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PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 2
Overthenexttenyearstechnologywilladvancesuchthatcostsforplatformsandsensorsmaybereducedwhilecapabilitytomeasureotherparameterswillbeincreased.
Federalandstateeffortswillbecontinuedandtheplandoesnotspecifysourcesofsupport. Theplandescribesanidealizedsystem,nominallytenyearsfromcreation,anddoesnot
dealwithimplementationprioritiesorstrategies.
BelowaresummarytablesforFixed(Table2.1),Mobile(Table2.2),andRemoteSensing(Table2.3)Platformsfollowedbymoredetaileddescriptionsofeachplatforminacommonformat.
TABLE2.1FIXEDPLATFORMSSUMMARYTABLE
Platformname Description Number
Multipurposebuoy/mooringsystem:offshoreandshelfmoorings
Themultipurposemooringswillprovideplatformscapableofmeasuringasuiteofreal‐timeweatherandoceanparameters(physical,chemicalandbiological)thatwillmeettherequirementsofmanythemeareas.Allmultipurposemooringswillnotnecessarilyhavethefullsuiteofsensorsdetailedbelowbutwillbecapableofsupportingthemandwillhavethecapacitytotestnewsensors.Mooringswillcoverarangeofdepthsupto300m;deepermooringsrequireincreasedinstrumentation.
~15buoysgeographicallyspreadthroughouttheregion
Nearshore/estuarinemultipurposebuoys
Designedtoprovideinformationonanumberofissuesbutmainlyfocusingonport/harboroperationsandwaterquality(hypoxia/nutrientenrichmentandminimizingtheimpactfrompollutedwaters).
~15buoyswithamixtureoffixedandmoveablelocations
Shore/pier‐basedsystems
Ashoreorpierbasedstationwillcollectcoastalmeteorologicalandoceandataatkeylocationsandespeciallyinportsandharborswithsignificantmaritimecommerceandwaterqualityissues.
~15Stationsthroughouttheregion
Water‐levelgauge:tidesandwaterlevel
WaterlevelsensorsareinadditiontothosedeployedandmaintainedbyFederalagenciessuchasNOAACO‐OPSandUSGS.Thesemainlyprovidecoastalhazardinformation.
15additionalgaugesincludingmoveableones
Coastalrivergauge Acoastalrivergaugewillmonitorriverflowaswellasthewaterqualityenteringthemarinesystem.
MaintainandaugmentthecurrentUSGSstreamgaugesystemandrestoretopreviouslevelsifpresentcapacitylessthatneeded
Singlepurpose–CoastalDataInformation
Single‐purposebuoytomeasurewavecharacteristicsatagivenlocation.Data
Sufficienttomeetnationalwavesplanbutexact
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 3
Program(CDIP)wavebuoy
transmittedtoandprocessedbyCDIPattheScrippsInstitutionofOceanography.ThisprogramhasstronglinkstotheArmyCorpsofEngineers.
numberisunclearanddependsonlocationofothermultipurposeplatforms
Singlepurpose–molecularanalysisbuoy
CurrentlymolecularanalysissensorssuchastheEnvironmentalSampleProcessor(ESP)usedforHABdetectionrequireadedicatedplatformduetopower,telemetry,andstabilityrequirements.
~6intheregion
Singlepurpose–passiveacoustic/listeningbuoys
Atthemomentthereisanarrayofsingle‐purposeRightWhalelisteningbuoysintheBostonShippingchannel(fundingfromaMassachusettsLiquidNaturalGas(LNG)mitigationaward.
Currently10inregion.
Platformsofopportunity
Onoffshoreenergyinstallationsandfixedgearsuchaslobstertraps
~5well‐instrumented~50withafewsensors
Profilingmoorings(futurevision)
Usedtoprovidehighlydepth‐resolvedinformationatkeysentinellocations.Theymayreplacesomemultipurposebuoys.
Moredevelopmentneeded
TABLE2.2MOBILEPLATFORMSSUMMARYTABLE
Platformname Description Number
Gliders Coastalgliderswillhelpcharacterizetheverticalandhorizontalstructureofthewatercolumnprovidingimportantobservationstosupportmanythemeareas.Routinetransectswillhelpprovideinformationonexternalforcingsuchasvolumetransport.Thisisparticularlyimportantattheregion’snorthernboundarywiththemajorityofthefreshwaterbeingdeliveredacrosstheScotianShelf.Internalsurveysareimportantfordataassimilationintomodels.
7neededtoprovideroutinesurveysatthenorthernboundaryaswellasconditionswithintheregion
Autonomousunderwatervehicles
AUVsrequirelesstimeunderwaterthanglidersduetopowerusage.Poweredpropulsionallowsaccesstomorehigh‐energy/complexenvironmentsthatgliderscannotaccess.Alsoallowsmorecomplexflightpatternsincludingsurveysatasingledepth(e.g.,undersalmonnetpens).
2neededforspecificsitesandtimes(e.g.,tomonitoroxygenunderandaroundnetpens)
Ships(researchandfishing)
Shipscanbeusedtoprovideinformationthatcannoteasilybeobtainedthroughautonomoussystems.Combinationsofresearchshipsandfishingvesselswilldependonlevelofsupportand
8stationsintheregion:Sentinelsitesthatcouldbesampledoverthelong‐term,includingestuarine,
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 4
requiredfacilities.Keyfixedsentinelstationswithbiogeochemical,pelagicandbenthichabitatcomponentsstillrequireships.ValuecanbeaddedthroughcommonprotocolswiththeCanadianAtlanticZoneMonitoringProgram(AZMP).
nearshore,andshelflocations,ideallycollocatedwithotherregionalassets(e.g.,NERACOOSbuoys)
Drifters Student‐built,fishermen‐deployed,satellite‐trackeddrifterstracksurfacecurrents.
Entirenortheastcontinentalshelfwithtypically30unitsactiveatanyonetime
Vesselofopportunity(e.g.ferry)repeatingatransectforextendeddurations
Repeatsmultidisciplinarymeasurements(includingmeteorology,waterquality,currents)athighfrequencies(multipletimesdaily)forextendeddurations(oftenonrepeatedtransects),toaddressmultiplethemeareas.
7criticaltransectsspanningchokepointsincoastalandestuarinesystemstypicallyhavingheavyshipping,fishing,andboatingactivities
AutonomousSurfaceCraft(FutureVision)
Multidisciplinarymeasurements(includingwaterquality,currents,&potentiallymeteorology)multipletimesdailyforextendeddurations,alongarepeattransectwithfullwatercolumncoverage,toaddressmultiplethemeareas.
Moreinformationisneeded
TABLE2.3REMOTESENSINGPLATFORMSSUMMARYTABLE
Platformname Description Number
High‐frequencyradar(HFR)
Land‐basedshort‐andlong‐rangeHFradarsystemswillprovideextensivecoverageofcoastalsurfacecurrentspeedanddirection.
10long‐rangeHFradarshorestations(doesnotincludetheLongIslandSoundsystemsthathavehistoricallybeenfundedbyMARACOOS)13short‐rangeHFradarshorestations
Satellite Satellitesusedtoprovidesynopticcoverageofoceanconditionsaswellasatlocationsnotsampledbyothermeans.Exampleinformationincludes;sea‐surfacetemperature,ocean‐colorproducts(chl‐a,CDOM,non‐algalparticles,phytoplanktongroupsandphysiology),synthetic‐apertureradar(SAR),satellitealtimeter(forvolumetransport),andwinds.
Asavailable
Aerialremotesensingandautonomous
Providespatialinformationofsurfaceandshallowhabitatproperties(e.g.,arealcoverageby
Futurevision(notemplateatpresent)
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 5
aircraft(futurevision) submergedvegetation).
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 6
FIXEDPLATFORMS
Observingplatform‐fixed
Multipurposebuoy/mooringsystem:offshoreandshelfmoorings
Themultipurposemooringswillprovideaplatformcapableofmeasuringasuiteofreal‐timeweatherandoceanobservations(physical,chemicalandbiological)thatwillmeettherequirementsofmanythemeareas.Allmultipurposemooringswillnotnecessarilyhavethefullsuiteofsensorsdetailedbelowbutwillbecapableofsupportingthemandwillhavethecapacitytotestnewsensors.Mooringswillcoverarangeofdepthsupto300m;deepermooringsgenerallyrequireincreasedinstrumentationrequired.
Themeissuesaddressed
1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5,2.1,2.2,3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4,3.5,4.1
Variablesobservedandresolution(spatial,temporal,accuracy)requirements
10‐60minmeasurementsandfinertimeintervalsforselectedparameters.Upto10minutesforhurricane.Wind(speedanddirection):surfaceAirtemperature:Barometricpressure:Irradiance(HeatFlux):surfaceandoneotherdepthVisibility:Waveheight,period,direction,andspectrum:30‐60minutes(2m)Relativehumidity;Watertemperature:1,2,20,and50m;every50mbelow,and1‐2mabovebottom[5or10levels]Salinity:sameaswatertempCurrentspeedanddirection:surfaceandwatercolumnBottompressureDissolvedoxygen:sameaswatertempNutrients(NO3,PO4,othersasavailable):‐3depths(surface,belowpycnocline,nearbottom)Opticalsensors(chla,CDOM,turbidity,irradiance)–samedepthasnutrientsensors.Noirradianceatbottom.Molecularanalysistool(e.g.,ESP)‐5mBiologicalacousticsensors:(onbothmultiandsinglepurposebuoys)Acoustictagdetectors:(currentlydon’ttelemeterrealtime‐developmentneed?)pCO2:1mandbottomPossibleadditionalsensors:Wind(speedanddirectionprofile:upto80mabovesealevel)foroffshorewindenergydevelopment.AISreceivers
AlkalinityTotalCarbonpHFutureVision:
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 7
phytoplankton(abundance,classification,distribution),zooplankton(abundance,classification,distribution)Videocameras(fish)
Sensors(andnumber)
Foramooringin300m:2metstations,1visibilitysensor,1waveaccelerometersystem,1surfaceACDP,1long‐rangeACDP,9CTDswithDO,3opticalsensorpackages,3nutrientsensorpackages,1ESPsensor,bottompressure.
Geographiccover/locationandnumberofbuoys: Slope, Shelf(includesouter‐shelf,mid‐
shelf,innershelf),
~15buoysgeographicallyspreadthroughouttheregion.
[Thisisinadditiontothe~9NDBCbuoysintheregionthatcouldbeaugmentedwithanenhancedsensorsuite]
Operationalrequirements Deployment/Operations(boats,
etc) Maintenance(#ofservice
trips/year) Personnel(#ofFTEs) Replacementneeds(spareparts,
redundantsystems) Other
Capitalcost:~400k /buoy(need1.5buoysperlocation)
OperationsandMaintenance:~40k/yr/buoy
FTEs:1FTE/year/buoy(sumofmultipletypesofpersonnelskilltypes)
2primaryservicetripsperyearand2emergencyservicetripsperyear.
Costsavingsaregainedwithmultiplebuoysoperatedbythesameworkgroup.
Developmentneeds
Developmentneedsincludeimprovedcommunicationssystemstosupporttwo‐waycommunicationsathighdatarates,improvedpowersupplytoextenddeploymenttimeandsupportmoresensors,nutrientsystemsneedadditionaldevelopmentforlonger‐termdeployments(6mo),sensordevelopmentandrefinementformorecomplexsensors,integrationofbuoysystems,etc.
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 8
Observingplatform‐fixed
Near‐shore/estuarinemultipurposebuoys
Designedtoprovideinformationonanumberofissuesbutmainlyfocusingonport/harboroperationsandwaterquality(hypoxia/nutrientenrichmentandminimizingtheimpactfrompollutedwaters).
Themeissuesaddressed 1.1,1.2,1.3,1.5,2.1,3.1,3.3,4.1(Otherissuesmaybeaddressedifsensorsuiteaugmented)
Variablesobservedandresolution(spatial,temporal,accuracy)requirements
6‐60minmeasurementsandfinertimeintervalsforselectedparameters.Sampleevery10minrequiredforhurricane.Wind(speedanddirection):surfaceAirtemperature:Barometricpressure:Irradiance(HeatFlux):surfaceandoneotherdepthVisibility:Waveheight,period,direction,andspectrum:30‐60min(2m)Relativehumidity;Watertemperature:1m,middepthandnearbottom[3levelsmax]Salinity:sameaswatertempCurrentspeedanddirection:surfaceandwatercolumnBottompressureDissolvedoxygen:sameaswatertempNutrients(NO3,PO4,othersasavailable):‐2depths(surface,nearbottom)Opticalsensors(chla,CDOM,turbidity,irradiance)–samedepthasnutrientsensors.Noirradianceatbottom.Molecularanalysistool(e.g.,ESP)‐5mBiologicalacousticsensors:(onbothmulti‐andsingle‐purposebuoys)Acoustictagdetectors:(currentlydon’ttelemeterrealtime‐developmentneed?)pCO2:1mandbottomPossibleadditionalsensors:AlkalinityTotalCarbonpHFutureVision:phytoplankton(abundance,classification,distribution)zooplankton(abundance,classification,distribution)Videocameras(fish)
Sensors(andnumber)
1surfacemetstation(e.g.,Weatherpak)1CTDperdepth(e.g.,SBE37)1DOsensor(e.g.,Anderra/Seabird)1ADCPwithcurrentsandwaves&bottompressure(e.g.,NORTEK/RDI)Nutrientsensors(e.g.SatlanticSUNA,WetlabsCycle‐PO4)
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 9
WetlabsECOtriplet(CDOM,chlafluorescence,turbidity)SatlanticHperOCRforirradianceandradiance(SAMIforpCO2?)Oceanacidification(pCO2,alkalinity,etc)FutureVision:ImagingflowcytobottypeinstrumentforphytoplanktonVideoplanktonrecorderforzooplankton
Geographiccover/locationandnumberofbuoys:
Nearshoreestuariesofnational/regionalimportance.~15buoyswithamixtureoffixedandmoveablelocations[Note:thereare~27estuariesintheregionnamedintheNationalWaterQualityMonitoringNetworkDesign.Observationalneedsintheseestuarieswillbemetwithamixtureofmooredandshore/pierbasedstations.CollaborationwithNERRsandEstuariesPartnershipsessential]
OperationalRequirements
CapitalCosts:$300k
OperationsandMaintenance:$35k
FTEs:0.75FTE/buoy
Developmentneeds
Sameasmultipurposeoff‐shorebuoys
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 10
Observingplatform‐fixed
Shore/pierbasedsystems
Ashoreorpierbasedstationwillcollectcoastalmeteorologicalandoceandataatkeylocationsandespeciallyinportsandharborswithsignificantmaritimecommerceandwaterqualityissues.
ThemeIssuesAddressed
1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5,2.1,3.1,3.3,4.1
Variablesobservedandresolution(spatial,temporal,accuracy)requirements
6‐60minobservations:Notallstationswillhavethefullsuite(dependsonlocation)Shorebasedstationtypicallymeasureatonedepth.Windspeedanddirection:SurfaceIrradianceBarometricpressure:Airtemperature:Visibility:Rainfall:Waterlevel:Watertemperature:Salinity:Current(speedanddirection)Nutrients(NO3andPO4)(Note‐importantforNERRsifincreasedfrequency)DissolvedOpticalsensors(chla,CDOM,turbidity)SubsurfaceirradianceDOpHpCO2Videocameras
Sensors(andnumber)
Sensors/station:metstation,waterlevel,CTDwithDO,ACDP,pCO2,nutrient
Geographiccover/locationandnumberofbuoys:
Coastal(nearshore,beaches,coastal)andInland(estuaries,rivers)~15Stationsthroughouttheregion
Operationalrequirements
CapitalCosts:~$200k (1.25systemsperlocation)
OperationsandMaintenance:$30k/station
FTEs:0.5FTE/station
Developmentneeds
Nutrientsensorsneedfurtherdevelopment.Furtherresearchintobio‐foulingpreventionnecessary.
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 11
Observingplatform‐fixed
Water‐levelgauge:tidesandwaterlevel
WaterlevelsensorsareinadditiontothosedeployedandmaintainedbyfederalagenciessuchasNOAACO‐OPSandUSGS.Water‐levelgaugesmainlyprovidecoastalhazardinformation.
[N.B.:WaterlevelsensorswithpropermaintenanceandcalibrationwillbereferencestationsforNOAA'stidepredictionproducts,andserveascontrolsindeterminingtidaldatumsforallshort‐termwater‐levelstations.]
Themeissuesaddressed
1.1,1.3,1.4,1.5,2.1,2.2,2.3,3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4,3.5,4.1
Variablesobservedandresolution(spatial,temporal,accuracy)requirements
Waterlevel(tides)
Sensors(andnumber) Waterlevelmeasuringsystem
Geographiccover/locationandnumberofbuoys
Inlandandcoastal
15additionalgaugesincludingmoveableones.
Operationalrequirements
Capitalcost:$50k
OperationsandMaintenance:$3k/year/gauge
FTEs:0.2FTEs/year/gauge
Developmentneeds
None
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 12
Observingplatform‐fixed
Coastalrivergauge
Acoastalrivergaugewillmonitorriverflowaswellasthewaterqualityenteringthemarinesystem.
ThemeIssuesAddressed
1.3,1.5,2.1,2.2,3.3,3.4,3.5,4.1
Variablesobservedandresolution(spatial,temporal,accuracy)requirements
Watersurfaceelevation
Discharge
Watertemperature
Conductivity
Nutrients
Sensors(andnumber)
Flowgauge
Nutrient
Temperature
Conductivity
Geographiccover/locationandnumberofbuoys
Inland
MaintainandaugmentthecurrentUSGSstreamgaugesystemandrestoretopreviouslevelsifpresentcapacitylessthatneeded.
Operationalrequirements Deployment/Operations(boats,
etc) Maintenance(#ofservice
trips/year) Personnel(#ofFTEs) Replacementneeds(spareparts,
redundantsystems) Other
TheseareoperatedandmaintainedbyUSGSbutcostswerenotavailableattimeofsubmittingreport.
CapitalCosts:
OperationsandMaintenance:
FTEs:
DevelopmentNeeds
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 13
Observingplatform‐fixed
Singlepurpose–CoastalDataInformationProgram(CDIP)wavebuoy
Singlepurposebuoytomeasurewavecharacteristicsatagivenlocation.DatatransmittedtoandprocessedbyCDIPattheScrippsInstitutionofOceanography.ThisprogramhasstronglinkstotheArmyCorpsofEngineers.
Themeissuesaddressed
1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,2.1,
VariablesObservedandResolution(Spatial,Temporal,Accuracy)Requirements
Waves(height,direction,period,spectrum)Watertemperature
Sensors(andnumber) CDIPbuoypackage
Geographiccover/locationandnumberofbuoys: Slope, Shelf(includesouter‐shelf,mid‐
shelf,innershelf), Potentiallycoastalaswell
Sufficienttomeetnationalwavesplanbutexactnumberisunclearanddependsonlocationofothermultipurposeplatforms.
Currently3intheregion(BlockIsland,JeffreysLedge,HalifaxNS)
Operationalrequirements
CapitalCost:$70k
OperationsandMaintenance:$10k
FTEs:0.125FTEsbuoy
Developmentneeds
None
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 14
Observingplatform‐fixed
Singlepurpose–molecularanalysisbuoy
CurrentlymolecularanalysissensorssuchastheEnvironmentalSampleProcessor(ESP)usedforHABdetectionrequireadedicatedplatformduetopower,telemetry,andstabilityrequirements.
Themeissuesaddressed
3.3
Variablesobservedandresolution(spatial,temporal,accuracy)Requirements
HarmfulAlgalBloomspeciesabundanceandpotentiallytoxicityatasingledepth.Sensorsareconfigurableforanumberofmolecularanalyses.Potentialformeteorologicalandwatercolumnsensors.
Sensors(andnumber) 1ESPandassociatedpower,dataandtelemetryhardware.
Geographiccover/locationandnumberofbuoys: Shelf(includesouter‐shelf,mid‐
shelf,innershelf), Coastal(nearshore,beaches,
coastal),
~6intheregion
Operationalrequirements
Capitalcosts: $200k/buoyandsensors
OperationsandMaintenance:$30k
FTEs:0.5FTEs/buoy
Developmentneeds Itishopedthatsensordevelopmentinthenext10yrwillallowthenextgenerationortwoofthesesensorstobeincorporatedintomultipurposeplatforms.
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 15
Observingplatform‐fixed
Singlepurpose–passiveacoustic/listeningbuoys
Manymarinespeciesvocalizeandpassiveacousticsystemscanprovideinformationontheirlocations(andbehaviors).Atthemomentthereisanarrayof10singlepurposeRightWhalelisteningbuoysintheBostonshippingchannel(fundingfromaMassachusettsLiquidNaturalGas(LNG)mitigationaward.
ThemeIssuesAddressed
1.1
Variablesobservedandresolution(spatial,temporal,accuracy)Requirements
Presence/absenceofRightWhales.
Sensors(andnumber) Acoustichydrophoneswithassociatedpower,data,processingandtelemetryequipment.
Geographiccover/locationandnumberofbuoys: Shelf(includesouter‐shelf,mid‐
shelf,innershelf),
Currently10inregion.
Operationalrequirements
ThesearemaintainedandoperatedbyCornellUniversityandWHOIandfundedthroughanLNGmitigationaward.Costswerenotavailableattimeofsubmittingreport.
Capitalcosts:
OperationsandMaintenance:
FTEs:
Developmentneeds
Needtoincorporateacousticsensorsontomultipurposebuoys.
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 16
Observingplatform‐fixed
Other:platformsofopportunity
Exampleswouldbeoffshoreenergyinstallationsincludingwindandhydro‐kineticpowerandpoweredUSCGATONbuoys.Asimple,modular,plugandplaysensorsuitethatwouldbedeployedbydiversandusepowerandcommunicationsprovidedbytheinstallation.Theexactconfigurationofthesystemwoulddependonthetypeofinstallationandotheravailableinformation.
Fixedgear,suchaslobstertrapsalsoprovidecost‐effectiveplatformstosamplethemarineenvironmentgreatlyexpandingspatialandtemporalresolutionofkeyparametersbyworkingwiththefishingindustry.ForexampletheEnvironmentalMonitoringOnLobsterTraps(eMOLT)programusessimplesensorstomonitorbottomdepthandcurrents.
Themeissuesaddressed 1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,2.1,3.1,4.1(Otherissuesmaybeaddressedifsensorsuiteaugmented)
Variablesobservedandresolution(spatial,temporal,accuracy)requirements
Largermorecomplexsystem(offshoreenergy)Hourlymeasurements,possibilityofmultipledepths,spatialresolutiondependentoninstallationlocations.WatertemperatureConductivity(salinity)Pressure(depth)BottompressureDissolvedoxygenDepthresolvedcurrents(speed,direction)Surfacewaves(height,period,direction)OthersensorsarepossibleincludingOpticalsensors(chla,CDOM,turbidity)OceanacidificationAcousticsforfishtagsHABsCamerasEtc.Simplermoreportablesystem(e.g.,eMOLT)1temperaturessensor1tiltcurrentmeter1camera
Sensors(andnumber) Largermorecomplexsystem(offshoreenergy)1CTDperdepth(e.g.,SBE37)1DOsensor(e.g.,Anderra/Seabird)1ADCPwithcurrentsandwaves(e.g.NORTEK/RDI)Simplermoreportablesystem(e.g.,EMOLT)EMOLTsensorpackage
Geographiccover/locationandnumberofbuoys:
Largermorecomplexsystem(offshoreenergy)Coastalandshelfdepending.
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 17
Shelf(includesouter‐shelf,mid‐shelf,innershelf),
Coastal(nearshore,beaches,coastal),
Inland(estuaries,rivers)
Spatialresolutiondependentoninstallationlocations.Estimateof5installationswith2systemsperinstallation(oneactive,oneforredeployment)Simplermoreportablesystem(e.g.,eMOLT)~50requiredinregionGeographiccoverageoffishingindustry
Operationalrequirements Deployment/operations(boats,
etc) Maintenance(#ofservice
trips/year) Personnel(#offtes) Replacementneeds(spareparts,
redundantsystems) Other
Largermorecomplexsystem(offshoreenergy)Capitalcosts:~$100k/unit(1.5unitsrequiredperinstallation)Operationsandmaintenance:~$20k/unitFTEs:0.25FTEs/unitSimplermoreportablesystem(e.g.EMOLT)Capitalcosts:~$1k/unitOperationsandMaintenance:~$0.5K/unit/yearFTEs:~0.02FTEs/unit/year
DevelopmentNeeds
Largermorecomplexsystem(offshoreenergy)Standardizedsystemneedstobedevelopedwiththeindustrytofacilitateeasydeployment.Untilthencostsremainanestimate.
Simplermoreportablesystem(e.g.,eMOLT)Needforfasttransmittalofobservationstodataaggregationcenter.Real‐timetransmittalpotentialwithsensorstransmittingwirelesslyoncerecoveredtodeck.Alsoneedforenhancedpowersourceonexistingfixed‐gearcamerasystems.
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 18
Observingplatform‐fixed
Profilingmoorings(futurevision)
Usedtoprovidehighlydepthresolvedinformationatkeysentinellocations.Maybedeployedinstandalonemode(withtelemetrywhenprofileratsurfaceorwithdedicatedsurfaceexpression)orwithoffshoreinstallation(e.g.,MVCO/Energysiteprovidingpowerandcommunications).Theymaybeusedtoreplacesomeofthemultipurposebuoysdescribedabove,providinggreaterdepthresolutionandapotentialcostsavingonsensorhardware(onlyonesetofsensorsrequiredforwholewatercolumncomparedtoonesetperdepthmeasuredfortraditionalmooring).Currentlyseenasafuturevisionbecauseprofilingsystemsarenotrobust/developedenoughforsustainedoperations.
Themeissuesaddressed
1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5,2.1,3.1,3.3,4.1(Otherissuesmaybeaddressedifsensorsuiteaugmented)
Variablesobservedandresolution(spatial,temporal,accuracy)requirements
30mintohourlymeasurements,1mdepthresolutionwherepossible.WatertemperatureConductivity(salinity)Pressure(depth)DissolvedoxygenDepthresolvedcurrents(speed,direction)Surfacewaves(height,period,direction)Nutrients(NO3,PO4)Opticalsensors(chla,CDOM,turbidity)OthersensorsarepossibleincludingDownwellingirradianceandupwellingradianceOceanacidificationAcousticsforfishtagsAcousticsforcetaceansHABsCameras(ifsufficientbandwidth)Etc.Futurevisionphytoplankton(abundance,classification,distribution)zooplankton(abundance,classification,distribution)
Sensors(andnumber)
1CTD(e.gSBE37)1DOsensor(e.g.,Anderra/Seabird)1ADCPwithcurrentsandwaves&bottompressure(e.g.,NORTEK/RDI)Nutrientsensors(e.g.SatlanticSUNA,WetlabsCycle‐PO4)WetlabsECOtriplet(CDOM,chl‐afluorescence,turbidity)(SatlanticHperOCRforirradianceandradiance)(SAMIforpCO2?)FutureVision
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 19
ImagingflowcytobotanalogforphytoplanktonVideoplanktonrecorderforzooplankton
Geographiccover/locationandnumberofbuoys:
Coastalandshelfdependingondepth.Smallerscalesystemmaybeapplicableforestuaries.
OperationalRequirements Deployment/Operations(boats,
etc) Maintenance(#ofservice
trips/year) Personnel(#ofFTEs) Replacementneeds(spareparts,
redundantsystems) Other
Capitalcosts:$100‐150k
Seahorse($70‐100k)Wetlabsis~$100k
Operationsandmaintenance:Unclear
FTEs:.025FTEperunitforfieldwork,0.25FTEperyearforDMAC
DevelopmentNeeds
Profilingsystemandcertainsensorsneedfurtherrefinement/development.Autonomousverticallyprofilingplanktonrecorder(AVPPO)isanexamplesystem.Phytoplanktonsensorneedsfurtherdevelopmentandminiaturization.
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 20
MOBILEPLATFORMS
MobilePlatform: Coastalgliders AUV
Mobile:Glidersandautonomousunderwatervehicles
Coastalgliderswillhelpcharacterizetheverticalandhorizontalstructureofthewatercolumnprovidingimportantobservationstosupportmanythemeareas.Routinetransectswillhelpprovideinformationonexternalforcingsuchasvolumetransport.Thisisparticularlyimportantattheregion’snorthernboundarywiththemajorityofthefreshwaterbeingdeliveredacrosstheScotianShelf.Internalsurveysareimportantfordataassimilationintomodels.
Lesstimeunderwaterthanglidersduetopowerusedforpropulsion.Powerpropulsionallowsaccesstomore‐highenergy/complexenvironmentsthatgliderscannotaccess.Alsoallowsmorecomplexflightpatternspossibleincludingsurveysatasingledepth(e.g.,undersalmonnetpens).
Themeissuesaddressed
1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5,2.1,3.1,3.3,4.1(Otherissuesmaybeaddressedifsensorsuiteaugmented)
Variablesobservedandresolution
Watertemperature:Salinity:DissolvedoxygenOptics(chla,CDOM,turbidity)Current(speed,direction,profile)
Sameasglidersbutalsosidescansonarforbathymetrymapping.
Sensors(andnumber)
Sensors/glider1CTD1Opticalpackage1DOsensor1ACDP(note:shortensbatterylife)
Sameasglidersbutalsosidescansonarforbathymetrymapping.
Geographiccover/locationandnumber:
7neededtoprovideroutinesurveysatnorthernboundaryaswellasconditionswithintheregion.Areasampledislimitedbytopography(depth).
Shelfandslope.
2.Needalittlevague.
OperationalRequirements
NERACOOShaslittleexperienceinoperatingglidersandcostswerenotavailableattimeofsubmittingreport.However,MARACOOShasmuchexperienceandtheircostswouldprobablybereasonable.CapitalCosts:OperationsandMaintenance:FTEs:
DevelopmentNeeds
Notsure Notsure
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 21
Mobileplatform:
Ships(researchandfishing)
Shipscanbeusedtoprovideinformationthatcannoteasilybeobtainedthroughautonomoussystems.Combinationofresearchshipsandfishingvesselsdependingonlevelofsupportandrequiredfacilities.Keyfixedsentinelstationswithbiogeochemical,pelagicandbenthichabitatcomponents.PartlybasedontheCanadianAtlanticZoneMonitoringProgram(AZMP)withcommonprotocolswherepossible.
ThemeIssuesAddressed 2.1,2.2,3.1,3.3,(Otherissuesmaybeaddressedifsensorsuiteaugmented)
Variablesobservedandresolution(spatial,temporal,accuracy)requirements
Varyingdepthresolutiondependingonmeasurement.Mixtureofelectronicprofilingsensorsincorporated,netanddiscretewatersamples.1mdepthresolutionwherepossible.PelagiccorevariablesWatertemperatureConductivity(salinity)Pressure(depth)DissolvedoxygenDepthresolvedcurrents(speed,direction)Surfacewaves(height,period,direction)Nutrients(NO3,PO4:surfaceanddeepChlorophyllaPhytoplankton(abundance,diversity,distribution)zooplankton(abundance,diversity,distribution)Opticalsensors(chl‐a,CDOM,turbidity)OthersensorsarepossibleincludingDownwellingirradianceandupwellingradianceOceanacidificationandcarbonateparameters(pCO2)‐sensorneededinLISon“thebold”(?)AcousticsforfishtagsParticulateorganiccarbonconcentrationHABsCameras(ifsufficientbandwidth)Etc.BenthicBenthos(abundance,diversity,distribution)OtherBiogeochemicalpCO2inairmicrostructureandshear
Sensors(andnumber) 1CTDperdepth(e.g.,SBE37)1DOsensor(e.g.,Anderra/Seabird)1ADCPwithcurrentsandwaves&bottompressure(e.g.,NORTEK/RDI)
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Nutrientsensors(e.g.,SatlanticSUNA,WetlabsCycle‐PO4)WetlabsECOtriplet(CDOM,chlafluorescence,turbidity)(SatlanticHperOCRforirradianceandradiance)pC02sensorBongoandverticalringplanktonnetsBenthicsamplingsledsuchasthatdevelopedfortheNortheastBenthicObservatory.microstructureandshearsensor.ImagingflowcytobottypeinstrumentforphytoplanktonVideoplanktonrecorderforzooplankton
Geographiccover:
8stationsintheregion:
Sentinelsitesthatcouldbesampledoverthelong‐term,includingestuarine,nearshore,andshelflocations,ideallycollocatedwithotherregionalassets(e.g.,NERACOOSbuoys)
Operationalrequirements Deployment/Operations(boats,
etc) Maintenance(#ofservice
trips/year) Personnel(#ofFTEs) Replacementneeds(spareparts,
redundantsystems) Other
CapitalCost:(perstation):$25kforCTDandzooplanktonandphytoplanktoncollection.Othercapitalcostsdependentuponwhichsensorsareaddedontobasicsamplingdesign.
OperationsandMaintenance:(perstation)
Annualmaintenancesupplycostperstation:$2.0k
Annualshiptimecostsperstation:$12k‐30k,dependingonvessel
FTEs:(perstation):0.25forCTD,chlorophyllandzooplanktoncollectionandanalysis.1Kfornutrientanalysis;moreforothersensordata;dependentonwhichsensorsareadded.
Note:Centralizedanalysisfacilitiesforanalysistype(e.g.,zooplankton,nutrientsetc).
Developmentneeds
Nodevelopmentneedsforcollectionandanalysisofcorevariables.Developmentneedsforadditionalsensorsdependentonsensor.
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 23
Mobileplatform:
Drifters
Student‐built,fishermen‐deployed,satellite‐trackeddrifterstrackingsurfacecurrents
Themeissuesaddressed
Addressescomponentsof1.2,1.4,2.1,and3.3
Variablesobservedandresolution(spatial,temporal,accuracy)requirements
Surfacecurrents:Combinationofsurface(1m)anddrogued(15m)driftersdeployedmonthlyfromsixlocationsinthecoastalcurrentrangingfromNovaScotiatoSouthernNewEnglandreportinghourlyfixes
Sensors(andnumber)
150unitsarebuiltannuallybylocalstudents.The$500kit/unitmaterialsincludesaAXONNTrackPackGPStransmitterandotherhardware.Studentsdelivertheassembledunitstolocalfishermenwhodeploythematfixedlocationsintheirroutinefishinggrounds.Thedescriptionofthedrifterislinkedfromhttp://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/drifter/.Satellitecost$0.15/fix
Geographiccover/locationandnumberofbuoys:
Entirenortheastcontinentalshelfwith150deploymentsayeartypicallyresultingin30unitsactiveatanyonetime.
Operationalrequirements Deployment/Operations(boats,
etc) Maintenance(#ofservice
trips/year) Personnel(#ofFTEs) Replacementneeds(spareparts,
redundantsystems) Other
Capitalcosts:(perdrifter)$0.5k /unitforparts
Operationsandmaintenance:$0.4k/unit/yearforneworrefurbisheddrifterparts,$0.2k/unit/yearforGLOBALSTARsatellite‐transmissioncost(~2mths)
FTEs:1FTE(0.01FTE/unit/year)dataprocessor/fieldtechnician
DevelopmentNeeds
Additionaltimetosupporttheadvancedresearchproductswouldbeuseful.Potentialtoaddsensorssuchaspassiveacousticreceivers,temperature,etc.
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 24
Mobileplatform:
Vesselofopportunity(e.g.ferry)repeatingatransectforextendeddurations
Collectsmultidisciplinarymeasurements(includingmeteorological,waterquality,currents)athighfrequencies(multipletimesdaily)forextendeddurations,toaddressmultiplethemeareas.Dataproductsusefulfor,e.g.,real‐timedissemination,modelcalibrationandassimilativeinput,baselineclimatecharacterizationandclimatechangetrendidentification.
Themeissuesaddressed 1.1,1.2,1.3,1.5,2.1,2.2,3.1,3.3,3.4,3.5
Variablesobservedandresolution
Surfacemeasurements(meteorological):AirtemperatureBarometricpressureWind(speed,gusts,direction)Incidentirradiance(hyperspectralandPAR)HeatfluxhumidityDownwellingirradianceandupwellingradiance(additionalsensorspossible)Near‐surfacewaterpropertiesmeasurements:WatertemperatureConductivity(Salinity)DissolvedoxygenNutrients(NO3,PO4,etc.)Opticalsensors(chla,CDOM,turbidity)(additionalsensorspossible)Verticalprofilemeasurements:Depthresolvedcurrents(speed,direction)AcousticbackscatterSpatialcoveragehorizontally–shoretoshorebetweencoastalports‐‐usuallyspanningawaterbodythroughwhichimportanttransportofwaterandmaterialsoccurs,forexampleaconstrictionnearthemouthofanestuary.Spatialresolutionhorizontally–canbefinerbutusuallyaveragedtoabout1km.Spatialcoveragevertically–near‐surfacemeasurementofwaterqualityandmeteorological,fullwatercolumnprofilemeasurementofcurrents.Spatialresolutionvertically(currents&backscatter)‐fromafewcmtoafewm,dependingonthewaterdepth.Temporalcoverage–Typicallyyear‐roundformultipleyears,oressentiallyindefinitely.
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 25
Temporalresolution–Typicallybetweentwiceadayand16timesaday;longdurationsamplingenableseffectiveseparationoftidalandnon‐tidalcomponentsofvariability.
Sensors(andnumber)
1surfacemeteorologicalpackage1CTD1DOsensor(e.g.,Anderra/Seabird)1ADCPNutrientsensors(e.g.,SatlanticSUNA,WetlabsCycle‐PO4)WetlabsECOtriplet(CDOM,chlafluorescence,turbidity)SatlanticHperOCRforirradianceandradiance
Geographiccover/Locationandnumberofbuoys:
7Criticaltransectsspanningchokepointsincoastalandestuarinesystemstypicallyhavingheavyshipping,fishing,andboatingactivities.
OperationalRequirements Deployment/Operations(boats,
etc) Maintenance(#ofservice
trips/year) Personnel(#ofFTEs) Replacementneeds(spareparts,
redundantsystems) Other
CapitalCosts(perunit):Fullsensorsystem$50kperunit;initialinstallation$25kperunit.
Thereisonedeployment,scheduledforaplanneddrydockingofthevesselthatrequirescoordinationamongferryoperator,machineshop,marinearchitect,shipyard,andCoastGuard.
OperationsandMaintenance:$10k/unit/year(calibrations,repairs)
FTEs:0.2FTE/unitmaintenance,0.2FTEDMAC
DevelopmentNeeds Additionalsensordevelopment,e.g.,opticalphyto/zooplanktonspeciesidentification.
Additionaldataproductdevelopment,e.g.,creatingtidalcurrentsandnon‐tidalcurrentsdataproducts,andprovidingtheminnearreal‐time.
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Observingplatform‐mobile
Autonomoussurfacecraft
Futurevision
Multidisciplinarymeasurements(includingwaterquality,currents,&potentiallymeteorological)multipletimesdailyforextendeddurations,alongarepeattransectwithfullwatercolumncoverage,toaddressmultiplethemeareas.Emphasisonmeasurementofwaterandmaterialtransportandhowitisdistributedvertically/horizontallyinthetransectplane.Dataproductsusefulfor,e.g.,real‐timedissemination,modelcalibrationandassimilativeinput,baselineclimatecharacterizationandclimatechangetrendidentification.
ASCsaresimilartoglidersintheircapacityforsustainedlong‐durationobservationsatrelativelylowcost.WhenequippedwithADCPandwinchingsystem,theycancollectessentiallythesamesuiteofmeasurementstheglidersgather.However,ASCscarrycertainimportantadvantagesovergliders,particularlyinshallowcoastalareaswithstrongcurrentsandheavyvesseltraffic.Comparedtogliders,ASCsarecapableofhigherspeeds,betterabletostayonatransectinthefaceofstrongcurrents;canprovidemorepowertosensors;andcanmitigatecollisionrisksbetter,duetotheirsustainedsurfacepresenceenablingradarandAIS.
Themeissuesaddressed 1.1,1.2,1.3,1.5,2.1,2.2,3.1,3.3,3.4,3.5
Variablesobservedandresolution
Surfacemeasurements(Meteorological):AirtemperatureBarometricpressureWind(speed,gusts,direction)Incidentirradiance(hyperspectralandPAR)HeatfluxhumidityDownwellingirradianceandupwellingradiance(additionalsensorspossible)Verticalprofilemeasurements:WatertemperatureConductivity(Salinity)DissolvedoxygenNutrients(NO3,PO4,etc.)Opticalsensors(chlaa,CDOM,turbidity)Depthresolvedcurrents(speed,direction)Acousticbackscatter(additionalsensorspossible)Spatialcoveragehorizontally–Typicallya10‐20kmtransectarbitrarilyspecifiedinacoastalorestuarinearea‐‐forexampleacross‐shelfline,arcenclosinganestuarineoutflow,oralong/across‐estuarytransect.
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 27
Spatialresolutionhorizontally–canbefinerbutusuallyaveragedtoabout1km.Spatialcoveragevertically–near‐surfacemeasurementofmeteorological;fullwatercolumnprofilemeasurementofwaterpropertiesandcurrents.Spatialresolutionvertically‐fromafewcmtoafewm,dependingonthewaterdepth.Temporalcoverage–Year‐round.Temporalresolution–Completesa10‐20kmrepeattransectfourtimesdaily;longdurationsamplingenableseffectiveseparationoftidalandnon‐tidalcomponentsofvariability.
Sensors(andnumber)
1surfacemeteopackage1CTD&winchingsystem1DOsensor(e.g.,Anderra/Seabird)1ADCPNutrientsensors(e.g.SatlanticSUNA,WetlabsCycle‐PO4)WetlabsECOtriplet(CDOM,chl‐afluorescence,turbidity)SatlanticHperOCRforirradianceandradiance
Geographiccover/locationandnumberofbuoys:
Transectsselectedforimportanceofwaterandmaterialtransports.Eachtransectabout10‐20kmlongwith10‐20virtualstationsatwhichthesensorpackagewillbewinchedthroughthewatercolumn.
Operationalrequirements
CapitalCosts:$250k (perprototype)
OperationsandMaintenance:$40k/unit/year(repairs,batteries,calibrations)
FTEs:0.5forfieldwork,0.25DMAC
Developmentneeds
ThekeyneededimprovementstoASCcapabilities,whichareunderway,includetheirseaworthinessinhighseastates,andthedurationsoftheirunattendedoperations.One‐monthdurationincoastaloceanconditionsarefeasibleinthenextfewyears,andframeworksfortheiruseareunderdevelopmentbytheCoastGuard.
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REMOTESENSING
OBSERVING‐RemoteSensingHighFrequencyRadar(HFR)
LandbasedshortandlongrangeHFRadarsystemswillprovideextensivecoverageofcoastalsurfacecurrentspeedanddirection.
ThemeIssuesAddressed
1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4.1.5,2.1,2.2,3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4.3.5,4.1
VariablesObservedandResolutionRequirements
SurfaceCurrents:Hourlyvectormapsat2kmspatialresolutioninselectedbaysandestimated6kmresolutionoffshorewithuncertainty
Sensors(andnumber)
10LongrangeHFRadarshorestations(doesnotincludetheLongIslandSoundsystemswhichhavehistoricallybeenfundedbyMARACOOS)13shortrangeHFRadarshorestationswww.codar.com
Geographiccover/Locationandnumberofbuoys
CoastalandShelf
Portablesystemsmaybeusefulforrapidresponse.
OperationalRequirements Deployment/Operations Maintenance Personnel Replacementneeds Other
Costswerenotavailableattimeofsubmittingreport.MARACOOScostsforHFRmaybereasonable.
Capitalcosts:(perunit)
OperationsandMaintenance:(perunit)
FTEs:(perunit)
DevelopmentNeeds 1. Needtodevelopredundantpowerandcommunicationssystemstosupporttransitiontooperationalsystem.
2. NeedtoimproveaccuracyofcurrentestimatesusingnewCODARprocessingsoftwareasshownbyA.Kimirk(?)(WHOI).
3. ThenimplementthisintoregionalcenterofCODARdataassimilationviaNERACOOSserver.
4. Studyofvalueofportablesystemsforrapidresponsetoeventssuchasspills.
Understanderrorsintheactualdata
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 29
RemoteSensing‐Satellite Satellitesusedtoprovidesynopticcoverageofoceanconditionsaswellasatlocationsnotsampledbyothermeans.Examplesinformationincludes;seasurfacetemperature,oceancolorproducts(chla,CDOM,non‐algalparticles,phytoplanktongroupsandphysiology),syntheticapertureradar(SAR),satellitealtimeter(forvolumetransport),andwinds.
Themeissuesaddressed
1.1,1.3,2.1,2.2,2.3,3.1,3.3(Otherissuesmaybeaddressedifproductsuiteaugmented)
Variablesobservedandresolution(spatial,temporal,accuracy)requirements
Seasurfacetemperature(shortandlongrangeradiation)Oceancolorproducts(chl‐a,CDOM,non‐algalparticles,phytoplanktongroupsandphysiology)Surfaceslicks(SAR)Seasurfaceheight(satellitealtimeter)
Sensors(andnumber) Current:MODIS,MERIS,AVHRR,etc.GEOS‐EScaterometryforwindsFuture:
Geographiccover:
Entireregion
Operationalrequirements Deployment/Operations(boats,
etc) Maintenance(#ofservice
trips/year) Personnel(#ofFTEs) Replacementneeds(spareparts,
redundantsystems) Other
CapitalCosts:
OperationsandMaintenance:~10k/year
FTEs:1.5FTE
DevelopmentNeeds
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MODELING&ANALYSISSUBSYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
TheNERACOOSModelingandAnalysissubsystemisbasedontheNortheastCoastalOceanForecastSystem(NECOFS),acoupledatmospheric,waveandoceancirculationmodel.VariousothermodelsareorareanticipatedbeingnestedwithNECOFSincludinghigherresolutionmodels,suchasoneforMassachusettsBay,InundationForecastSystems,waterquality,andecosystemmodels.Modeloutputsareavailablethroughinteroperableweb‐basedservicessuchastheThematicRealtimeEnvironmentalDistributedDataServices(THREDDS).Withthis,furtherspecializedmodels,suchasphysical‐biologicalmodels,areabletobeinitiated.Ahydrologicalwatershedmodelprovidesimportantinputinformationforestuariesandnearshorewaters.
Toprovideamorerobustmodelinginfrastructuremodelingeffortsmaybetransitionedtofederalagencies.However,NERACOOSwillmaintainamorerapidlyadaptableandflexiblemodelingcapacitythatiscloselytiedtostate‐of‐the‐artmodelingefforts.
Theobservingsubsystemiscloselytiedtothemodelingandanalysissubsystem–thetwoprovidinganinformationsystemfortheregion.Observationsareassimilatedintomodels,fillinggapsbetweenobservationswithnowcastsaswellasprovidingfutureconditionswithforecasts.Modelscaninformobservationalstrategiessuchthatmodeluncertaintiesareminimized.Hindcastswhichassimilatehistoricalobservationsallowpasteventsandtrendstobestudiedandassessed.Theyalsoprovidearangeofconditionsthatmightbeexpectedandallowforsimulationofextremeeventssuchashurricanesandnor’easterswithchangedsettingssuchasariseinsealevel
Note:TheShortTermPredicationSystem(STPS)thatusesastatisticalmodeltoforecastsurfacecurrentsfromHFRmeasurementswasnotincludedintheNERACOOSmodelingandanalysissectionasthisisimplementedatanationalscaleandisnotregional.
MODELREQUIREMENTS
NECOFSModelName NortheastCoastalOceanForecastSystem(NECOFS)
TypeofModel(seeabove–e.g.circulationmodel)
CoupledDynamicalatmospheric(WRF)–surfacewave(SWAVE)–oceancirculation(FVCOM3.5+)modelsystem
GeographicDomain(entireregion,specificharbor,etc)
EntireNERACOOSdomain(NewEnglandShelf/GeorgesBank/GulfofMaine/ScotianShelf)
Themes/IssuesAddressed
all
ImportantVariablestobemodeled(seeterms
Surfaceweather:wind,airtemp,RH,barometricpressure,icingpotential
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 31
anddefinitions) Surfaceforcing:windstress,heatflux,moistureflux(E‐P)
Surfacewavestate:significantwaveheight,dominantperiod,directionalwavespectrum,bottomstress
Oceanstate:surfacetemperature,elevation,3‐Dcurrents,temp,salinity,tracers,wave‐currentinteraction,bottomstress
Spatial(horizontalandverticalrequirements)
Horizontal:Regional:1.0‐15km;Coastal:0.1‐1.0km,estuaries,inlets,harbors:10mto0.5km
Vertical:40layers,hybridcoordinate:intheregionaldeeperthan80m,as‐coordinatewith10uniformthicknesslayersfromthesurfaceandabovethebottom,respectively.Intheregionalshallowerthanorequalto80m,asigma‐coordinateisused,wherethemaximumlayerthicknessis2morless.
Temporal Hourlyoutputformostapplications,higherfrequencyoutputavailable
Computinginfrastructure,includingredundancyofoperations
Alinuxcluster:uses24nodes(eachnodeincludes8processors)foroperationofallcomponentsofNECOFS.
Note:thisdoesnotincluderemoteinfrastructuresystem,whichisdescribedinNote1below.
Personnel(FTEs/year)
Thesystemisoperatedautomatically.Afulltimeresearchassociateefforttomaintainandupgradethesystem.
ExpectedInitialandBoundaryconditions
NECPNorthAmericanWeatherForecast;NCEPNorthAtlanticwaveforecast(WWIII);UMassDGlobalOceanforecast;Coastalfreshwaterinput(USGS,UNH,NOAA)
Dataforforecastassessmentandhindcast/update.SeeTable1:NECOFSForecastAssessment/UpdateData(below).
DevelopmentNeeds
1.AddlocalizedFVCOMinundationforecastsystemsasrequested
2.DevelopFVCOMwind‐drivenovertoppingmodule(withACE)
3.HelptransitionNECOFSelementstoNOAANOSCO‐OPSforoperationalforecastuse
4.ImprovecoastalfreshwaterinputsourcetermandforecastusedinNECOFS(UNH)
5.WorkwithNWSAdvancedHydraulicPredictionServicetouseNECOFStoimprovecoastalriverfloodforecasting.(pilotproject‐
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 32
ConnecticutRiver)
6.Nestwithglobaloceanmodel:Global‐FVCOMandGlobalHYCOM
7.Improvethedataassimilationefficiency.
8.Developatwo‐waynestingformulti‐scaledomainsandocean‐atmosphericmodels.
Note1:BackupInfrastructureandDevelopmentNeeds
NECOFSispresentlyrunonChen’sLinuxclusterlocatedintheUMASSDSMASTfacility.ThisfacilityislocatedonthesouthernendofNewBedfordoutsideontheNewBedfordHurricaneBarrier.BecauseoftheexposedSMASTlocation(groundfloorelevation~11ftaboveMSL),theUMASSDadministrationpolicyistoshutpoweroffandevacuatetheSMASTfacilityinadvanceofextremeweathereventsthatcouldcauseflooding.ThisoccurredonFridayAugust26beforeHurricane/TropicalStormIrene.Asaresult,NECOFSwasshutdown,andthe3‐dayforecastsofsurfaceatmosphere/wave/currents/elevationandpotentialinundationconditionsstopped.NECOFSforecastdataarealsousedintheNWS/IOOS“splash‐over”forecasttoolforSaco,Portland,andScituate,sothisinformationwaslost.
ItisclearthatNECOFSneedsahurricane/poweroutageprooffacilityforbackupoperationssothatitcanfunction24/7inallconditions.Herearesomeinitialideasaboutpotentialfacilities:
1.SMASTAT&TBuilding(200MillRoad,Fairhaven,MA)mayhavesuitablespaceandpowerforaLinuxcluster,plushigh‐speedinternetconnections.ItislocatedbehindtheHurricaneBarrierandawayfromthewater,withgroundfloorelevation~37ftaboveMSL.
2.MassachusettsGreenHigh‐PerformanceComputingCenter(MGHPCC)ispresentlybeingbuiltatUMASS‐Amherst(Holyoke,MA)byaconsortiumbetweenUMASS,MIT,HARVARD,BostonUniversity,andNortheasternUniversity.MGHPCCwebsiteishttp://www.mghpcc.org/.RichSignellcontactedChrisHill(EAPS,MIT),aco‐chairoftheresearchcommittee,whowrote:
"The2011MGHPCCSeedFundRFPissolicitingresearchproposalsforcomputerandcomputationalscience.Pre‐proposalsaredueOctober1st,2011.Atotalof$500Kisavailablewithanticipatedawardsizesintherangeof$50K–$150K.ProposalsmustinvolveinvestigatorsfromtwoormoreofBostonUniversity,HarvardUniversity,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,NortheasternUniversityandtheUniversityofMassachusettssystem."
3.NOS:CO‐OPSpresentlyisusingFVCOM3.5aspartofitsNorthernGulfofMexicoshelfforecastsystem.ThesystemisindevelopmentandbeingsetuptorunonthenewNCEPIBMsystem.ThissuggeststhatitwouldrelativelystraightforwardtorunNECOFSontheCO‐OPSfacility.
HurricaneIrenealsohighlightedamajorshortcomingwithNECOFS.Thesurfaceweather/forcingusedinNECOFSisproducedusingourregionalWRFmesoscalemodel.WRFisunabletosimulatedirectlytheveryintensehurricane/tropicalstormsystems.Instead,ahurricanewindmodelmustbeused(embeddedinaregionalWRFsystem)toproducethesurfaceforcingduringahurricane/tropicalstormevent.ChenincollaborationwithKerryEmanuel(MIT)hashindcastHurricaneBobusingsuchablendedforcingwithexcellentresults.Whatisneedednowistoset
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 33
upNECOFSsystemtoautomaticallyswitchtoembedtheNHC(orsimilar)hurricanemodelforecastfieldsintotheregionalWRFforecastfieldstodriveNECOFSduringsuchevents.
AssumingthattheNHC(orsimilar)hurricaneforecastfieldscouldbeobtainedonlineinreal‐time,bothSMASTAT&TfacilityandtheMGHPCCcouldbeconsideredforsettingupabackupfacilityforNECOFS.OnepossibilityistosubmitaproposaltoMGHPCCto1)setupNECOFSforremote24/7operation,2)improveassimilationefficiency,3)reducetimeforforecastcyclefrom24hrto12hr(oreven8hr),4)developandimplementaddinghurricanemodeloutputintooperationalstatus,and5)provideadditionalcomputingpowerasmoreinundationforecastsystemsaredeveloped.TheinvestigatorscouldincludeC.Chen(UMASSD),K.Emanuel(MIT)forthehurricanecomponent,andperhapssomeonewhocouldfocusonthedataassimilationproblem.
Table1:NECOFSForecastAssessment/UpdateData
Variables Datasources Timescale Approach
Windspeedanddirection
NOAAbuoys Hourly Dailywhentheonlinedataavailable
Airpressure NOAABuoys Hourly Sameabove
Significantwaveheightandpeak
period
NOAABuoys Hourly Sameabove.
Wavespectra NOAABuoys Hourly SameaboveSealevel Tidalgauges Hourly Sameabove
Watercurrents NERACOOSbuoys Hourly Sameabove
Watertemperatureand
salinity
NERACOOSbuoys Hourly Sameabove
DO NERACOOSsitesandothersurveys
Monthly Monthly
Nutrients NERACOOSsitesandothersurveys
Monthly Monthly
FVCOMINUNDATIONFORECASTSYSTEMModelName FVCOMInundationForecastSystem(IFS)
TypeofModel Coupleddynamicalatmospheric(WRF)–surfacewave(SWAVE)–oceancirculation(FVCOM3.5+)modelsystem
GeographicDomain Scituate(MA),Saco(ME),restofregiontobeaddedasrequested,andallCTwithUCONNModel
Themes/IssuesAddressed
4.1
ImportantVariablestobemodeled
Surfaceweather:wind
Surfaceforcing:windstress,moistureflux(E‐P)
Surfacewavestate:significantwaveheight,dominantperiod,
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 34
directionalwavespectrum,bottomstress
Oceanstate:elevation,3‐Dcurrents,wave‐currentinteraction,bottomstress
Coastalflooding:waterflowonto(otherwise)drylandandovercoastalstructuresandsubsequentdraining
Spatial(horizontalandverticalrequirements)
Horizontal:minimum~fewm’s
Vertical:minimum<1m
Temporal Hourlyoutputformostapplications,higherfrequencyoutputavailable
Computinginfrastructure,includingredundancyofoperations
ALinuxcluster:10nodes(with8processorspernode)arerequiredforeachregion.(SeeNote1)
Personnel(FTEs/year)
3months/year
ExpectedInitialandBoundaryconditions
LocalFVCOMIFSdrivenbynestingwithNECOFS
DevelopmentNeeds 1.AddlocalizedFVCOMinundationforecastsystemsasrequested
2.DevelopFVCOMwind‐drivenovertoppingmodule(withACE)
3.HelptransitionFVCOMIFSstoNOAANOSCO‐OPSforoperationalforecastuse
NECOFS‐EcosystemModelName NECOFS‐Ecosystem
TypeofModel Ecosystem/waterqualitymodelsystem(systemstructureandparameterscanbeeasilychangedfordifferentapplications)
GeographicDomain Masscoastalwatersoperational;othersectionsofNERACOOSdomainaddedasrequested
Themes/IssuesAddressed
3
ImportantVariablestobemodeled(seetermsanddefinitions)
Nutrientconcentrations,phytoplanktonandzooplanktonconcentrations,dissolvedoxygen,
Spatial(horizontal Canbeadjustedtomeetapplication
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 35
andverticalrequirements)
Temporal Hourlyoutputformostapplications,higherfrequencyoutputavailable
Computinginfrastructure,includingredundancyofoperations
ALinuxcluster.ItshouldbedrivenofflineusingNECOFSoutput.Itrequiresthesamenodes(24)usedforNECOFSforoperation.
Personnel(FTEs/year)
SharewiththetimeforNECOFSoperation:6months/year.
ExpectedInitialandBoundaryconditions
AllboundaryconditionssuppliedbyNECOFSorhigherresolutionsubdomainsofNECOFS(e.g.Masscoastalwaters).
DevelopmentNeeds 1.Identificationandspecificationofapplications
2.Boundaryinputsofnutrients(e.g.,outputofGM‐WICS)
3.Validationforalong‐termsimulation
UNHGulfofMaineWatershedInformationandCharacterizationSystem(GM‐WICS)
ModelName UNHGulfofMaineWatershedInformationandCharacterizationSystem(GM‐WICS)
TypeofModel Hydrological:Watershedfreshwaterandnutrientforecastmodelsystem
GeographicDomain GulfofMainewatershed(NantucketSound–westernendofNovaScotia)
Themes/IssuesAddressed
1,2,3
ImportantVariablestobemodeled
Riverandgroundwaterfluxoffreshwaterandnutrientsintocoastalocean.
Spatial(horizontalandverticalrequirements)
OnLand:6minute(~1nmile)
Temporal Dailyprecipitation,temperature,anddownwellingradiation;
Computinginfrastructure,includingredundancyofoperations
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 36
Personnel(FTEs/year)
~0.5,plusinitialmodelcalibrationandvalidationefforts
ExpectedInitialandBoundaryconditions
VariousNOAAproducts
DevelopmentNeeds Communityvalidationisneeded.
BedfordInstituteofOceanographyWaveWatchIIIModelName
WaveWatchIIIversion3.14
TypeofModel Waveforecast
GeographicDomain Threenestedgrids–NorthAtlantic,EastCoastandGulfofMaine
Themes/IssuesAddressed
1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5.1.6,2.1,3.1,3.3,3.5,4.1,5.1
ImportantVariablestobemodeled
Significantwaveheight,peakandmeanwaveperiod,peakandmeanwavedirection,peakwind‐seaperiodanddirectionandwater‐level
Spatial(horizontalandverticalrequirements)
.1degreefinestgrid,0.2degreeintermediategridand1.0degreecoarsegrid
Temporal Hourlyoutputsformostapplications
Computinginfrastructure,includingredundancyofoperations
linuxcluster,16processorsideal
Personnel(FTEs/year)
1.25FTE
ExpectedInitialandBoundaryconditions
Primaryinputbottomdepthandwindcomponents(COAMPS)wecanalsoincludeinputwaterlevel(tideandstormsurge),andcurrents.
DevelopmentNeeds Waterlevelinput(tideandstormsurge),currentsandaccurateelevation/waterdepthallowingfloodinganddrying.
SynthesisTableforCostEstimation
Model Modeling Variables Computing *Geographic Associated FTE
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 37
Name Subsystems Modeled Resources Cover/Location
Theme/Issue(s)
NECOFS Coupledatmos‐wave‐circulationmodels
Surfaceweather,forcing,waveandoceanstates
Linuxcluster,24nodes(8processorspernode)
(SeeNote1)
Regionwide 1,2,3,4 1
FVCOMInundationSystem
Coupledatmos‐wave‐circulationmodels
Surfaceforcing,waveandoceanstates,andcoastalinundation
Linuxcluster:10nodes(with8processorspernode)arerequiredforeachregion.(SeeNote1)
1.Scituate(MA)
2.Saco(ME)
3.Restofregion
4.CTalreadycovered
4,1 .25
NECOFS‐Ecosystem
Ecosystem/waterqualitymodelsystem
DO,nutrient,phyto‐andplanktonconcentrations
SameasNECOFS:Linuxcluster,24nodes(8processorspernode)
(SeeNote1)
Regionwide Allfour 0.5
JCOOTHydrology
FRAMES(constituentflux,temp)
Discharge,Nutrients,DOC,Temp
Discharge,Nutrients,DOC,Temp
Modest Regionwide Allfour 2forfirstyear,then1/yr
BIOWaveWatchIII
Coupledatmos‐wave
Surfaceweatherforcing,waveandoceanstates
Linuxcluster,16processors
GulfofMaine
EastCoast
NorthAtlantic
Allfour 1.25
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 38
DMACSUBSYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
Asecure,robustandcosteffectiveDataManagementandCommunications(DMAC)systemisrequiredtoeffectivelyintegrate,manageanddistributeregionalobservations,nowcastsandforecasts.TheDMACsystemwillalsosupportthedevelopmentofregionalproductsandservicesdevelopedtomeettargetedenduserneeds.NERACOOSwilladaptanddevelopitsexistingDMACcapacitytomeettheemergingIOOSDMACstandardsandrecommendationsandultimatelyprovidearegionalcapacityfordataintegration,managementanddistribution.
NERACOOSmakesregionaloceaninformationfromobservationsandmodelsavailableinavarietyofways.RobustmetadataisInteroperableweb‐basedservicesallowformachinetomachinecommunications.Portalsfacilitatehumanaccesstorealtimeandhistoricalinformation.Examplesincludeportalsfor;real‐timeseasurfacestateobservationsformariners,historicalclimateandecosysteminformationformanagers,andgeospatialinformationsupportingCoastalandMarineSpatialPlanning(CMSP).Partnershipsareimportantforregionalinformationstewardshipandaccessibility.ImportantregionalpartnersincludetheNortheastCoastalOceanDataPartnership(NeCODP)andtheNortheastOceanDataPortalWorkingGroupforCMSP.
OPERATIONALREQUIREMENTS
GeneraldescriptionofDMACOperationstobecompliantwithIOOSStandards
(asdescribedinWhitepaperandincludesdiscovery,QA/QC,archives)
NERACOOSiscomprisedofseveralsub‐regionalobservingsystemsoffixedoceanplatformsandmodelinggroups.EachprovidesDataManagementAndCommunicationservicesandproductslocally.NERACOOSalsomaintainsaregion‐wideDataAggregationCenter(DAC)withregionwideservicesandproducts.TheregionalDACwilleventuallyprovideaccesstoallNERACOOSobservationandmodelproductsaswellasintegrateotherfederalandstateobservationsandforecastsandprovideacomprehensiveregionaloceandataportal.IOOScompliantwebservices,SensorObservationService,THREDDSDataServer(TDS),WebMappingService(WMS),andWebCoverageService(WCS)existattheregionalandmanyofthesub‐regionalsystems.Weenvisionallofthesub‐regionalsystemsalongwiththeDACmaintainingIOOScompliantwebservicesforaccesstoobservationandmodeloutputs.ThesewebservicesprovideapathwaytotheproductionofrobustaccessanddiscoverymetadataviatheSensorMLandISO19139standardsandeventuallytoemergingQA/QCprocesschaindescriptionsasoutlinedbyQARTOD.AswelltheywillenablearchivingattheNODC.TheNODChasestablishedguidelinesanddevelopedNetCDFCDMcompliancetemplatesandadvocatesTDStoautomatethearchivingofobservationandmodeloutputs.GiventhattheIOOSDMACguidelinesareaworkinprogresstheestablishmentofthesewebservicesrequireon‐goingsoftwaremaintenanceandupdates.TheSOSstandardisalsoundergoingsignificantchangesbytheIOOSandwillrequireupdates.Establishment
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 39
ofwebservicesatallthesub‐regionallevelswouldensuretheabilitytoestablisharobustregionalDACprovidingagatewaytothenationalandglobalIOOSefforts.
RegionalDataManagementEnhancements
NERACOOSthroughit’spartnershipwiththeNortheastCoastalandOceanDataPartnership(NeCODP)hasbegunworkondevelopingregionwideconventionsforISOMetadatatoenableDatasetDiscovery.Thisworkshouldbecontinuedandfurtherworkshopsneedtobedevelopedtospreadtoolstotheregion.XMLencodingdesignedtoleverageJSONandAJAXrequestshavealsobeenadoptedwhichprovideaninteroperablepathwaywithmanywebservicesandvisualizationtools.Tomaintainarobustinfrastructureredundancyforcriticaldataservershavebeenimplemented.
ToensurethewidestpossibleuseofIOOSWebServiceswewillneedtodevelopeasytousetoolsand“cookbooks”providingguidanceforimplementationandupgradepaths.
MaintenanceActions
TheServiceOrientedArchitecture(SOA)ofSOSandTDSsystemsneedtobemaintainedandinoperation24/7forthepriorityareasofMarineOperations,CoastalHazardsandClimateChangemonitoring.Thiswillensurereadyaccesstoreal‐timein‐situobservationsandthedevelopmentoflongtime‐seriesofobservations.Asmentionedabove,thesoftwaretools,librariesandpackagesneedtobeconsistentlymaintainedandperiodicallyupgradedtokeepupwithemergingIOOSstandards,dataformatsandconventions.
CurrentAnnualIOOSRegionalDMACmeetingsinclude:
AnnualNeCODPmeeting QARTOD(hopefullythesewillberestored) IOOSDMACTeam(severalNERACOOSmembersareparticipants) ProductWorkshops ThereisaneedformoreregionwideDMACorientedworkshops
andmeetings(SOS,TDS,QA/QC,Metadata,etc.)toensurecoordinationandmaturityoftheDMACsystems.
DevelopmentNeeds
ViatheDACallthesesystemsareregisteredwiththenationalIOOS.Astheguidanceisdevelopedwewillfacethetaskofensuringthatallthesesystemsarecertifiedandmonitored.
ArrangementsmustbenegotiatedwiththeNODCforanautomatedarchivingprocessandthenreplicatedateachsubregionalsystem.
Effortsareneededtoensurethatallthesub‐regionshaveSOSandTDSserversinstalledandconfiguredandthattheDAChasthelatestversionsinstalledaswell.
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 40
Manyoftheexistingsub‐regionalTDSareoldandneedtobeupgradedandreconfiguredtosupportthemanynewpluginadditionssuchasncWMS(supportforWMSforvisualizinggriddeddata)ncISO(supportforproducingISO19115metadataforNetCDFfiles)andevenncSOS(supportforSOSfromNetCDFfiles).TheseupgradesandworkonthemetadatafrontutilizingncMLwillgreatlyincreasethegoalsofmakingdataavailableinIOOSrecommendedinteroperableformats.ncMLcanalsobeutilizedtoensureregionalNetCDFfilesareCFconventionscompliantperIOOSguidelines.
SYNTHESISTABLEFORCOSTESTIMATIONDMACNeeds ComputingResourcesRequired FTE
IOOS‐compliantDMAC
Dedicatedserversatdataproviderfacilities,whichareideallylocatedinasecurefacilitywithredundantpowertoensure24/7operations.
1
RegionalDataManagement
Dedicatedwebserveranddatabaseserverathostedfacilitywith24/7operatingcapacity.Includes2FTEsdedicatedtoCMSPactivities.
3
Maintenance 1
DevelopmentNeeds
Dedicateddevelopmentserverathostedfacility. 1
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 41
PRODUCTDEVELOPMENTSUBSYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
Toenableinformationtosupportdecisionsproductsortoolsneedtobedeveloped.Thisisaniterativeprocessrequiringscoping,developmentandrefinementsteps.Availablefundinglimitsthenumberofproductsthatcanbeenhancedordevelopedinagivenyear.Theproductsidentifiedfordevelopmentshouldcomefromtheprioritiesidentifiedwithinthevariousworkinggroups.NERACOOSproductdevelopmenteffortscanbeclassifiedintothreelevelsbasedonseveralfactorsthatincludecomplexitytoimplementfromatechnicalperspectiveandtheamountofuserinput/engagementneededtodeveloprequirementsfortheproducts.
FTERoles Productdeveloper–performsuseroutreach,compilesrequirements.Workswithcontent
teamstounderstandneedanddeveloppotentialproducts,developscontent. Graphicdesigner–developsprototypesandvisualinterfaceelements Programmer–writescode,integratesdata,developsfunctionality Producttester–interactswithproductsinbetamodetoidentifybugsandproblems.
Worksunderdirectionofproductdeveloper.
Levelsofproductdevelopment
FTErequirements
Simple Extensiontoexistingproducts:($5‐$10k)
Additionofnewsensors/obsplatformstoexistingproduct(sensorsaresimilartowhatisalreadybeingserved)
Extensionofproducttonewlocation(e.g.splashovertool)
Maintenance/troubleshootingofexistingproducts(factorsomeamountforeachproducttodealwithbugs,userdifficulty,customersupport,upgradestosoftware,etc)
Requiresminimaluserneeds/testing
Programmer‐.04FTE
ProductDeveloper‐.03FTE
Ifstaffedupwithafull‐timestaffthatincludestheroleslistedabove,thenumberofproductstobedevelopedattheSimplelevelcouldbebetween20‐25peryear,notincludingotherDMACservicesorlesscomplexproducts.
Medium
Complexextensiontoexistingproduct,newstraightforwardproduct
Additionofnewtypeofsensor/obsplatform(e.g.rightwhalebuoys)
Integrationofdata Requiressomelevelofuser
needs/testing
Programmer‐.15FTE
ProductDeveloper
Ifstaffedupwithafull‐timestaffthatincludestheroleslistedabove,thenumberofproductstobedevelopedat
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 42
($10‐$50k) ‐.13FTE
GraphicDesigner‐.05FTE
ProductTester‐.04FTE
theMediumlevelcouldbebetween6‐8peryear,notincludingotherDMACservicesorlesscomplexproducts.
Complex Newproductrequiringuserinput($50‐$100k)
Multi‐variate(modelplusobservation)
Highfunctionality(graphing,dataanalysis)
Complexityofdata(dataproductsforatlaswork)
Customproductforoneusertype(boater’sapp)
Requireshighlevelofuserneeds/testing
Programmer‐.25FTE
ProductDeveloper‐.25FTE
GraphicDesigner‐.15FTE
ProductTester‐.15FTE
Ifstaffedupwithafull‐timestaffthatincludestheroleslistedabove,thenumberofproductstobedevelopedattheComplexlevelcouldbebetween3‐4peryear,notincludingotherDMACservicesorlesscomplexproducts.
Ageneralyear‐to‐yearrecommendationmightbetodevelop1Complexproduct,3Mediumproducts,and8Simpleproducts.Effortsshouldbemadetobalancetheneedsfromthevariousfocusareassothateachareacanbenefitfromthedevelopmentofnewproductsanddecisionsupporttoolsoverthecourseofseveralyears.
Thesefiguresareroughestimatesbasedonbudgetsfrompreviousdevelopmenteffortsfortheregion.Costsavingscanbefoundrelativelyeasilybyleveragingexistingproducts,sharingideasandcodewiththeotherRAs,andgenerallynotreinventingthewheelunlessabsolutelynecessary.IdeassuchasthedevelopmentofanIOOSproductregistry/coderepository/appstoreshouldbeinvestigatedandimplemented.Well‐documentedproductscouldbeadaptedtonewregionswithgreaterefficiencyandminimalefforttoreducedevelopmentcostsfortheindividualRAs.ThiswillallowformoreneedstobemetbytheIOOScommunityatlargerwithasmallerbudget.
Earlierthisyear,NERACOOSformedaproductdevelopmentworkinggroup.Thisgroupworkstounderstandtheneedscomingoutoftheindividualworkgroupsanddeterminewhatproductscouldbedevelopedtomeetthoseneeds.Adraftlistofpotentialproductswasdevelopedbythisgroupandisoutlinedbelow.
SYNTHESISTABLEFORCOSTESTIMATION
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 43
ProductName
Development ComputingResources
*GeographicCover/Location
AssociatedTheme/Issue(s)
FTEs Description
CoastalErosionandFlooding
SIMPLE/MEDIUM
Determineareastoextendproduct,collectstormdatum,identifyandacquiremodeloutputandforecastfeeds.
Modifycodeanddisplay.
Modelfeedintegration
Datafeedintegration
Websoftwaredevelopment
Graphicdesign
Pointspecific,notforentireregion.Canbeextendedtoasmanylocationsasneedediftheinformationisthere.
CoastalHazards
Programmer‐.04FTE
ProductDeveloper‐.03FTE
Extensionofexistingtooltonewareas,additionofreal‐timedata,failovermodelsandbeacherosionforecast.
RegionalIndicators
MEDIUM
Determinescopeandrequirements
Datafeedintegration
Websoftwaredevelopment
GraphicDesign
TBD ClimateChange
Programmer‐.15FTE
ProductDeveloper‐.13FTE
GraphicDesigner‐.05FTE
ProductTester‐.04FTE
migrateselectedNERACOOSinformationintocustomized,value‐addedenvironmentalandeconomicindicators(documents,graphs,synthesisreports,andonlinetools)
EnvironmentalEventsReportingTool
MEDIUM
Determinescopeandrequirements
Datafeedintegration
Websoftwaredevelopment
GraphicDesign
NERACOOSregion
CoastalHazards
Programmer‐.15FTE
ProductDeveloper‐.13FTE
GraphicDesigner‐.05FTE
Displayreal‐timewarnings,allowuserstoaccessandviewahistoryofwarnings,andsignupforalerts
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 44
ProductTester‐.04FTE
BeachWaterQualityTool
COMPLEX
Determinescopeandrequirements
Modelfeedintegration
Datafeedintegration
Websoftwaredevelopment
GraphicDesign
Pointspecificlocations
CoastalHazards
Programmer‐.25FTE
ProductDeveloper‐.25FTE
GraphicDesigner‐.15FTE
ProductTester‐.15FTE
EstimatepathogenlevelsatScituate,MA,andSaco,ME(selectedbecausetheybothhavemultiplebeachesandshellfishareas,theavailabilityofsufficientpublically‐availabledataandthehighresolutionNECOFSsub‐models)
Hydrologicalriverdischargeforecast
MEDIUM
Determinescopeandrequirements
Modelfeedintegration
Datafeedintegration
Websoftwaredevelopment
GraphicDesign
Pointspecificlocations
Ecosystems
Programmer‐.15FTE
ProductDeveloper‐.13FTE
GraphicDesigner‐.05FTE
ProductTester‐.04FTE
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 45
Virtualtidestationsandwavebuoys
SIMPLE
Determinescopeandrequirements
Modelfeedintegration
Datafeedintegration
Websoftwaredevelopment
GraphicDesign
Pointspecificlocationsextendedtoentireregion
IntegratedProducts
Programmer‐.04FTE
ProductDeveloper‐.03FTE
Modelintercomparison
MEDIUM/COMPLEX
Determinescopeandrequirements
Modelfeedintegration
Datafeedintegration
Websoftwaredevelopment
GraphicDesign
Entireregion IntegratedProducts
Programmer
ProductDeveloper‐.25FTE
GraphicDesigner‐.15FTE
ProductTester‐.15FTE
Highresolutionforecastforatriskports
MEDIUM
Determinescopeandrequirements
Modelfeedintegration
Datafeedintegration
Websoftwaredevelopment
GraphicDesign
Pointspecificlocations–ports
MarineOperations
Programmer‐.15FTE
ProductDeveloper‐.13FTE
GraphicDesigner‐.05FTE
ProductTester‐.04FTE
Vesseltracking
MEDIUM
Determinescopeandrequirements
Datafeedintegration
Websoftware
Entireregionwheredataisavailable
MarineOperations
Coastal
Programmer‐.15FTE
Product
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 46
development
GraphicDesign
Hazards Developer‐.13FTE
GraphicDesigner‐.05FTE
ProductTester‐.04FTE
Climatologiesfrombuoydata
MEDIUM
Determinescopeandrequirements
Datafeedintegration
Websoftwaredevelopment
GraphicDesign
Entireregion MarineOperations
CoastalHazards
Programmer‐.15FTE
ProductDeveloper‐.13FTE
GraphicDesigner‐.05FTE
ProductTester‐.04FTE
Developdisplayandaccesstoclimatologiesforallbuoylocationsthathaveenoughdata
USCG24hrwindanalysis
MEDIUM
Determinescopeandrequirements
Datafeedintegration
Websoftwaredevelopment
GraphicDesign
Entireregion MarineOperations
CoastalHazards
Programmer‐.15FTE
ProductDeveloper‐.13FTE
GraphicDesigner‐.05FTE
ProductTester‐.04FTE
ProvidesUSCGalertand/oranalysiswhen24hrwindsreachacertainthreshold
Wavedatadisplay
Determinescopeandrequiremen
Modelfeedintegration
Entireregion MarineOperations
Programmer‐.04
Providewavedatadisplaysimilarto
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 47
SIMPLE ts Datafeedintegration
Websoftwaredevelopment
GraphicDesign
CoastalHazards
FTE
ProductDeveloper‐.03FTE
NDBCorCDIPforNERACOOSbuoys
Productuserguidesanddescription
SIMPLE
Determinescopeandrequirements
Developpagestosupportuseofproducts.Minimalwebdevelopmentneeded
Entireregion IntegratedProducts
Programmer‐.04FTE
ProductDeveloper‐.03FTE
ProvidehowtoguidesforNERACOOSproductsandexplanationofdifferentforecastsprovided
USGShistoricalnear‐bottomcurrent,temperatureandturbiditydata
MEDIUM
Determinescopeandrequirements
Pointspecificcouldbeextendedtoentireregion
IntegratedProducts
Programmer‐.15FTE
ProductDeveloper‐.13FTE
GraphicDesigner‐.05FTE
ProductTester‐.04FTE
RegionalProductsDirectory
SIMPLE
Identifyproducts,developcontent
Buildpagesanddirectory
Minimalwebprogramming,somedesign
Entireregion IntegratedProducts
Programmer‐.04FTE
ProductDeveloper‐.03FTE
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 48
RESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENT
INTRODUCTION
Todevelop,operate,andmaintainafullyintegratedobservingsystemthatachievesthesocietalgoalsofIOOSwillrequirecontinuedinvestmentinresearchanddevelopment(R&D).ThisR&Dincludesactivitiestoadvanceourknowledgeofhowthecoastal,oceanic,andGreatLakeswatersandtheirecosystemsfunction,todevelopthesensorsandplatformsnecessarytorapidlydetectchangesintheecosystemanditscapacitytoprovidegoodsandservices,andtodevelopthetoolsnecessarytopredictsuchchanges.AlthoughIOOSisaimedatoperationalobservingsystemsratherthanR&D,theRegionalAssociationshaveauniqueroleinidentifyingandprioritizingtheregionalrequirementsforR&D,aswellasthenecessarytransitionsfromresearchprojecttopilotprojecttopre‐operationalactivitiestooperationalsystems.
OPERATIONALREQUIREMENTS PersonneltogatherR&Drequirements Forums(e.g.,workshops)onR&Drequirements Conceptdevelopmentforpilotprojects
SYNTHESISTABLEFORCOSTESTIMATIONR&DNeed Associated
ThemePersonnelandothercosts
RARole RoleofOthers
AdoptionProcess
DeterminationofstakeholderrequirementsneedingR&D
All .25 Gatherregionalinformationandprioritizerequirements
SponsoredworkshopsorotherforumsonR&Dneeds
$30keverythreeyears
Toidentifyneedsandsolutions
R&DNeed1BroadscopeSensordevelopment(HAB,nutrients,pathogens,phytoplankton,
Zooplankton,
All Recommendorendorseproject.Providetestbedaccesstoplatforms.
PartnerandfundunlessIOOSfundingexpands
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 49
etc.)
R&DNeed2
Biofoulingprevention
All Recommendorendorseproject.Providetestbedaccesstoplatforms.
PartnerandfundunlessIOOSfundingexpands
System,power,datamanagement,andtelemetryimprovements
All Recommendorendorseproject.Providetestbedaccesstoplatforms.
PartnerandfundunlessIOOSfundingexpands
Platform/systemdevelopment(e.g.Profilingmoorings,autonomoussurfacecraft,platformofopportunitysystems)
All Recommendorendorseproject.Providetestbedaccesstoplatforms.
PartnerandfundunlessIOOSfundingexpands
ImprovementstoNECOFS‐General
All Recommendorendorselargerscaleprojectsincludingdevelopinghardenedinfrastructure.Alsosmallimprovementsaspartofsystemdevelopment.
PartnerandfundunlessIOOSfundingexpands
ImprovementstoNECOFSInundationForecastSystem–adaptationfor
4.1,2.3 Recommendorendorselargerscaleprojects.Alsosmallimprovements
PartnerandfundunlessIOOSfunding
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 50
otherlocations aspartofsystemdevelopment.
expands
ImprovementstoNECOFSEcosystem/Waterquality
1.Identificationandspecificationofapplications
2.Boundaryinputsofnutrients(e.g.,outputofGM‐WICS)
3.Validationforalong‐termsimulation
3 Recommendorendorselargerscaleprojects.Alsosmallimprovementsaspartofsystemdevelopment.
PartnerandfundunlessIOOSfundingexpands
UNHGulfofMaineWatershedInformationandCharacterizationSystem(GM‐WICS)‐Furtherdevelopmentofsystemintomoreoperationalsystem
All Recommendorendorselargerscaleprojects.Alsosmallimprovementsaspartofsystemdevelopment.
PartnerandfundunlessIOOSfundingexpands
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 51
TRAININGANDEDUCATIONSUBSYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
NERACOOSengagesstakeholdergroupsthroughtailoredtrainingandeducationactivitiesaswellasproductdevelopment.Educationstakeholdersincludethoseinbothformal(Kthroughgraduateschool)andinformal(museums,aquaria,andsciencecenters)settings.Otherstakeholdersincludemarineresourcemanagers,publichealthofficials,energyindustry,fishermen,boaters,tourismindustry,emergencyresponders,maritimeoperations,real‐estateandinsuranceindustry.TrainingthenextgenerationofoceanobservingprofessionalsisessentialtotheongoingoperationanddevelopmentofoceanobservingsystemssuchasNERACOOS.
TARGETAUDIENCESo Stakeholdergroups(e.g.,marineresourcemanagers,publichealthofficials,energyindustry,
fishermen,boaters,tourismindustry,emergencyresponders,maritimeoperations,real‐estateandinsuranceindustry)
o FormaleducatorsandOceanEducationPartners(K‐GraduateSchool)o Informaleducationaudiences(museums,aquaria,sciencecenters)o Internal‐ProfessionaldevelopmentforRAstaff/councilandcommitteemembers
OPERATIONALANDINFORMATIONREQUIREMENTS(BRIEFLYDESCRIBEBYPRODUCTORSERVICE)
SYNTHESISTABLEFORCOSTESTIMATIONTargetaudience
ProductorService DevelopmentCosts
DistributionCosts
FTEs
Stakeholdergroups
Continuestakeholderworkshopstounderstandinformationneeds
Facilitate“thinktank”meetingsfordataprovidersandproductdeveloperstofosterthedevelopmentofnovelproducts,avoidduplicityofefforts,andestablishredundancieswhereneeded.
CreateadirectoryofIOOSExperts(pointsofcontact)availableforspecifictopics,andwillingtospeakorparticipateatvariousvenues.
Providetechnicaltrainingtoappropriateaudienceswhen
2FTEs
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 52
productslaunched
Createstakeholder‐specificdisplaysorpresentationstoshareatappropriatevenues
DevelopkiosksthatmakeRTDavailableatpublicplaces(e.g.,marinas,fishingpiers,boatramps,beachsidehotelsandrestaurants,diveshops,etc.)
Stakeholder(DecisionMakers)
Developmentoftrainingmaterialsandtrainingonhowtouse/implementdecisionsupportproducts(workshops,webinars,tutorials,etc.)
$10K $10Kperworkshop
Stakeholder(R&Dpartners)
Engagementtodefineregionalpriorityresearchanddevelopmentneeds.Workshops,webinarsetc,
R&DandOL‐engagescientists,broadenparticipation.WorkwithCOSEEonBroaderImpactsinitiative.
Fellowshipsfortrainingnextgenerationofoceanobservingprofessionals
$50kperfellowship(salaryandtravel)
$10Kformeetingtraveletc
Stakeholder(AudienceSeekers–Electedofficials)
Educationalmeetingsandsupportingmaterials
$20kforconsultantstoassistwithelectedofficialeducation
$5Kformeetingtraveletc.
Meetingschedulingandtracking,developmaterials,printmaterials,etc
Stakeholder(AudienceSeekers–MediaandPublic)
Pressreleases,mediaeventsetc.
Website
Newsletter
ConsistentMessaging‐implementcommunication
$20ktodevelopandconductevents
$10‐20Kforwebdevelopment
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 53
strategy
FormaleducatorsandOceanEducationPartners(K‐GraduateSchool)
Workshopstodevelopandsharelessonplans
Visits/webinarswithclassesandteachersetc.
$25K/workshop Website
Trainingfortechnologiesandproducts
i. Workshops,webinarsii. Tutorialsiii. Trainingmaterials
Collaborationwithoceaneducationpartners(local,regional,andnational).Supportpartnershipsthrough:
i. Attendmeetings(NMEA,NSTA,etc)
ii. Participateinprojects(COSEE,OOI,etc)
$10ktravelandregistration
Informaleducationaudiences(museums,aquaria,sciencecenters)
Exhibitdevelopmentandmaintenance,developoneexhibiteverythreeyearsinsciencecenterorpublicspace
Programdevelopmentandtraining
MeetingstobringawarenesstoIOOS(ex.FishermenForums,PortSafetyMeetings,etc.)
ProvideProfessionalDevelopmentopportunitiesforstaffanddocents
CreateacommunityofCitizenScientiststhattakeownershipofspecificwaterways
$50‐100K/exhibit
Programtraining$10K
Internal‐Professionaldevelopment
ProfessionaldevelopmentforRAstaff/councilandcommitteemembers
$5kprofessionaldevelopment
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forRAstaff/councilandcommitteemembers
FacilitatedialogueamongcouncilsandcommitteestoenabledevelopmentofafullyintegratedRegionalOperationsCenter
CreateanIOOStoolboxthatwillenableallIOOSeducatorstocommunicateconsistentmessages,sharesuccessfuldataapplicationsandextendsuccessfulprogramsbeyondindividualRAs
CrossCutting EstablishroutinePublicBroadcastingmessagesabouttheregion
NewsstationsbroadcastIOOSinformationonadailybasis
PublicradiomessagesincludeIOOSinformation
Newsletter
Website
PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 55
GOVERNANCEANDMANAGEMENTSUBSYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
TheadministrationandmanagementofNERACOOSrequiresdedicatedfulltimestaffandcontractsupport.Regularoperationsincludeadministrationoftheorganization(financialandpersonnelmanagement,legalsupport,officespaceandequipment,etc.),supportfortheBoardofDirectors,StrategicPlanningandImplementation(SPI)Team,andworkinggroups,aswellasmanagementoftheobservingsystemandotherdutiesrelatedtothemanagementandoversightoftheorganization.Staffinglevelsdependonthesizeoftheobservingsystem.
SYNTHESISTABLEFORCOSTESTIMATION Office
Space*OfficeEquipmentandSupplies
FTEs
BoardandOrganizationSupportandManagement
90ft2
60ft2
60ft2
1ExecutiveDirector
1ProgramCoordinator
1AA
ObservingSystemManagement
60ft2 1TechnicalDirector
Financial,Legal,PersonnelManagement
60ft2 1BusinessandGrantsManager
.20Legalcontract
A133annualaudit(~$17Kin2011)
Other
MeetingSpace
Evaluation(contractual)
Communications
Meetingsupport
Membershipfees
Travel
150ft2
0.25FTE
~$5kin2011
~$6,500Kin2011
~$10Kin2011
~$40Kin2011
Total 480ft2 ~$15Kin2011