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PreliminaryBuild‐outPlanfortheNortheastSeptember2011 2

Overthenexttenyearstechnologywilladvancesuchthatcostsforplatformsandsensorsmaybereducedwhilecapabilitytomeasureotherparameterswillbeincreased.

Federalandstateeffortswillbecontinuedandtheplandoesnotspecifysourcesofsupport. Theplandescribesanidealizedsystem,nominallytenyearsfromcreation,anddoesnot

dealwithimplementationprioritiesorstrategies.

BelowaresummarytablesforFixed(Table2.1),Mobile(Table2.2),andRemoteSensing(Table2.3)Platformsfollowedbymoredetaileddescriptionsofeachplatforminacommonformat.

TABLE2.1FIXEDPLATFORMSSUMMARYTABLE

Platformname Description Number

Multipurposebuoy/mooringsystem:offshoreandshelfmoorings

Themultipurposemooringswillprovideplatformscapableofmeasuringasuiteofreal‐timeweatherandoceanparameters(physical,chemicalandbiological)thatwillmeettherequirementsofmanythemeareas.Allmultipurposemooringswillnotnecessarilyhavethefullsuiteofsensorsdetailedbelowbutwillbecapableofsupportingthemandwillhavethecapacitytotestnewsensors.Mooringswillcoverarangeofdepthsupto300m;deepermooringsrequireincreasedinstrumentation.

~15buoysgeographicallyspreadthroughouttheregion

Nearshore/estuarinemultipurposebuoys

Designedtoprovideinformationonanumberofissuesbutmainlyfocusingonport/harboroperationsandwaterquality(hypoxia/nutrientenrichmentandminimizingtheimpactfrompollutedwaters).

~15buoyswithamixtureoffixedandmoveablelocations

Shore/pier‐basedsystems

Ashoreorpierbasedstationwillcollectcoastalmeteorologicalandoceandataatkeylocationsandespeciallyinportsandharborswithsignificantmaritimecommerceandwaterqualityissues.

~15Stationsthroughouttheregion

Water‐levelgauge:tidesandwaterlevel

WaterlevelsensorsareinadditiontothosedeployedandmaintainedbyFederalagenciessuchasNOAACO‐OPSandUSGS.Thesemainlyprovidecoastalhazardinformation.

15additionalgaugesincludingmoveableones

Coastalrivergauge Acoastalrivergaugewillmonitorriverflowaswellasthewaterqualityenteringthemarinesystem.

MaintainandaugmentthecurrentUSGSstreamgaugesystemandrestoretopreviouslevelsifpresentcapacitylessthatneeded

Singlepurpose–CoastalDataInformation

Single‐purposebuoytomeasurewavecharacteristicsatagivenlocation.Data

Sufficienttomeetnationalwavesplanbutexact


Program(CDIP)wavebuoy

transmittedtoandprocessedbyCDIPattheScrippsInstitutionofOceanography.ThisprogramhasstronglinkstotheArmyCorpsofEngineers.

numberisunclearanddependsonlocationofothermultipurposeplatforms

Singlepurpose–molecularanalysisbuoy

CurrentlymolecularanalysissensorssuchastheEnvironmentalSampleProcessor(ESP)usedforHABdetectionrequireadedicatedplatformduetopower,telemetry,andstabilityrequirements.

~6intheregion

Singlepurpose–passiveacoustic/listeningbuoys

Atthemomentthereisanarrayofsingle‐purposeRightWhalelisteningbuoysintheBostonShippingchannel(fundingfromaMassachusettsLiquidNaturalGas(LNG)mitigationaward.

Currently10inregion.

Platformsofopportunity

Onoffshoreenergyinstallationsandfixedgearsuchaslobstertraps

~5well‐instrumented~50withafewsensors

Profilingmoorings(futurevision)

Usedtoprovidehighlydepth‐resolvedinformationatkeysentinellocations.Theymayreplacesomemultipurposebuoys.

Moredevelopmentneeded

TABLE2.2MOBILEPLATFORMSSUMMARYTABLE


Gliders Coastalgliderswillhelpcharacterizetheverticalandhorizontalstructureofthewatercolumnprovidingimportantobservationstosupportmanythemeareas.Routinetransectswillhelpprovideinformationonexternalforcingsuchasvolumetransport.Thisisparticularlyimportantattheregion’snorthernboundarywiththemajorityofthefreshwaterbeingdeliveredacrosstheScotianShelf.Internalsurveysareimportantfordataassimilationintomodels.

7neededtoprovideroutinesurveysatthenorthernboundaryaswellasconditionswithintheregion

Autonomousunderwatervehicles

AUVsrequirelesstimeunderwaterthanglidersduetopowerusage.Poweredpropulsionallowsaccesstomorehigh‐energy/complexenvironmentsthatgliderscannotaccess.Alsoallowsmorecomplexflightpatternsincludingsurveysatasingledepth(e.g.,undersalmonnetpens).

2neededforspecificsitesandtimes(e.g.,tomonitoroxygenunderandaroundnetpens)

Ships(researchandfishing)

Shipscanbeusedtoprovideinformationthatcannoteasilybeobtainedthroughautonomoussystems.Combinationsofresearchshipsandfishingvesselswilldependonlevelofsupportand

8stationsintheregion:Sentinelsitesthatcouldbesampledoverthelong‐term,includingestuarine,


requiredfacilities.Keyfixedsentinelstationswithbiogeochemical,pelagicandbenthichabitatcomponentsstillrequireships.ValuecanbeaddedthroughcommonprotocolswiththeCanadianAtlanticZoneMonitoringProgram(AZMP).

nearshore,andshelflocations,ideallycollocatedwithotherregionalassets(e.g.,NERACOOSbuoys)

Drifters Student‐built,fishermen‐deployed,satellite‐trackeddrifterstracksurfacecurrents.

Entirenortheastcontinentalshelfwithtypically30unitsactiveatanyonetime

Vesselofopportunity(e.g.ferry)repeatingatransectforextendeddurations

Repeatsmultidisciplinarymeasurements(includingmeteorology,waterquality,currents)athighfrequencies(multipletimesdaily)forextendeddurations(oftenonrepeatedtransects),toaddressmultiplethemeareas.

7criticaltransectsspanningchokepointsincoastalandestuarinesystemstypicallyhavingheavyshipping,fishing,andboatingactivities

AutonomousSurfaceCraft(FutureVision)

Multidisciplinarymeasurements(includingwaterquality,currents,&potentiallymeteorology)multipletimesdailyforextendeddurations,alongarepeattransectwithfullwatercolumncoverage,toaddressmultiplethemeareas.

Moreinformationisneeded

TABLE2.3REMOTESENSINGPLATFORMSSUMMARYTABLE


High‐frequencyradar(HFR)

Land‐basedshort‐andlong‐rangeHFradarsystemswillprovideextensivecoverageofcoastalsurfacecurrentspeedanddirection.

10long‐rangeHFradarshorestations(doesnotincludetheLongIslandSoundsystemsthathavehistoricallybeenfundedbyMARACOOS)13short‐rangeHFradarshorestations

Satellite Satellitesusedtoprovidesynopticcoverageofoceanconditionsaswellasatlocationsnotsampledbyothermeans.Exampleinformationincludes;sea‐surfacetemperature,ocean‐colorproducts(chl‐a,CDOM,non‐algalparticles,phytoplanktongroupsandphysiology),synthetic‐apertureradar(SAR),satellitealtimeter(forvolumetransport),andwinds.

Asavailable

Aerialremotesensingandautonomous

Providespatialinformationofsurfaceandshallowhabitatproperties(e.g.,arealcoverageby

Futurevision(notemplateatpresent)


aircraft(futurevision) submergedvegetation).


FIXEDPLATFORMS

Observingplatform‐fixed

Multipurposebuoy/mooringsystem:offshoreandshelfmoorings

Themultipurposemooringswillprovideaplatformcapableofmeasuringasuiteofreal‐timeweatherandoceanobservations(physical,chemicalandbiological)thatwillmeettherequirementsofmanythemeareas.Allmultipurposemooringswillnotnecessarilyhavethefullsuiteofsensorsdetailedbelowbutwillbecapableofsupportingthemandwillhavethecapacitytotestnewsensors.Mooringswillcoverarangeofdepthsupto300m;deepermooringsgenerallyrequireincreasedinstrumentationrequired.

Themeissuesaddressed

1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5,2.1,2.2,3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4,3.5,4.1

Variablesobservedandresolution(spatial,temporal,accuracy)requirements

10‐60minmeasurementsandfinertimeintervalsforselectedparameters.Upto10minutesforhurricane.Wind(speedanddirection):surfaceAirtemperature:Barometricpressure:Irradiance(HeatFlux):surfaceandoneotherdepthVisibility:Waveheight,period,direction,andspectrum:30‐60minutes(2m)Relativehumidity;Watertemperature:1,2,20,and50m;every50mbelow,and1‐2mabovebottom[5or10levels]Salinity:sameaswatertempCurrentspeedanddirection:surfaceandwatercolumnBottompressureDissolvedoxygen:sameaswatertempNutrients(NO3,PO4,othersasavailable):‐3depths(surface,belowpycnocline,nearbottom)Opticalsensors(chla,CDOM,turbidity,irradiance)–samedepthasnutrientsensors.Noirradianceatbottom.Molecularanalysistool(e.g.,ESP)‐5mBiologicalacousticsensors:(onbothmultiandsinglepurposebuoys)Acoustictagdetectors:(currentlydon’ttelemeterrealtime‐developmentneed?)pCO2:1mandbottomPossibleadditionalsensors:Wind(speedanddirectionprofile:upto80mabovesealevel)foroffshorewindenergydevelopment.AISreceivers

AlkalinityTotalCarbonpHFutureVision:


phytoplankton(abundance,classification,distribution),zooplankton(abundance,classification,distribution)Videocameras(fish)

Sensors(andnumber)

Foramooringin300m:2metstations,1visibilitysensor,1waveaccelerometersystem,1surfaceACDP,1long‐rangeACDP,9CTDswithDO,3opticalsensorpackages,3nutrientsensorpackages,1ESPsensor,bottompressure.

Geographiccover/locationandnumberofbuoys: Slope, Shelf(includesouter‐shelf,mid‐

shelf,innershelf),

~15buoysgeographicallyspreadthroughouttheregion.

[Thisisinadditiontothe~9NDBCbuoysintheregionthatcouldbeaugmentedwithanenhancedsensorsuite]

Operationalrequirements Deployment/Operations(boats,

etc) Maintenance(#ofservice

trips/year) Personnel(#ofFTEs) Replacementneeds(spareparts,

redundantsystems) Other

Capitalcost:~400k /buoy(need1.5buoysperlocation)

OperationsandMaintenance:~40k/yr/buoy

FTEs:1FTE/year/buoy(sumofmultipletypesofpersonnelskilltypes)

2primaryservicetripsperyearand2emergencyservicetripsperyear.

Costsavingsaregainedwithmultiplebuoysoperatedbythesameworkgroup.

Developmentneeds

Developmentneedsincludeimprovedcommunicationssystemstosupporttwo‐waycommunicationsathighdatarates,improvedpowersupplytoextenddeploymenttimeandsupportmoresensors,nutrientsystemsneedadditionaldevelopmentforlonger‐termdeployments(6mo),sensordevelopmentandrefinementformorecomplexsensors,integrationofbuoysystems,etc.



Near‐shore/estuarinemultipurposebuoys

Designedtoprovideinformationonanumberofissuesbutmainlyfocusingonport/harboroperationsandwaterquality(hypoxia/nutrientenrichmentandminimizingtheimpactfrompollutedwaters).

Themeissuesaddressed 1.1,1.2,1.3,1.5,2.1,3.1,3.3,4.1(Otherissuesmaybeaddressedifsensorsuiteaugmented)


6‐60minmeasurementsandfinertimeintervalsforselectedparameters.Sampleevery10minrequiredforhurricane.Wind(speedanddirection):surfaceAirtemperature:Barometricpressure:Irradiance(HeatFlux):surfaceandoneotherdepthVisibility:Waveheight,period,direction,andspectrum:30‐60min(2m)Relativehumidity;Watertemperature:1m,middepthandnearbottom[3levelsmax]Salinity:sameaswatertempCurrentspeedanddirection:surfaceandwatercolumnBottompressureDissolvedoxygen:sameaswatertempNutrients(NO3,PO4,othersasavailable):‐2depths(surface,nearbottom)Opticalsensors(chla,CDOM,turbidity,irradiance)–samedepthasnutrientsensors.Noirradianceatbottom.Molecularanalysistool(e.g.,ESP)‐5mBiologicalacousticsensors:(onbothmulti‐andsingle‐purposebuoys)Acoustictagdetectors:(currentlydon’ttelemeterrealtime‐developmentneed?)pCO2:1mandbottomPossibleadditionalsensors:AlkalinityTotalCarbonpHFutureVision:phytoplankton(abundance,classification,distribution)zooplankton(abundance,classification,distribution)Videocameras(fish)

Sensors(andnumber)

1surfacemetstation(e.g.,Weatherpak)1CTDperdepth(e.g.,SBE37)1DOsensor(e.g.,Anderra/Seabird)1ADCPwithcurrentsandwaves&bottompressure(e.g.,NORTEK/RDI)Nutrientsensors(e.g.SatlanticSUNA,WetlabsCycle‐PO4)


WetlabsECOtriplet(CDOM,chlafluorescence,turbidity)SatlanticHperOCRforirradianceandradiance(SAMIforpCO2?)Oceanacidification(pCO2,alkalinity,etc)FutureVision:ImagingflowcytobottypeinstrumentforphytoplanktonVideoplanktonrecorderforzooplankton

Geographiccover/locationandnumberofbuoys:

Nearshoreestuariesofnational/regionalimportance.~15buoyswithamixtureoffixedandmoveablelocations[Note:thereare~27estuariesintheregionnamedintheNationalWaterQualityMonitoringNetworkDesign.Observationalneedsintheseestuarieswillbemetwithamixtureofmooredandshore/pierbasedstations.CollaborationwithNERRsandEstuariesPartnershipsessential]

OperationalRequirements

CapitalCosts:$300k

OperationsandMaintenance:$35k

FTEs:0.75FTE/buoy

Developmentneeds

Sameasmultipurposeoff‐shorebuoys



Shore/pierbasedsystems

Ashoreorpierbasedstationwillcollectcoastalmeteorologicalandoceandataatkeylocationsandespeciallyinportsandharborswithsignificantmaritimecommerceandwaterqualityissues.

ThemeIssuesAddressed

1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5,2.1,3.1,3.3,4.1


6‐60minobservations:Notallstationswillhavethefullsuite(dependsonlocation)Shorebasedstationtypicallymeasureatonedepth.Windspeedanddirection:SurfaceIrradianceBarometricpressure:Airtemperature:Visibility:Rainfall:Waterlevel:Watertemperature:Salinity:Current(speedanddirection)Nutrients(NO3andPO4)(Note‐importantforNERRsifincreasedfrequency)DissolvedOpticalsensors(chla,CDOM,turbidity)SubsurfaceirradianceDOpHpCO2Videocameras

Sensors(andnumber)

Sensors/station:metstation,waterlevel,CTDwithDO,ACDP,pCO2,nutrient


Coastal(nearshore,beaches,coastal)andInland(estuaries,rivers)~15Stationsthroughouttheregion

Operationalrequirements

CapitalCosts:~$200k (1.25systemsperlocation)

OperationsandMaintenance:$30k/station

FTEs:0.5FTE/station

Developmentneeds

Nutrientsensorsneedfurtherdevelopment.Furtherresearchintobio‐foulingpreventionnecessary.



Water‐levelgauge:tidesandwaterlevel

WaterlevelsensorsareinadditiontothosedeployedandmaintainedbyfederalagenciessuchasNOAACO‐OPSandUSGS.Water‐levelgaugesmainlyprovidecoastalhazardinformation.

[N.B.:WaterlevelsensorswithpropermaintenanceandcalibrationwillbereferencestationsforNOAA'stidepredictionproducts,andserveascontrolsindeterminingtidaldatumsforallshort‐termwater‐levelstations.]


1.1,1.3,1.4,1.5,2.1,2.2,2.3,3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4,3.5,4.1


Waterlevel(tides)

Sensors(andnumber) Waterlevelmeasuringsystem

Geographiccover/locationandnumberofbuoys

Inlandandcoastal

15additionalgaugesincludingmoveableones.


Capitalcost:$50k

OperationsandMaintenance:$3k/year/gauge

FTEs:0.2FTEs/year/gauge

Developmentneeds

None



Coastalrivergauge

Acoastalrivergaugewillmonitorriverflowaswellasthewaterqualityenteringthemarinesystem.


1.3,1.5,2.1,2.2,3.3,3.4,3.5,4.1


Watersurfaceelevation

Discharge

Watertemperature

Conductivity

Nutrients

Sensors(andnumber)

Flowgauge

Nutrient

Temperature

Conductivity

Geographiccover/locationandnumberofbuoys

Inland

MaintainandaugmentthecurrentUSGSstreamgaugesystemandrestoretopreviouslevelsifpresentcapacitylessthatneeded.





TheseareoperatedandmaintainedbyUSGSbutcostswerenotavailableattimeofsubmittingreport.

CapitalCosts:

OperationsandMaintenance:

FTEs:

DevelopmentNeeds



Singlepurpose–CoastalDataInformationProgram(CDIP)wavebuoy

Singlepurposebuoytomeasurewavecharacteristicsatagivenlocation.DatatransmittedtoandprocessedbyCDIPattheScrippsInstitutionofOceanography.ThisprogramhasstronglinkstotheArmyCorpsofEngineers.


1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,2.1,

VariablesObservedandResolution(Spatial,Temporal,Accuracy)Requirements

Waves(height,direction,period,spectrum)Watertemperature

Sensors(andnumber) CDIPbuoypackage

Geographiccover/locationandnumberofbuoys: Slope, Shelf(includesouter‐shelf,mid‐

shelf,innershelf), Potentiallycoastalaswell

Sufficienttomeetnationalwavesplanbutexactnumberisunclearanddependsonlocationofothermultipurposeplatforms.

Currently3intheregion(BlockIsland,JeffreysLedge,HalifaxNS)


CapitalCost:$70k


FTEs:0.125FTEsbuoy

Developmentneeds

None



Singlepurpose–molecularanalysisbuoy

CurrentlymolecularanalysissensorssuchastheEnvironmentalSampleProcessor(ESP)usedforHABdetectionrequireadedicatedplatformduetopower,telemetry,andstabilityrequirements.


3.3

Variablesobservedandresolution(spatial,temporal,accuracy)Requirements

HarmfulAlgalBloomspeciesabundanceandpotentiallytoxicityatasingledepth.Sensorsareconfigurableforanumberofmolecularanalyses.Potentialformeteorologicalandwatercolumnsensors.

Sensors(andnumber) 1ESPandassociatedpower,dataandtelemetryhardware.

Geographiccover/locationandnumberofbuoys: Shelf(includesouter‐shelf,mid‐

shelf,innershelf), Coastal(nearshore,beaches,

coastal),

~6intheregion


Capitalcosts: $200k/buoyandsensors


FTEs:0.5FTEs/buoy

Developmentneeds Itishopedthatsensordevelopmentinthenext10yrwillallowthenextgenerationortwoofthesesensorstobeincorporatedintomultipurposeplatforms.



Singlepurpose–passiveacoustic/listeningbuoys

Manymarinespeciesvocalizeandpassiveacousticsystemscanprovideinformationontheirlocations(andbehaviors).Atthemomentthereisanarrayof10singlepurposeRightWhalelisteningbuoysintheBostonshippingchannel(fundingfromaMassachusettsLiquidNaturalGas(LNG)mitigationaward.


1.1

Variablesobservedandresolution(spatial,temporal,accuracy)Requirements

Presence/absenceofRightWhales.

Sensors(andnumber) Acoustichydrophoneswithassociatedpower,data,processingandtelemetryequipment.

Geographiccover/locationandnumberofbuoys: Shelf(includesouter‐shelf,mid‐

shelf,innershelf),

Currently10inregion.


ThesearemaintainedandoperatedbyCornellUniversityandWHOIandfundedthroughanLNGmitigationaward.Costswerenotavailableattimeofsubmittingreport.

Capitalcosts:

OperationsandMaintenance:

FTEs:

Developmentneeds

Needtoincorporateacousticsensorsontomultipurposebuoys.



Other:platformsofopportunity

Exampleswouldbeoffshoreenergyinstallationsincludingwindandhydro‐kineticpowerandpoweredUSCGATONbuoys.Asimple,modular,plugandplaysensorsuitethatwouldbedeployedbydiversandusepowerandcommunicationsprovidedbytheinstallation.Theexactconfigurationofthesystemwoulddependonthetypeofinstallationandotheravailableinformation.

Fixedgear,suchaslobstertrapsalsoprovidecost‐effectiveplatformstosamplethemarineenvironmentgreatlyexpandingspatialandtemporalresolutionofkeyparametersbyworkingwiththefishingindustry.ForexampletheEnvironmentalMonitoringOnLobsterTraps(eMOLT)programusessimplesensorstomonitorbottomdepthandcurrents.

Themeissuesaddressed 1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,2.1,3.1,4.1(Otherissuesmaybeaddressedifsensorsuiteaugmented)


Largermorecomplexsystem(offshoreenergy)Hourlymeasurements,possibilityofmultipledepths,spatialresolutiondependentoninstallationlocations.WatertemperatureConductivity(salinity)Pressure(depth)BottompressureDissolvedoxygenDepthresolvedcurrents(speed,direction)Surfacewaves(height,period,direction)OthersensorsarepossibleincludingOpticalsensors(chla,CDOM,turbidity)OceanacidificationAcousticsforfishtagsHABsCamerasEtc.Simplermoreportablesystem(e.g.,eMOLT)1temperaturessensor1tiltcurrentmeter1camera

Sensors(andnumber) Largermorecomplexsystem(offshoreenergy)1CTDperdepth(e.g.,SBE37)1DOsensor(e.g.,Anderra/Seabird)1ADCPwithcurrentsandwaves(e.g.NORTEK/RDI)Simplermoreportablesystem(e.g.,EMOLT)EMOLTsensorpackage


Largermorecomplexsystem(offshoreenergy)Coastalandshelfdepending.


Shelf(includesouter‐shelf,mid‐shelf,innershelf),

Coastal(nearshore,beaches,coastal),

Inland(estuaries,rivers)

Spatialresolutiondependentoninstallationlocations.Estimateof5installationswith2systemsperinstallation(oneactive,oneforredeployment)Simplermoreportablesystem(e.g.,eMOLT)~50requiredinregionGeographiccoverageoffishingindustry

Operationalrequirements Deployment/operations(boats,


trips/year) Personnel(#offtes) Replacementneeds(spareparts,


Largermorecomplexsystem(offshoreenergy)Capitalcosts:~$100k/unit(1.5unitsrequiredperinstallation)Operationsandmaintenance:~$20k/unitFTEs:0.25FTEs/unitSimplermoreportablesystem(e.g.EMOLT)Capitalcosts:~$1k/unitOperationsandMaintenance:~$0.5K/unit/yearFTEs:~0.02FTEs/unit/year

DevelopmentNeeds

Largermorecomplexsystem(offshoreenergy)Standardizedsystemneedstobedevelopedwiththeindustrytofacilitateeasydeployment.Untilthencostsremainanestimate.

Simplermoreportablesystem(e.g.,eMOLT)Needforfasttransmittalofobservationstodataaggregationcenter.Real‐timetransmittalpotentialwithsensorstransmittingwirelesslyoncerecoveredtodeck.Alsoneedforenhancedpowersourceonexistingfixed‐gearcamerasystems.



Profilingmoorings(futurevision)

Usedtoprovidehighlydepthresolvedinformationatkeysentinellocations.Maybedeployedinstandalonemode(withtelemetrywhenprofileratsurfaceorwithdedicatedsurfaceexpression)orwithoffshoreinstallation(e.g.,MVCO/Energysiteprovidingpowerandcommunications).Theymaybeusedtoreplacesomeofthemultipurposebuoysdescribedabove,providinggreaterdepthresolutionandapotentialcostsavingonsensorhardware(onlyonesetofsensorsrequiredforwholewatercolumncomparedtoonesetperdepthmeasuredfortraditionalmooring).Currentlyseenasafuturevisionbecauseprofilingsystemsarenotrobust/developedenoughforsustainedoperations.


1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5,2.1,3.1,3.3,4.1(Otherissuesmaybeaddressedifsensorsuiteaugmented)


30mintohourlymeasurements,1mdepthresolutionwherepossible.WatertemperatureConductivity(salinity)Pressure(depth)DissolvedoxygenDepthresolvedcurrents(speed,direction)Surfacewaves(height,period,direction)Nutrients(NO3,PO4)Opticalsensors(chla,CDOM,turbidity)OthersensorsarepossibleincludingDownwellingirradianceandupwellingradianceOceanacidificationAcousticsforfishtagsAcousticsforcetaceansHABsCameras(ifsufficientbandwidth)Etc.Futurevisionphytoplankton(abundance,classification,distribution)zooplankton(abundance,classification,distribution)

Sensors(andnumber)

1CTD(e.gSBE37)1DOsensor(e.g.,Anderra/Seabird)1ADCPwithcurrentsandwaves&bottompressure(e.g.,NORTEK/RDI)Nutrientsensors(e.g.SatlanticSUNA,WetlabsCycle‐PO4)WetlabsECOtriplet(CDOM,chl‐afluorescence,turbidity)(SatlanticHperOCRforirradianceandradiance)(SAMIforpCO2?)FutureVision


ImagingflowcytobotanalogforphytoplanktonVideoplanktonrecorderforzooplankton


Coastalandshelfdependingondepth.Smallerscalesystemmaybeapplicableforestuaries.

OperationalRequirements Deployment/Operations(boats,




Capitalcosts:$100‐150k

Seahorse($70‐100k)Wetlabsis~$100k

Operationsandmaintenance:Unclear

FTEs:.025FTEperunitforfieldwork,0.25FTEperyearforDMAC

DevelopmentNeeds

Profilingsystemandcertainsensorsneedfurtherrefinement/development.Autonomousverticallyprofilingplanktonrecorder(AVPPO)isanexamplesystem.Phytoplanktonsensorneedsfurtherdevelopmentandminiaturization.


MOBILEPLATFORMS

MobilePlatform: Coastalgliders AUV

Mobile:Glidersandautonomousunderwatervehicles

Coastalgliderswillhelpcharacterizetheverticalandhorizontalstructureofthewatercolumnprovidingimportantobservationstosupportmanythemeareas.Routinetransectswillhelpprovideinformationonexternalforcingsuchasvolumetransport.Thisisparticularlyimportantattheregion’snorthernboundarywiththemajorityofthefreshwaterbeingdeliveredacrosstheScotianShelf.Internalsurveysareimportantfordataassimilationintomodels.

Lesstimeunderwaterthanglidersduetopowerusedforpropulsion.Powerpropulsionallowsaccesstomore‐highenergy/complexenvironmentsthatgliderscannotaccess.Alsoallowsmorecomplexflightpatternspossibleincludingsurveysatasingledepth(e.g.,undersalmonnetpens).


1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5,2.1,3.1,3.3,4.1(Otherissuesmaybeaddressedifsensorsuiteaugmented)

Variablesobservedandresolution

Watertemperature:Salinity:DissolvedoxygenOptics(chla,CDOM,turbidity)Current(speed,direction,profile)

Sameasglidersbutalsosidescansonarforbathymetrymapping.

Sensors(andnumber)

Sensors/glider1CTD1Opticalpackage1DOsensor1ACDP(note:shortensbatterylife)

Sameasglidersbutalsosidescansonarforbathymetrymapping.

Geographiccover/locationandnumber:

7neededtoprovideroutinesurveysatnorthernboundaryaswellasconditionswithintheregion.Areasampledislimitedbytopography(depth).

Shelfandslope.

2.Needalittlevague.

OperationalRequirements

NERACOOShaslittleexperienceinoperatingglidersandcostswerenotavailableattimeofsubmittingreport.However,MARACOOShasmuchexperienceandtheircostswouldprobablybereasonable.CapitalCosts:OperationsandMaintenance:FTEs:

DevelopmentNeeds

Notsure Notsure


Mobileplatform:

Ships(researchandfishing)

Shipscanbeusedtoprovideinformationthatcannoteasilybeobtainedthroughautonomoussystems.Combinationofresearchshipsandfishingvesselsdependingonlevelofsupportandrequiredfacilities.Keyfixedsentinelstationswithbiogeochemical,pelagicandbenthichabitatcomponents.PartlybasedontheCanadianAtlanticZoneMonitoringProgram(AZMP)withcommonprotocolswherepossible.

ThemeIssuesAddressed 2.1,2.2,3.1,3.3,(Otherissuesmaybeaddressedifsensorsuiteaugmented)


Varyingdepthresolutiondependingonmeasurement.Mixtureofelectronicprofilingsensorsincorporated,netanddiscretewatersamples.1mdepthresolutionwherepossible.PelagiccorevariablesWatertemperatureConductivity(salinity)Pressure(depth)DissolvedoxygenDepthresolvedcurrents(speed,direction)Surfacewaves(height,period,direction)Nutrients(NO3,PO4:surfaceanddeepChlorophyllaPhytoplankton(abundance,diversity,distribution)zooplankton(abundance,diversity,distribution)Opticalsensors(chl‐a,CDOM,turbidity)OthersensorsarepossibleincludingDownwellingirradianceandupwellingradianceOceanacidificationandcarbonateparameters(pCO2)‐sensorneededinLISon“thebold”(?)AcousticsforfishtagsParticulateorganiccarbonconcentrationHABsCameras(ifsufficientbandwidth)Etc.BenthicBenthos(abundance,diversity,distribution)OtherBiogeochemicalpCO2inairmicrostructureandshear

Sensors(andnumber) 1CTDperdepth(e.g.,SBE37)1DOsensor(e.g.,Anderra/Seabird)1ADCPwithcurrentsandwaves&bottompressure(e.g.,NORTEK/RDI)


Nutrientsensors(e.g.,SatlanticSUNA,WetlabsCycle‐PO4)WetlabsECOtriplet(CDOM,chlafluorescence,turbidity)(SatlanticHperOCRforirradianceandradiance)pC02sensorBongoandverticalringplanktonnetsBenthicsamplingsledsuchasthatdevelopedfortheNortheastBenthicObservatory.microstructureandshearsensor.ImagingflowcytobottypeinstrumentforphytoplanktonVideoplanktonrecorderforzooplankton

Geographiccover:

8stationsintheregion:

Sentinelsitesthatcouldbesampledoverthelong‐term,includingestuarine,nearshore,andshelflocations,ideallycollocatedwithotherregionalassets(e.g.,NERACOOSbuoys)





CapitalCost:(perstation):$25kforCTDandzooplanktonandphytoplanktoncollection.Othercapitalcostsdependentuponwhichsensorsareaddedontobasicsamplingdesign.

OperationsandMaintenance:(perstation)

Annualmaintenancesupplycostperstation:$2.0k

Annualshiptimecostsperstation:$12k‐30k,dependingonvessel

FTEs:(perstation):0.25forCTD,chlorophyllandzooplanktoncollectionandanalysis.1Kfornutrientanalysis;moreforothersensordata;dependentonwhichsensorsareadded.

Note:Centralizedanalysisfacilitiesforanalysistype(e.g.,zooplankton,nutrientsetc).

Developmentneeds

Nodevelopmentneedsforcollectionandanalysisofcorevariables.Developmentneedsforadditionalsensorsdependentonsensor.


Mobileplatform:

Drifters

Student‐built,fishermen‐deployed,satellite‐trackeddrifterstrackingsurfacecurrents


Addressescomponentsof1.2,1.4,2.1,and3.3


Surfacecurrents:Combinationofsurface(1m)anddrogued(15m)driftersdeployedmonthlyfromsixlocationsinthecoastalcurrentrangingfromNovaScotiatoSouthernNewEnglandreportinghourlyfixes

Sensors(andnumber)

150unitsarebuiltannuallybylocalstudents.The$500kit/unitmaterialsincludesaAXONNTrackPackGPStransmitterandotherhardware.Studentsdelivertheassembledunitstolocalfishermenwhodeploythematfixedlocationsintheirroutinefishinggrounds.Thedescriptionofthedrifterislinkedfromhttp://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/drifter/.Satellitecost$0.15/fix


Entirenortheastcontinentalshelfwith150deploymentsayeartypicallyresultingin30unitsactiveatanyonetime.





Capitalcosts:(perdrifter)$0.5k /unitforparts

Operationsandmaintenance:$0.4k/unit/yearforneworrefurbisheddrifterparts,$0.2k/unit/yearforGLOBALSTARsatellite‐transmissioncost(~2mths)

FTEs:1FTE(0.01FTE/unit/year)dataprocessor/fieldtechnician

DevelopmentNeeds

Additionaltimetosupporttheadvancedresearchproductswouldbeuseful.Potentialtoaddsensorssuchaspassiveacousticreceivers,temperature,etc.


Mobileplatform:

Vesselofopportunity(e.g.ferry)repeatingatransectforextendeddurations

Collectsmultidisciplinarymeasurements(includingmeteorological,waterquality,currents)athighfrequencies(multipletimesdaily)forextendeddurations,toaddressmultiplethemeareas.Dataproductsusefulfor,e.g.,real‐timedissemination,modelcalibrationandassimilativeinput,baselineclimatecharacterizationandclimatechangetrendidentification.

Themeissuesaddressed 1.1,1.2,1.3,1.5,2.1,2.2,3.1,3.3,3.4,3.5


Surfacemeasurements(meteorological):AirtemperatureBarometricpressureWind(speed,gusts,direction)Incidentirradiance(hyperspectralandPAR)HeatfluxhumidityDownwellingirradianceandupwellingradiance(additionalsensorspossible)Near‐surfacewaterpropertiesmeasurements:WatertemperatureConductivity(Salinity)DissolvedoxygenNutrients(NO3,PO4,etc.)Opticalsensors(chla,CDOM,turbidity)(additionalsensorspossible)Verticalprofilemeasurements:Depthresolvedcurrents(speed,direction)AcousticbackscatterSpatialcoveragehorizontally–shoretoshorebetweencoastalports‐‐usuallyspanningawaterbodythroughwhichimportanttransportofwaterandmaterialsoccurs,forexampleaconstrictionnearthemouthofanestuary.Spatialresolutionhorizontally–canbefinerbutusuallyaveragedtoabout1km.Spatialcoveragevertically–near‐surfacemeasurementofwaterqualityandmeteorological,fullwatercolumnprofilemeasurementofcurrents.Spatialresolutionvertically(currents&backscatter)‐fromafewcmtoafewm,dependingonthewaterdepth.Temporalcoverage–Typicallyyear‐roundformultipleyears,oressentiallyindefinitely.


Temporalresolution–Typicallybetweentwiceadayand16timesaday;longdurationsamplingenableseffectiveseparationoftidalandnon‐tidalcomponentsofvariability.

Sensors(andnumber)

1surfacemeteorologicalpackage1CTD1DOsensor(e.g.,Anderra/Seabird)1ADCPNutrientsensors(e.g.,SatlanticSUNA,WetlabsCycle‐PO4)WetlabsECOtriplet(CDOM,chlafluorescence,turbidity)SatlanticHperOCRforirradianceandradiance

Geographiccover/Locationandnumberofbuoys:

7Criticaltransectsspanningchokepointsincoastalandestuarinesystemstypicallyhavingheavyshipping,fishing,andboatingactivities.

OperationalRequirements Deployment/Operations(boats,




CapitalCosts(perunit):Fullsensorsystem$50kperunit;initialinstallation$25kperunit.

Thereisonedeployment,scheduledforaplanneddrydockingofthevesselthatrequirescoordinationamongferryoperator,machineshop,marinearchitect,shipyard,andCoastGuard.

OperationsandMaintenance:$10k/unit/year(calibrations,repairs)

FTEs:0.2FTE/unitmaintenance,0.2FTEDMAC

DevelopmentNeeds Additionalsensordevelopment,e.g.,opticalphyto/zooplanktonspeciesidentification.

Additionaldataproductdevelopment,e.g.,creatingtidalcurrentsandnon‐tidalcurrentsdataproducts,andprovidingtheminnearreal‐time.


Observingplatform‐mobile

Autonomoussurfacecraft

Futurevision

Multidisciplinarymeasurements(includingwaterquality,currents,&potentiallymeteorological)multipletimesdailyforextendeddurations,alongarepeattransectwithfullwatercolumncoverage,toaddressmultiplethemeareas.Emphasisonmeasurementofwaterandmaterialtransportandhowitisdistributedvertically/horizontallyinthetransectplane.Dataproductsusefulfor,e.g.,real‐timedissemination,modelcalibrationandassimilativeinput,baselineclimatecharacterizationandclimatechangetrendidentification.

ASCsaresimilartoglidersintheircapacityforsustainedlong‐durationobservationsatrelativelylowcost.WhenequippedwithADCPandwinchingsystem,theycancollectessentiallythesamesuiteofmeasurementstheglidersgather.However,ASCscarrycertainimportantadvantagesovergliders,particularlyinshallowcoastalareaswithstrongcurrentsandheavyvesseltraffic.Comparedtogliders,ASCsarecapableofhigherspeeds,betterabletostayonatransectinthefaceofstrongcurrents;canprovidemorepowertosensors;andcanmitigatecollisionrisksbetter,duetotheirsustainedsurfacepresenceenablingradarandAIS.

Themeissuesaddressed 1.1,1.2,1.3,1.5,2.1,2.2,3.1,3.3,3.4,3.5


Surfacemeasurements(Meteorological):AirtemperatureBarometricpressureWind(speed,gusts,direction)Incidentirradiance(hyperspectralandPAR)HeatfluxhumidityDownwellingirradianceandupwellingradiance(additionalsensorspossible)Verticalprofilemeasurements:WatertemperatureConductivity(Salinity)DissolvedoxygenNutrients(NO3,PO4,etc.)Opticalsensors(chlaa,CDOM,turbidity)Depthresolvedcurrents(speed,direction)Acousticbackscatter(additionalsensorspossible)Spatialcoveragehorizontally–Typicallya10‐20kmtransectarbitrarilyspecifiedinacoastalorestuarinearea‐‐forexampleacross‐shelfline,arcenclosinganestuarineoutflow,oralong/across‐estuarytransect.


Spatialresolutionhorizontally–canbefinerbutusuallyaveragedtoabout1km.Spatialcoveragevertically–near‐surfacemeasurementofmeteorological;fullwatercolumnprofilemeasurementofwaterpropertiesandcurrents.Spatialresolutionvertically‐fromafewcmtoafewm,dependingonthewaterdepth.Temporalcoverage–Year‐round.Temporalresolution–Completesa10‐20kmrepeattransectfourtimesdaily;longdurationsamplingenableseffectiveseparationoftidalandnon‐tidalcomponentsofvariability.

Sensors(andnumber)

1surfacemeteopackage1CTD&winchingsystem1DOsensor(e.g.,Anderra/Seabird)1ADCPNutrientsensors(e.g.SatlanticSUNA,WetlabsCycle‐PO4)WetlabsECOtriplet(CDOM,chl‐afluorescence,turbidity)SatlanticHperOCRforirradianceandradiance


Transectsselectedforimportanceofwaterandmaterialtransports.Eachtransectabout10‐20kmlongwith10‐20virtualstationsatwhichthesensorpackagewillbewinchedthroughthewatercolumn.


CapitalCosts:$250k (perprototype)

OperationsandMaintenance:$40k/unit/year(repairs,batteries,calibrations)

FTEs:0.5forfieldwork,0.25DMAC

Developmentneeds

ThekeyneededimprovementstoASCcapabilities,whichareunderway,includetheirseaworthinessinhighseastates,andthedurationsoftheirunattendedoperations.One‐monthdurationincoastaloceanconditionsarefeasibleinthenextfewyears,andframeworksfortheiruseareunderdevelopmentbytheCoastGuard.


REMOTESENSING

OBSERVING‐RemoteSensingHighFrequencyRadar(HFR)

LandbasedshortandlongrangeHFRadarsystemswillprovideextensivecoverageofcoastalsurfacecurrentspeedanddirection.


1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4.1.5,2.1,2.2,3.1,3.2,3.3,3.4.3.5,4.1

VariablesObservedandResolutionRequirements

SurfaceCurrents:Hourlyvectormapsat2kmspatialresolutioninselectedbaysandestimated6kmresolutionoffshorewithuncertainty

Sensors(andnumber)

10LongrangeHFRadarshorestations(doesnotincludetheLongIslandSoundsystemswhichhavehistoricallybeenfundedbyMARACOOS)13shortrangeHFRadarshorestationswww.codar.com

Geographiccover/Locationandnumberofbuoys

CoastalandShelf

Portablesystemsmaybeusefulforrapidresponse.

OperationalRequirements Deployment/Operations Maintenance Personnel Replacementneeds Other

Costswerenotavailableattimeofsubmittingreport.MARACOOScostsforHFRmaybereasonable.

Capitalcosts:(perunit)

OperationsandMaintenance:(perunit)

FTEs:(perunit)

DevelopmentNeeds 1. Needtodevelopredundantpowerandcommunicationssystemstosupporttransitiontooperationalsystem.

2. NeedtoimproveaccuracyofcurrentestimatesusingnewCODARprocessingsoftwareasshownbyA.Kimirk(?)(WHOI).

3. ThenimplementthisintoregionalcenterofCODARdataassimilationviaNERACOOSserver.

4. Studyofvalueofportablesystemsforrapidresponsetoeventssuchasspills.

Understanderrorsintheactualdata


RemoteSensing‐Satellite Satellitesusedtoprovidesynopticcoverageofoceanconditionsaswellasatlocationsnotsampledbyothermeans.Examplesinformationincludes;seasurfacetemperature,oceancolorproducts(chla,CDOM,non‐algalparticles,phytoplanktongroupsandphysiology),syntheticapertureradar(SAR),satellitealtimeter(forvolumetransport),andwinds.


1.1,1.3,2.1,2.2,2.3,3.1,3.3(Otherissuesmaybeaddressedifproductsuiteaugmented)


Seasurfacetemperature(shortandlongrangeradiation)Oceancolorproducts(chl‐a,CDOM,non‐algalparticles,phytoplanktongroupsandphysiology)Surfaceslicks(SAR)Seasurfaceheight(satellitealtimeter)

Sensors(andnumber) Current:MODIS,MERIS,AVHRR,etc.GEOS‐EScaterometryforwindsFuture:

Geographiccover:

Entireregion





CapitalCosts:

OperationsandMaintenance:~10k/year

FTEs:1.5FTE

DevelopmentNeeds


MODELING&ANALYSISSUBSYSTEM

INTRODUCTION

TheNERACOOSModelingandAnalysissubsystemisbasedontheNortheastCoastalOceanForecastSystem(NECOFS),acoupledatmospheric,waveandoceancirculationmodel.VariousothermodelsareorareanticipatedbeingnestedwithNECOFSincludinghigherresolutionmodels,suchasoneforMassachusettsBay,InundationForecastSystems,waterquality,andecosystemmodels.Modeloutputsareavailablethroughinteroperableweb‐basedservicessuchastheThematicRealtimeEnvironmentalDistributedDataServices(THREDDS).Withthis,furtherspecializedmodels,suchasphysical‐biologicalmodels,areabletobeinitiated.Ahydrologicalwatershedmodelprovidesimportantinputinformationforestuariesandnearshorewaters.

Toprovideamorerobustmodelinginfrastructuremodelingeffortsmaybetransitionedtofederalagencies.However,NERACOOSwillmaintainamorerapidlyadaptableandflexiblemodelingcapacitythatiscloselytiedtostate‐of‐the‐artmodelingefforts.

Theobservingsubsystemiscloselytiedtothemodelingandanalysissubsystem–thetwoprovidinganinformationsystemfortheregion.Observationsareassimilatedintomodels,fillinggapsbetweenobservationswithnowcastsaswellasprovidingfutureconditionswithforecasts.Modelscaninformobservationalstrategiessuchthatmodeluncertaintiesareminimized.Hindcastswhichassimilatehistoricalobservationsallowpasteventsandtrendstobestudiedandassessed.Theyalsoprovidearangeofconditionsthatmightbeexpectedandallowforsimulationofextremeeventssuchashurricanesandnor’easterswithchangedsettingssuchasariseinsealevel

Note:TheShortTermPredicationSystem(STPS)thatusesastatisticalmodeltoforecastsurfacecurrentsfromHFRmeasurementswasnotincludedintheNERACOOSmodelingandanalysissectionasthisisimplementedatanationalscaleandisnotregional.

MODELREQUIREMENTS

NECOFSModelName NortheastCoastalOceanForecastSystem(NECOFS)

TypeofModel(seeabove–e.g.circulationmodel)

CoupledDynamicalatmospheric(WRF)–surfacewave(SWAVE)–oceancirculation(FVCOM3.5+)modelsystem

GeographicDomain(entireregion,specificharbor,etc)

EntireNERACOOSdomain(NewEnglandShelf/GeorgesBank/GulfofMaine/ScotianShelf)

Themes/IssuesAddressed

all

ImportantVariablestobemodeled(seeterms

Surfaceweather:wind,airtemp,RH,barometricpressure,icingpotential


anddefinitions) Surfaceforcing:windstress,heatflux,moistureflux(E‐P)

Surfacewavestate:significantwaveheight,dominantperiod,directionalwavespectrum,bottomstress

Oceanstate:surfacetemperature,elevation,3‐Dcurrents,temp,salinity,tracers,wave‐currentinteraction,bottomstress

Spatial(horizontalandverticalrequirements)

Horizontal:Regional:1.0‐15km;Coastal:0.1‐1.0km,estuaries,inlets,harbors:10mto0.5km

Vertical:40layers,hybridcoordinate:intheregionaldeeperthan80m,as‐coordinatewith10uniformthicknesslayersfromthesurfaceandabovethebottom,respectively.Intheregionalshallowerthanorequalto80m,asigma‐coordinateisused,wherethemaximumlayerthicknessis2morless.

Temporal Hourlyoutputformostapplications,higherfrequencyoutputavailable

Computinginfrastructure,includingredundancyofoperations

Alinuxcluster:uses24nodes(eachnodeincludes8processors)foroperationofallcomponentsofNECOFS.

Note:thisdoesnotincluderemoteinfrastructuresystem,whichisdescribedinNote1below.

Personnel(FTEs/year)

Thesystemisoperatedautomatically.Afulltimeresearchassociateefforttomaintainandupgradethesystem.

ExpectedInitialandBoundaryconditions

NECPNorthAmericanWeatherForecast;NCEPNorthAtlanticwaveforecast(WWIII);UMassDGlobalOceanforecast;Coastalfreshwaterinput(USGS,UNH,NOAA)

Dataforforecastassessmentandhindcast/update.SeeTable1:NECOFSForecastAssessment/UpdateData(below).

DevelopmentNeeds

1.AddlocalizedFVCOMinundationforecastsystemsasrequested

2.DevelopFVCOMwind‐drivenovertoppingmodule(withACE)

3.HelptransitionNECOFSelementstoNOAANOSCO‐OPSforoperationalforecastuse

4.ImprovecoastalfreshwaterinputsourcetermandforecastusedinNECOFS(UNH)

5.WorkwithNWSAdvancedHydraulicPredictionServicetouseNECOFStoimprovecoastalriverfloodforecasting.(pilotproject‐


ConnecticutRiver)

6.Nestwithglobaloceanmodel:Global‐FVCOMandGlobalHYCOM

7.Improvethedataassimilationefficiency.

8.Developatwo‐waynestingformulti‐scaledomainsandocean‐atmosphericmodels.

Note1:BackupInfrastructureandDevelopmentNeeds

NECOFSispresentlyrunonChen’sLinuxclusterlocatedintheUMASSDSMASTfacility.ThisfacilityislocatedonthesouthernendofNewBedfordoutsideontheNewBedfordHurricaneBarrier.BecauseoftheexposedSMASTlocation(groundfloorelevation~11ftaboveMSL),theUMASSDadministrationpolicyistoshutpoweroffandevacuatetheSMASTfacilityinadvanceofextremeweathereventsthatcouldcauseflooding.ThisoccurredonFridayAugust26beforeHurricane/TropicalStormIrene.Asaresult,NECOFSwasshutdown,andthe3‐dayforecastsofsurfaceatmosphere/wave/currents/elevationandpotentialinundationconditionsstopped.NECOFSforecastdataarealsousedintheNWS/IOOS“splash‐over”forecasttoolforSaco,Portland,andScituate,sothisinformationwaslost.

ItisclearthatNECOFSneedsahurricane/poweroutageprooffacilityforbackupoperationssothatitcanfunction24/7inallconditions.Herearesomeinitialideasaboutpotentialfacilities:

1.SMASTAT&TBuilding(200MillRoad,Fairhaven,MA)mayhavesuitablespaceandpowerforaLinuxcluster,plushigh‐speedinternetconnections.ItislocatedbehindtheHurricaneBarrierandawayfromthewater,withgroundfloorelevation~37ftaboveMSL.

2.MassachusettsGreenHigh‐PerformanceComputingCenter(MGHPCC)ispresentlybeingbuiltatUMASS‐Amherst(Holyoke,MA)byaconsortiumbetweenUMASS,MIT,HARVARD,BostonUniversity,andNortheasternUniversity.MGHPCCwebsiteishttp://www.mghpcc.org/.RichSignellcontactedChrisHill(EAPS,MIT),aco‐chairoftheresearchcommittee,whowrote:

"The2011MGHPCCSeedFundRFPissolicitingresearchproposalsforcomputerandcomputationalscience.Pre‐proposalsaredueOctober1st,2011.Atotalof$500Kisavailablewithanticipatedawardsizesintherangeof$50K–$150K.ProposalsmustinvolveinvestigatorsfromtwoormoreofBostonUniversity,HarvardUniversity,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,NortheasternUniversityandtheUniversityofMassachusettssystem."

3.NOS:CO‐OPSpresentlyisusingFVCOM3.5aspartofitsNorthernGulfofMexicoshelfforecastsystem.ThesystemisindevelopmentandbeingsetuptorunonthenewNCEPIBMsystem.ThissuggeststhatitwouldrelativelystraightforwardtorunNECOFSontheCO‐OPSfacility.

HurricaneIrenealsohighlightedamajorshortcomingwithNECOFS.Thesurfaceweather/forcingusedinNECOFSisproducedusingourregionalWRFmesoscalemodel.WRFisunabletosimulatedirectlytheveryintensehurricane/tropicalstormsystems.Instead,ahurricanewindmodelmustbeused(embeddedinaregionalWRFsystem)toproducethesurfaceforcingduringahurricane/tropicalstormevent.ChenincollaborationwithKerryEmanuel(MIT)hashindcastHurricaneBobusingsuchablendedforcingwithexcellentresults.Whatisneedednowistoset


upNECOFSsystemtoautomaticallyswitchtoembedtheNHC(orsimilar)hurricanemodelforecastfieldsintotheregionalWRFforecastfieldstodriveNECOFSduringsuchevents.

AssumingthattheNHC(orsimilar)hurricaneforecastfieldscouldbeobtainedonlineinreal‐time,bothSMASTAT&TfacilityandtheMGHPCCcouldbeconsideredforsettingupabackupfacilityforNECOFS.OnepossibilityistosubmitaproposaltoMGHPCCto1)setupNECOFSforremote24/7operation,2)improveassimilationefficiency,3)reducetimeforforecastcyclefrom24hrto12hr(oreven8hr),4)developandimplementaddinghurricanemodeloutputintooperationalstatus,and5)provideadditionalcomputingpowerasmoreinundationforecastsystemsaredeveloped.TheinvestigatorscouldincludeC.Chen(UMASSD),K.Emanuel(MIT)forthehurricanecomponent,andperhapssomeonewhocouldfocusonthedataassimilationproblem.

Table1:NECOFSForecastAssessment/UpdateData

Variables Datasources Timescale Approach

Windspeedanddirection

NOAAbuoys Hourly Dailywhentheonlinedataavailable

Airpressure NOAABuoys Hourly Sameabove

Significantwaveheightandpeak

period

NOAABuoys Hourly Sameabove.

Wavespectra NOAABuoys Hourly SameaboveSealevel Tidalgauges Hourly Sameabove

Watercurrents NERACOOSbuoys Hourly Sameabove

Watertemperatureand

salinity

NERACOOSbuoys Hourly Sameabove

DO NERACOOSsitesandothersurveys

Monthly Monthly

Nutrients NERACOOSsitesandothersurveys

Monthly Monthly

FVCOMINUNDATIONFORECASTSYSTEMModelName FVCOMInundationForecastSystem(IFS)

TypeofModel Coupleddynamicalatmospheric(WRF)–surfacewave(SWAVE)–oceancirculation(FVCOM3.5+)modelsystem

GeographicDomain Scituate(MA),Saco(ME),restofregiontobeaddedasrequested,andallCTwithUCONNModel


4.1

ImportantVariablestobemodeled

Surfaceweather:wind

Surfaceforcing:windstress,moistureflux(E‐P)

Surfacewavestate:significantwaveheight,dominantperiod,


directionalwavespectrum,bottomstress

Oceanstate:elevation,3‐Dcurrents,wave‐currentinteraction,bottomstress

Coastalflooding:waterflowonto(otherwise)drylandandovercoastalstructuresandsubsequentdraining


Horizontal:minimum~fewm’s

Vertical:minimum<1m



ALinuxcluster:10nodes(with8processorspernode)arerequiredforeachregion.(SeeNote1)


3months/year


LocalFVCOMIFSdrivenbynestingwithNECOFS

DevelopmentNeeds 1.AddlocalizedFVCOMinundationforecastsystemsasrequested

2.DevelopFVCOMwind‐drivenovertoppingmodule(withACE)

3.HelptransitionFVCOMIFSstoNOAANOSCO‐OPSforoperationalforecastuse

NECOFS‐EcosystemModelName NECOFS‐Ecosystem

TypeofModel Ecosystem/waterqualitymodelsystem(systemstructureandparameterscanbeeasilychangedfordifferentapplications)

GeographicDomain Masscoastalwatersoperational;othersectionsofNERACOOSdomainaddedasrequested


3

ImportantVariablestobemodeled(seetermsanddefinitions)

Nutrientconcentrations,phytoplanktonandzooplanktonconcentrations,dissolvedoxygen,

Spatial(horizontal Canbeadjustedtomeetapplication


andverticalrequirements)



ALinuxcluster.ItshouldbedrivenofflineusingNECOFSoutput.Itrequiresthesamenodes(24)usedforNECOFSforoperation.


SharewiththetimeforNECOFSoperation:6months/year.


AllboundaryconditionssuppliedbyNECOFSorhigherresolutionsubdomainsofNECOFS(e.g.Masscoastalwaters).

DevelopmentNeeds 1.Identificationandspecificationofapplications

2.Boundaryinputsofnutrients(e.g.,outputofGM‐WICS)

3.Validationforalong‐termsimulation

UNHGulfofMaineWatershedInformationandCharacterizationSystem(GM‐WICS)

ModelName UNHGulfofMaineWatershedInformationandCharacterizationSystem(GM‐WICS)

TypeofModel Hydrological:Watershedfreshwaterandnutrientforecastmodelsystem

GeographicDomain GulfofMainewatershed(NantucketSound–westernendofNovaScotia)


1,2,3


Riverandgroundwaterfluxoffreshwaterandnutrientsintocoastalocean.


OnLand:6minute(~1nmile)

Temporal Dailyprecipitation,temperature,anddownwellingradiation;




~0.5,plusinitialmodelcalibrationandvalidationefforts


VariousNOAAproducts

DevelopmentNeeds Communityvalidationisneeded.

BedfordInstituteofOceanographyWaveWatchIIIModelName

WaveWatchIIIversion3.14

TypeofModel Waveforecast

GeographicDomain Threenestedgrids–NorthAtlantic,EastCoastandGulfofMaine


1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5.1.6,2.1,3.1,3.3,3.5,4.1,5.1


Significantwaveheight,peakandmeanwaveperiod,peakandmeanwavedirection,peakwind‐seaperiodanddirectionandwater‐level


.1degreefinestgrid,0.2degreeintermediategridand1.0degreecoarsegrid

Temporal Hourlyoutputsformostapplications


linuxcluster,16processorsideal


1.25FTE


Primaryinputbottomdepthandwindcomponents(COAMPS)wecanalsoincludeinputwaterlevel(tideandstormsurge),andcurrents.

DevelopmentNeeds Waterlevelinput(tideandstormsurge),currentsandaccurateelevation/waterdepthallowingfloodinganddrying.

SynthesisTableforCostEstimation

Model Modeling Variables Computing *Geographic Associated FTE


Name Subsystems Modeled Resources Cover/Location

Theme/Issue(s)

NECOFS Coupledatmos‐wave‐circulationmodels

Surfaceweather,forcing,waveandoceanstates

Linuxcluster,24nodes(8processorspernode)

(SeeNote1)

Regionwide 1,2,3,4 1

FVCOMInundationSystem

Coupledatmos‐wave‐circulationmodels

Surfaceforcing,waveandoceanstates,andcoastalinundation

Linuxcluster:10nodes(with8processorspernode)arerequiredforeachregion.(SeeNote1)

1.Scituate(MA)

2.Saco(ME)

3.Restofregion

4.CTalreadycovered

4,1 .25

NECOFS‐Ecosystem

Ecosystem/waterqualitymodelsystem

DO,nutrient,phyto‐andplanktonconcentrations

SameasNECOFS:Linuxcluster,24nodes(8processorspernode)

(SeeNote1)

Regionwide Allfour 0.5

JCOOTHydrology

FRAMES(constituentflux,temp)

Discharge,Nutrients,DOC,Temp

Discharge,Nutrients,DOC,Temp

Modest Regionwide Allfour 2forfirstyear,then1/yr

BIOWaveWatchIII

Coupledatmos‐wave

Surfaceweatherforcing,waveandoceanstates

Linuxcluster,16processors

GulfofMaine

EastCoast

NorthAtlantic

Allfour 1.25


DMACSUBSYSTEM

INTRODUCTION

Asecure,robustandcosteffectiveDataManagementandCommunications(DMAC)systemisrequiredtoeffectivelyintegrate,manageanddistributeregionalobservations,nowcastsandforecasts.TheDMACsystemwillalsosupportthedevelopmentofregionalproductsandservicesdevelopedtomeettargetedenduserneeds.NERACOOSwilladaptanddevelopitsexistingDMACcapacitytomeettheemergingIOOSDMACstandardsandrecommendationsandultimatelyprovidearegionalcapacityfordataintegration,managementanddistribution.

NERACOOSmakesregionaloceaninformationfromobservationsandmodelsavailableinavarietyofways.RobustmetadataisInteroperableweb‐basedservicesallowformachinetomachinecommunications.Portalsfacilitatehumanaccesstorealtimeandhistoricalinformation.Examplesincludeportalsfor;real‐timeseasurfacestateobservationsformariners,historicalclimateandecosysteminformationformanagers,andgeospatialinformationsupportingCoastalandMarineSpatialPlanning(CMSP).Partnershipsareimportantforregionalinformationstewardshipandaccessibility.ImportantregionalpartnersincludetheNortheastCoastalOceanDataPartnership(NeCODP)andtheNortheastOceanDataPortalWorkingGroupforCMSP.

OPERATIONALREQUIREMENTS

GeneraldescriptionofDMACOperationstobecompliantwithIOOSStandards

(asdescribedinWhitepaperandincludesdiscovery,QA/QC,archives)

NERACOOSiscomprisedofseveralsub‐regionalobservingsystemsoffixedoceanplatformsandmodelinggroups.EachprovidesDataManagementAndCommunicationservicesandproductslocally.NERACOOSalsomaintainsaregion‐wideDataAggregationCenter(DAC)withregionwideservicesandproducts.TheregionalDACwilleventuallyprovideaccesstoallNERACOOSobservationandmodelproductsaswellasintegrateotherfederalandstateobservationsandforecastsandprovideacomprehensiveregionaloceandataportal.IOOScompliantwebservices,SensorObservationService,THREDDSDataServer(TDS),WebMappingService(WMS),andWebCoverageService(WCS)existattheregionalandmanyofthesub‐regionalsystems.Weenvisionallofthesub‐regionalsystemsalongwiththeDACmaintainingIOOScompliantwebservicesforaccesstoobservationandmodeloutputs.ThesewebservicesprovideapathwaytotheproductionofrobustaccessanddiscoverymetadataviatheSensorMLandISO19139standardsandeventuallytoemergingQA/QCprocesschaindescriptionsasoutlinedbyQARTOD.AswelltheywillenablearchivingattheNODC.TheNODChasestablishedguidelinesanddevelopedNetCDFCDMcompliancetemplatesandadvocatesTDStoautomatethearchivingofobservationandmodeloutputs.GiventhattheIOOSDMACguidelinesareaworkinprogresstheestablishmentofthesewebservicesrequireon‐goingsoftwaremaintenanceandupdates.TheSOSstandardisalsoundergoingsignificantchangesbytheIOOSandwillrequireupdates.Establishment


ofwebservicesatallthesub‐regionallevelswouldensuretheabilitytoestablisharobustregionalDACprovidingagatewaytothenationalandglobalIOOSefforts.

RegionalDataManagementEnhancements

NERACOOSthroughit’spartnershipwiththeNortheastCoastalandOceanDataPartnership(NeCODP)hasbegunworkondevelopingregionwideconventionsforISOMetadatatoenableDatasetDiscovery.Thisworkshouldbecontinuedandfurtherworkshopsneedtobedevelopedtospreadtoolstotheregion.XMLencodingdesignedtoleverageJSONandAJAXrequestshavealsobeenadoptedwhichprovideaninteroperablepathwaywithmanywebservicesandvisualizationtools.Tomaintainarobustinfrastructureredundancyforcriticaldataservershavebeenimplemented.

ToensurethewidestpossibleuseofIOOSWebServiceswewillneedtodevelopeasytousetoolsand“cookbooks”providingguidanceforimplementationandupgradepaths.

MaintenanceActions

TheServiceOrientedArchitecture(SOA)ofSOSandTDSsystemsneedtobemaintainedandinoperation24/7forthepriorityareasofMarineOperations,CoastalHazardsandClimateChangemonitoring.Thiswillensurereadyaccesstoreal‐timein‐situobservationsandthedevelopmentoflongtime‐seriesofobservations.Asmentionedabove,thesoftwaretools,librariesandpackagesneedtobeconsistentlymaintainedandperiodicallyupgradedtokeepupwithemergingIOOSstandards,dataformatsandconventions.

CurrentAnnualIOOSRegionalDMACmeetingsinclude:

AnnualNeCODPmeeting QARTOD(hopefullythesewillberestored) IOOSDMACTeam(severalNERACOOSmembersareparticipants) ProductWorkshops ThereisaneedformoreregionwideDMACorientedworkshops

andmeetings(SOS,TDS,QA/QC,Metadata,etc.)toensurecoordinationandmaturityoftheDMACsystems.

DevelopmentNeeds

ViatheDACallthesesystemsareregisteredwiththenationalIOOS.Astheguidanceisdevelopedwewillfacethetaskofensuringthatallthesesystemsarecertifiedandmonitored.

ArrangementsmustbenegotiatedwiththeNODCforanautomatedarchivingprocessandthenreplicatedateachsubregionalsystem.

Effortsareneededtoensurethatallthesub‐regionshaveSOSandTDSserversinstalledandconfiguredandthattheDAChasthelatestversionsinstalledaswell.


Manyoftheexistingsub‐regionalTDSareoldandneedtobeupgradedandreconfiguredtosupportthemanynewpluginadditionssuchasncWMS(supportforWMSforvisualizinggriddeddata)ncISO(supportforproducingISO19115metadataforNetCDFfiles)andevenncSOS(supportforSOSfromNetCDFfiles).TheseupgradesandworkonthemetadatafrontutilizingncMLwillgreatlyincreasethegoalsofmakingdataavailableinIOOSrecommendedinteroperableformats.ncMLcanalsobeutilizedtoensureregionalNetCDFfilesareCFconventionscompliantperIOOSguidelines.

SYNTHESISTABLEFORCOSTESTIMATIONDMACNeeds ComputingResourcesRequired FTE

IOOS‐compliantDMAC

Dedicatedserversatdataproviderfacilities,whichareideallylocatedinasecurefacilitywithredundantpowertoensure24/7operations.

1

RegionalDataManagement

Dedicatedwebserveranddatabaseserverathostedfacilitywith24/7operatingcapacity.Includes2FTEsdedicatedtoCMSPactivities.

3

Maintenance 1

DevelopmentNeeds

Dedicateddevelopmentserverathostedfacility. 1


PRODUCTDEVELOPMENTSUBSYSTEM

INTRODUCTION

Toenableinformationtosupportdecisionsproductsortoolsneedtobedeveloped.Thisisaniterativeprocessrequiringscoping,developmentandrefinementsteps.Availablefundinglimitsthenumberofproductsthatcanbeenhancedordevelopedinagivenyear.Theproductsidentifiedfordevelopmentshouldcomefromtheprioritiesidentifiedwithinthevariousworkinggroups.NERACOOSproductdevelopmenteffortscanbeclassifiedintothreelevelsbasedonseveralfactorsthatincludecomplexitytoimplementfromatechnicalperspectiveandtheamountofuserinput/engagementneededtodeveloprequirementsfortheproducts.

FTERoles Productdeveloper–performsuseroutreach,compilesrequirements.Workswithcontent

teamstounderstandneedanddeveloppotentialproducts,developscontent. Graphicdesigner–developsprototypesandvisualinterfaceelements Programmer–writescode,integratesdata,developsfunctionality Producttester–interactswithproductsinbetamodetoidentifybugsandproblems.

Worksunderdirectionofproductdeveloper.

Levelsofproductdevelopment

FTErequirements

Simple Extensiontoexistingproducts:($5‐$10k)

Additionofnewsensors/obsplatformstoexistingproduct(sensorsaresimilartowhatisalreadybeingserved)

Extensionofproducttonewlocation(e.g.splashovertool)

Maintenance/troubleshootingofexistingproducts(factorsomeamountforeachproducttodealwithbugs,userdifficulty,customersupport,upgradestosoftware,etc)

Requiresminimaluserneeds/testing

Programmer‐.04FTE

ProductDeveloper‐.03FTE

Ifstaffedupwithafull‐timestaffthatincludestheroleslistedabove,thenumberofproductstobedevelopedattheSimplelevelcouldbebetween20‐25peryear,notincludingotherDMACservicesorlesscomplexproducts.

Medium

Complexextensiontoexistingproduct,newstraightforwardproduct

Additionofnewtypeofsensor/obsplatform(e.g.rightwhalebuoys)

Integrationofdata Requiressomelevelofuser

needs/testing

Programmer‐.15FTE

ProductDeveloper

Ifstaffedupwithafull‐timestaffthatincludestheroleslistedabove,thenumberofproductstobedevelopedat


($10‐$50k) ‐.13FTE

GraphicDesigner‐.05FTE

ProductTester‐.04FTE

theMediumlevelcouldbebetween6‐8peryear,notincludingotherDMACservicesorlesscomplexproducts.

Complex Newproductrequiringuserinput($50‐$100k)

Multi‐variate(modelplusobservation)

Highfunctionality(graphing,dataanalysis)

Complexityofdata(dataproductsforatlaswork)

Customproductforoneusertype(boater’sapp)

Requireshighlevelofuserneeds/testing

Programmer‐.25FTE




Ifstaffedupwithafull‐timestaffthatincludestheroleslistedabove,thenumberofproductstobedevelopedattheComplexlevelcouldbebetween3‐4peryear,notincludingotherDMACservicesorlesscomplexproducts.

Ageneralyear‐to‐yearrecommendationmightbetodevelop1Complexproduct,3Mediumproducts,and8Simpleproducts.Effortsshouldbemadetobalancetheneedsfromthevariousfocusareassothateachareacanbenefitfromthedevelopmentofnewproductsanddecisionsupporttoolsoverthecourseofseveralyears.

Thesefiguresareroughestimatesbasedonbudgetsfrompreviousdevelopmenteffortsfortheregion.Costsavingscanbefoundrelativelyeasilybyleveragingexistingproducts,sharingideasandcodewiththeotherRAs,andgenerallynotreinventingthewheelunlessabsolutelynecessary.IdeassuchasthedevelopmentofanIOOSproductregistry/coderepository/appstoreshouldbeinvestigatedandimplemented.Well‐documentedproductscouldbeadaptedtonewregionswithgreaterefficiencyandminimalefforttoreducedevelopmentcostsfortheindividualRAs.ThiswillallowformoreneedstobemetbytheIOOScommunityatlargerwithasmallerbudget.

Earlierthisyear,NERACOOSformedaproductdevelopmentworkinggroup.Thisgroupworkstounderstandtheneedscomingoutoftheindividualworkgroupsanddeterminewhatproductscouldbedevelopedtomeetthoseneeds.Adraftlistofpotentialproductswasdevelopedbythisgroupandisoutlinedbelow.

SYNTHESISTABLEFORCOSTESTIMATION


ProductName

Development ComputingResources

*GeographicCover/Location

AssociatedTheme/Issue(s)

FTEs Description

CoastalErosionandFlooding

SIMPLE/MEDIUM

Determineareastoextendproduct,collectstormdatum,identifyandacquiremodeloutputandforecastfeeds.

Modifycodeanddisplay.

Modelfeedintegration

Datafeedintegration

Websoftwaredevelopment

Graphicdesign

Pointspecific,notforentireregion.Canbeextendedtoasmanylocationsasneedediftheinformationisthere.

CoastalHazards

Programmer‐.04FTE


Extensionofexistingtooltonewareas,additionofreal‐timedata,failovermodelsandbeacherosionforecast.

RegionalIndicators

MEDIUM

Determinescopeandrequirements

Datafeedintegration


GraphicDesign

TBD ClimateChange

Programmer‐.15FTE




migrateselectedNERACOOSinformationintocustomized,value‐addedenvironmentalandeconomicindicators(documents,graphs,synthesisreports,andonlinetools)

EnvironmentalEventsReportingTool

MEDIUM


Datafeedintegration


GraphicDesign

NERACOOSregion

CoastalHazards

Programmer‐.15FTE



Displayreal‐timewarnings,allowuserstoaccessandviewahistoryofwarnings,andsignupforalerts



BeachWaterQualityTool

COMPLEX



Datafeedintegration


GraphicDesign

Pointspecificlocations

CoastalHazards

Programmer‐.25FTE




EstimatepathogenlevelsatScituate,MA,andSaco,ME(selectedbecausetheybothhavemultiplebeachesandshellfishareas,theavailabilityofsufficientpublically‐availabledataandthehighresolutionNECOFSsub‐models)

Hydrologicalriverdischargeforecast

MEDIUM



Datafeedintegration


GraphicDesign

Pointspecificlocations

Ecosystems

Programmer‐.15FTE





Virtualtidestationsandwavebuoys

SIMPLE



Datafeedintegration


GraphicDesign

Pointspecificlocationsextendedtoentireregion

IntegratedProducts

Programmer‐.04FTE


Modelintercomparison

MEDIUM/COMPLEX



Datafeedintegration


GraphicDesign

Entireregion IntegratedProducts

Programmer




Highresolutionforecastforatriskports

MEDIUM



Datafeedintegration


GraphicDesign

Pointspecificlocations–ports

MarineOperations

Programmer‐.15FTE




Vesseltracking

MEDIUM


Datafeedintegration

Websoftware

Entireregionwheredataisavailable

MarineOperations

Coastal

Programmer‐.15FTE

Product


development

GraphicDesign

Hazards Developer‐.13FTE



Climatologiesfrombuoydata

MEDIUM


Datafeedintegration


GraphicDesign

Entireregion MarineOperations

CoastalHazards

Programmer‐.15FTE




Developdisplayandaccesstoclimatologiesforallbuoylocationsthathaveenoughdata

USCG24hrwindanalysis

MEDIUM


Datafeedintegration


GraphicDesign


CoastalHazards

Programmer‐.15FTE




ProvidesUSCGalertand/oranalysiswhen24hrwindsreachacertainthreshold

Wavedatadisplay

Determinescopeandrequiremen



Programmer‐.04

Providewavedatadisplaysimilarto


SIMPLE ts Datafeedintegration


GraphicDesign

CoastalHazards

FTE


NDBCorCDIPforNERACOOSbuoys

Productuserguidesanddescription

SIMPLE


Developpagestosupportuseofproducts.Minimalwebdevelopmentneeded


Programmer‐.04FTE


ProvidehowtoguidesforNERACOOSproductsandexplanationofdifferentforecastsprovided

USGShistoricalnear‐bottomcurrent,temperatureandturbiditydata

MEDIUM


Pointspecificcouldbeextendedtoentireregion

IntegratedProducts

Programmer‐.15FTE




RegionalProductsDirectory

SIMPLE

Identifyproducts,developcontent

Buildpagesanddirectory

Minimalwebprogramming,somedesign


Programmer‐.04FTE



RESEARCHANDDEVELOPMENT

INTRODUCTION

Todevelop,operate,andmaintainafullyintegratedobservingsystemthatachievesthesocietalgoalsofIOOSwillrequirecontinuedinvestmentinresearchanddevelopment(R&D).ThisR&Dincludesactivitiestoadvanceourknowledgeofhowthecoastal,oceanic,andGreatLakeswatersandtheirecosystemsfunction,todevelopthesensorsandplatformsnecessarytorapidlydetectchangesintheecosystemanditscapacitytoprovidegoodsandservices,andtodevelopthetoolsnecessarytopredictsuchchanges.AlthoughIOOSisaimedatoperationalobservingsystemsratherthanR&D,theRegionalAssociationshaveauniqueroleinidentifyingandprioritizingtheregionalrequirementsforR&D,aswellasthenecessarytransitionsfromresearchprojecttopilotprojecttopre‐operationalactivitiestooperationalsystems.

OPERATIONALREQUIREMENTS PersonneltogatherR&Drequirements Forums(e.g.,workshops)onR&Drequirements Conceptdevelopmentforpilotprojects

SYNTHESISTABLEFORCOSTESTIMATIONR&DNeed Associated

ThemePersonnelandothercosts

RARole RoleofOthers

AdoptionProcess

DeterminationofstakeholderrequirementsneedingR&D

All .25 Gatherregionalinformationandprioritizerequirements

SponsoredworkshopsorotherforumsonR&Dneeds

$30keverythreeyears

Toidentifyneedsandsolutions

R&DNeed1BroadscopeSensordevelopment(HAB,nutrients,pathogens,phytoplankton,

Zooplankton,

All Recommendorendorseproject.Providetestbedaccesstoplatforms.

PartnerandfundunlessIOOSfundingexpands


etc.)

R&DNeed2

Biofoulingprevention



System,power,datamanagement,andtelemetryimprovements



Platform/systemdevelopment(e.g.Profilingmoorings,autonomoussurfacecraft,platformofopportunitysystems)



ImprovementstoNECOFS‐General

All Recommendorendorselargerscaleprojectsincludingdevelopinghardenedinfrastructure.Alsosmallimprovementsaspartofsystemdevelopment.


ImprovementstoNECOFSInundationForecastSystem–adaptationfor

4.1,2.3 Recommendorendorselargerscaleprojects.Alsosmallimprovements

PartnerandfundunlessIOOSfunding


otherlocations aspartofsystemdevelopment.

expands

ImprovementstoNECOFSEcosystem/Waterquality

1.Identificationandspecificationofapplications

2.Boundaryinputsofnutrients(e.g.,outputofGM‐WICS)

3.Validationforalong‐termsimulation

3 Recommendorendorselargerscaleprojects.Alsosmallimprovementsaspartofsystemdevelopment.


UNHGulfofMaineWatershedInformationandCharacterizationSystem(GM‐WICS)‐Furtherdevelopmentofsystemintomoreoperationalsystem

All Recommendorendorselargerscaleprojects.Alsosmallimprovementsaspartofsystemdevelopment.



TRAININGANDEDUCATIONSUBSYSTEM

INTRODUCTION

NERACOOSengagesstakeholdergroupsthroughtailoredtrainingandeducationactivitiesaswellasproductdevelopment.Educationstakeholdersincludethoseinbothformal(Kthroughgraduateschool)andinformal(museums,aquaria,andsciencecenters)settings.Otherstakeholdersincludemarineresourcemanagers,publichealthofficials,energyindustry,fishermen,boaters,tourismindustry,emergencyresponders,maritimeoperations,real‐estateandinsuranceindustry.TrainingthenextgenerationofoceanobservingprofessionalsisessentialtotheongoingoperationanddevelopmentofoceanobservingsystemssuchasNERACOOS.

TARGETAUDIENCESo Stakeholdergroups(e.g.,marineresourcemanagers,publichealthofficials,energyindustry,

fishermen,boaters,tourismindustry,emergencyresponders,maritimeoperations,real‐estateandinsuranceindustry)

o FormaleducatorsandOceanEducationPartners(K‐GraduateSchool)o Informaleducationaudiences(museums,aquaria,sciencecenters)o Internal‐ProfessionaldevelopmentforRAstaff/councilandcommitteemembers

OPERATIONALANDINFORMATIONREQUIREMENTS(BRIEFLYDESCRIBEBYPRODUCTORSERVICE)

SYNTHESISTABLEFORCOSTESTIMATIONTargetaudience

ProductorService DevelopmentCosts

DistributionCosts

FTEs

Stakeholdergroups

Continuestakeholderworkshopstounderstandinformationneeds

Facilitate“thinktank”meetingsfordataprovidersandproductdeveloperstofosterthedevelopmentofnovelproducts,avoidduplicityofefforts,andestablishredundancieswhereneeded.

CreateadirectoryofIOOSExperts(pointsofcontact)availableforspecifictopics,andwillingtospeakorparticipateatvariousvenues.

Providetechnicaltrainingtoappropriateaudienceswhen

2FTEs


productslaunched

Createstakeholder‐specificdisplaysorpresentationstoshareatappropriatevenues

DevelopkiosksthatmakeRTDavailableatpublicplaces(e.g.,marinas,fishingpiers,boatramps,beachsidehotelsandrestaurants,diveshops,etc.)

Stakeholder(DecisionMakers)

Developmentoftrainingmaterialsandtrainingonhowtouse/implementdecisionsupportproducts(workshops,webinars,tutorials,etc.)

$10K $10Kperworkshop

Stakeholder(R&Dpartners)

Engagementtodefineregionalpriorityresearchanddevelopmentneeds.Workshops,webinarsetc,

R&DandOL‐engagescientists,broadenparticipation.WorkwithCOSEEonBroaderImpactsinitiative.

Fellowshipsfortrainingnextgenerationofoceanobservingprofessionals

$50kperfellowship(salaryandtravel)

$10Kformeetingtraveletc

Stakeholder(AudienceSeekers–Electedofficials)

Educationalmeetingsandsupportingmaterials

$20kforconsultantstoassistwithelectedofficialeducation

$5Kformeetingtraveletc.

Meetingschedulingandtracking,developmaterials,printmaterials,etc

Stakeholder(AudienceSeekers–MediaandPublic)

Pressreleases,mediaeventsetc.

Website

Newsletter

ConsistentMessaging‐implementcommunication

$20ktodevelopandconductevents

$10‐20Kforwebdevelopment


strategy

FormaleducatorsandOceanEducationPartners(K‐GraduateSchool)

Workshopstodevelopandsharelessonplans

Visits/webinarswithclassesandteachersetc.

$25K/workshop Website

Trainingfortechnologiesandproducts

i. Workshops,webinarsii. Tutorialsiii. Trainingmaterials

Collaborationwithoceaneducationpartners(local,regional,andnational).Supportpartnershipsthrough:

i. Attendmeetings(NMEA,NSTA,etc)

ii. Participateinprojects(COSEE,OOI,etc)

$10ktravelandregistration

Informaleducationaudiences(museums,aquaria,sciencecenters)

Exhibitdevelopmentandmaintenance,developoneexhibiteverythreeyearsinsciencecenterorpublicspace

Programdevelopmentandtraining

MeetingstobringawarenesstoIOOS(ex.FishermenForums,PortSafetyMeetings,etc.)

ProvideProfessionalDevelopmentopportunitiesforstaffanddocents

CreateacommunityofCitizenScientiststhattakeownershipofspecificwaterways

$50‐100K/exhibit

Programtraining$10K

Internal‐Professionaldevelopment

ProfessionaldevelopmentforRAstaff/councilandcommitteemembers

$5kprofessionaldevelopment


forRAstaff/councilandcommitteemembers

FacilitatedialogueamongcouncilsandcommitteestoenabledevelopmentofafullyintegratedRegionalOperationsCenter

CreateanIOOStoolboxthatwillenableallIOOSeducatorstocommunicateconsistentmessages,sharesuccessfuldataapplicationsandextendsuccessfulprogramsbeyondindividualRAs

CrossCutting EstablishroutinePublicBroadcastingmessagesabouttheregion

NewsstationsbroadcastIOOSinformationonadailybasis

PublicradiomessagesincludeIOOSinformation

Newsletter

Website


GOVERNANCEANDMANAGEMENTSUBSYSTEM

INTRODUCTION

TheadministrationandmanagementofNERACOOSrequiresdedicatedfulltimestaffandcontractsupport.Regularoperationsincludeadministrationoftheorganization(financialandpersonnelmanagement,legalsupport,officespaceandequipment,etc.),supportfortheBoardofDirectors,StrategicPlanningandImplementation(SPI)Team,andworkinggroups,aswellasmanagementoftheobservingsystemandotherdutiesrelatedtothemanagementandoversightoftheorganization.Staffinglevelsdependonthesizeoftheobservingsystem.

SYNTHESISTABLEFORCOSTESTIMATION Office

Space*OfficeEquipmentandSupplies

FTEs

BoardandOrganizationSupportandManagement

90ft2

60ft2

60ft2

1ExecutiveDirector

1ProgramCoordinator

1AA

ObservingSystemManagement

60ft2 1TechnicalDirector

Financial,Legal,PersonnelManagement

60ft2 1BusinessandGrantsManager

.20Legalcontract

A133annualaudit(~$17Kin2011)

Other

MeetingSpace

Evaluation(contractual)

Communications

Meetingsupport

Membershipfees

Travel

150ft2

0.25FTE

~$5kin2011

~$6,500Kin2011

~$10Kin2011

~$40Kin2011

Total 480ft2 ~$15Kin2011