’s novel
(a) to express an agents persona (subject): pembaca (reader) pe- + baca (read) penulis (writer) pe- + tulis (write)
2
Dia he
seorang petaruha backer
bolaof soccer
(b) to express a patients persona (something or object), inverse with point (a):
petaruh (backer) pesuruh (lackey)
e.g.
1
Diahe
adalah seorangis a
pelautsailor
di laut pasifikin pasific ocean
(c) someone that usually work in somewhere (profession):pelaut (sailor) pe- + laut (sea)pedagang (trader) pe- + dagang (trade)
2
Pemabuk itu the drunkard
meninggal duniapassed away
kemarinyesterday
(d) someone that fond of make something (habituate):pemabuk (drunkard) pe- + mabuk (drunk)
3
Pemukul ituthe striker
memukulbeat
andiandi
pada malam haritonight
(e) tools or instruments:penyapu (sweeper) pe- + sapu (sapu)pemukul (striker) pe- + pukul (strike)
The Form of Pseudo Prefix PE-
• There is some words apparently includes in prefix pe-. Actually, this words is from basic words that adopted or absorbed from another language or because reduplication in first syllable that started by phoneme /p/.
the form of adopted:o pravira (sansekerta) perwira (officer)o pleister (holland) pelester (plaster)o voorloper (holland) pelopor (pioner)o fatwah (arabic) petuah (advice)
the form of reduplication:o paya papaya pepaya (papaya)o patah papatah pepatah (advice)
The Variation of Prefix PE-No Variation Phoneme Basic Form Example
1.
pe-
peng-
a ajar* pengajar (teacher)
i iring pengiring (accompanist)
u urus pengurus (manager)
o olah pengolah (processor)
* note: prefix pe- become peng-, if adhere to basic form that started with letters “a, i, u, e, o, k, g, h, kh”, like in the word “ajar” become “pengajar”. Letter “a” assimilated to phoneme /ŋ/.
1pe-
pe-
w warta pewarta (correspondent)
r rawat perawat (nurse)
2pe-
pen-
d dengar pendengar (audience)
t tari* penari (dancer)* note: prefix pe- become pen-, if adhere to basic form
that started with letters “d, t, c, j, sy, z”, like in the word “tari” become “penari”. Letter “t” assimilated to phoneme /n/.
1 pe- peny- s*
sayang penyayang (merciful)
2 pe- pem- f*
fitnah pemfitnah (backstabber)
3 pe- penge- * tik pengetik (shorthand typist)
•note: prefix pe- become peny-, If adhere with all of the words started by letter “s”.•note: prefix pe- become pem-, if adhere to basic form that started with letter “b, p, f, v”. That’s first letter assimilated to phoneme /m/.•note: prefix pe- become penge-, if adhere to all of basic form that has one syllable.
pe-
Verblari (run) pelari (runner)bantu (assist) pembantu (assistant)
Adjectivemarah (angry) pemarah (bully)takut (afraid) penakut (coward)
Nounmusik (music) pemusik (musician)rokok (cigarette) perokok (smoker)
Numerialsatu (one) penyatu dua (two) pendua
