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Arkansas English Language Arts Curriculum Frameworks Grade 11 Common Core Curriculum draft

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Arkansas Curriculum Framework

Common Core Curriculum- Draft

Pages and Resources

Strand: Oral and Visual Communication

Standard 1: Speaking

Students shall demonstrate effective oral communication skills to express ideas and to present information.

THE GOAL FOR EACH STUDENT IS PROFICIENCY IN ALL REQUIREMENTS AT PREVIOUS AND CURRENT GRADE.

Grade 11

Speaking to share understanding and information

OV.1.11.1 Prepare and participate in structured discussions, such as Socratic discussions

SL.1. Initiate and participate effectively in group discussions on grades 11–12 topics, texts, and issues being studied in class.

SL.1.a. Prepare for discussions by distilling the evidence or information about the material under study and explicitly draw on that preparation in discussions.

SL.1.b. Cooperate with peers to set clear goals and deadlines, establish roles, and determine ground rules for decision making (e.g., informal consensus, taking votes on key issues, presentation of alternate views).

SL.1.c. Propel conversations forward by asking questions that test the evidence and by sharing findings that clarify, verify, or challenge ideas and conclusions.

SL.1.d. Summarize accurately the comments and claims made on all sides of an issue and determine what additional information, research, and tasks are required for the team to complete the task.

SL.1.e. Evaluate whether the team has met its goals.

PH Lit: Discussion, 14, 224, 361, 474, 897, 978, 1185, 1290, 1292, R50; Press conference, 201; Interview, 16, 453, 978



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OV.1.11.2 Present a formal multi-media presentation

SL.2. Integrate multiple streams of data presented through various mediums, evaluating the reliability and credibility of each source of information in order to answer questions, solve problems, or build knowledge.

SL.5. Make strategic use of digital media elements and visual displays of data to enhance understanding.

PH Lit: Multimedia Presentation, 944–951; Writing Lesson: Electronic Slide Presentation, 535, Multi-Genre Response to Literature, 910, Multi-Genre Response to Poetry, 1078, Ad Campaign, 1363; Communications Workshop: Oral Interpretation of a Literary Work, 676–677, Research and Technology: Multimedia Presentation, 702

SL.4. Plan and deliver focused and coherent presentations that convey clear and distinct perspectives such that the line of reasoning and sources of support are clear and alternative perspectives are addressed, adjusting presentation to particular audiences and purposes.

PH Lit: Communications Workshop: Write and Deliver a Persuasive Speech, 448–449; Oral Interpretation of Literary Work, 676–677; Listening and Speaking: Oral presentation, 14, 474, 565, 702, 1269; Oral report, 681; Research and Technology: Multimedia Presentation, 702; Impromptu speech, 222

Speaking for literary response, expression and analysis

OV.1.11.3 Participate in a variety of such speaking activities as scenes from a play, monologues, memorization of lines, character analysis, literary reviews, excerpts from famous speeches, and comparison of genre across eras

SL.6. Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and communicative tasks, demonstrating a command of formal English when indicated or appropriate.

PH Lit: Communications Workshop: Write and Deliver a Persuasive Speech, 448–449; Oral Interpretation of Literary Work, 676–677; Listening and Speaking: Presentation, 14; Slide Presentation, 222; Group Discussion, 897; Research and Technology: Multimedia Presentation, 702; Small Group Discussion, 224, 361, 476



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Standard 2: Listening

Students shall demonstrate effective listening skills in formal and informal settings.


Grade 11

Listening for information, interpretation, critical analysis, and evaluation

OV.2.11.1 Demonstrate critical, empathetic, and reflective listening to interpret, respond to, and evaluate speakers’ messages

SL.1.d. Summarize accurately the comments and claims made on all sides of an issue and determine what additional information, research, and tasks are required for the team to complete the task.

PH Lit: Evaluate a Persuasive Speech, 196; Analyze a Political Advertisement, 952; Analyze and Evaluate Entertainment Media, 1264; Analyze Media Coverage of the Same Event, 1456; Discussion, 14, 224, 361, 474, 897, 978, 1185, 1290, 1292, R50; Press conference, 201; Interview, 16, 453, 978

OV.2.11.2 Identify organizational patterns appropriate to diverse situations, such as interviews, debates, and conversations

PH Lit: Communications Workshop, 196, 448, 676, 952, 1264, 1456; Discussion, 14, 224, 361, 474, 897, 978, 1185, 1290, 1292, R50; Press conference, 201; Interview, 16, 453, 978

OV.2.11.3 Identify barriers to listening and generate methods to overcome them

PH Lit: For related content see: Analyze a Political Advertisement, 952; Analyze and Evaluate Entertainment Media, 1264; Analyze Media Coverage of the Same Event, 1456; Discussion, 14, 224, 361, 474, 897, 978, 1185, 1290, 1292, R50; Press conference, 201; Interview, 16, 453, 978

OV.2.11.4 Critique the clarity, accuracy, relevance, organization of evidence, and effectiveness of delivery of a presentation

PH Lit: Evaluate a Persuasive Speech, 196; Analyze a Political Advertisement, 952; Analyze and Evaluate Entertainment Media, 1264; Analyze Media Coverage of the Same Event, 1456



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OV.2.11.5 Demonstrate attentive, reflective, and critical listening skills to respond to, interpret, and evaluate speaker’s message

SL.3. Evaluate the information conveyed and rhetoric used by a speaker or presenter, identifying logical errors in reasoning and exaggerated or distorted evidence.

PH Lit: Evaluate a Persuasive Speech, 196; Analyze a Political Advertisement, 952; Analyze and Evaluate Entertainment Media, 1264; Analyze Media Coverage of the Same Event, 1456; Discussion, 14, 224, 361, 474, 897, 978, 1185, 1290, 1292, R50; Press conference, 201; Interview, 16, 453, 978

Strand: Oral and Visual Communication

Standard 3: Media Literacy

Students shall demonstrate knowledge and understanding of media as a mode of communication.


Grade 11

Analyzing media

OV.3.11.1 Describe the possible cause/effect relationships between mass media coverage and public opinion trends


PH Lit: Communications Workshop: Political Advertisement (nonprint) Analysis, 952–953, Print Media Coverage Comparison, 1456–1457

Evaluating media credibility

OV.3.11.2 Use appropriate criteria to evaluate media with emphasis on prejudice, censorship, and disinformation


PH Lit: Communications Workshop: Political Advertisement (nonprint) Analysis, 952–953, Print Media Coverage Comparison, 1456–1457



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Pages and Resources

Strand: Writing

Standard 4: Process

Students shall employ a wide range of strategies as they write, using the writing process appropriately.


Grade 11

Prewriting

W.4.11.1 Apply appropriate prewriting strategies to address purpose and audience with emphasis on exposition

W.5. Strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience.

PH Lit: Writing Workshop: Prewriting, 189, 441, 665, 945, 1257, 1449; Writing Lesson: Prewriting, 30, 67, 93, 109, 121, 154, 177, 241, 286, 320, 357, 373, 391, 421, 439, 491, 515, 529, 584, 612, 649, 663, 715, 727, 754, 763, 777, 794, 831, 845, 887, 910, 999, 1025, 1039, 1069, 1078, 1092, 1159, 1183, 1215, 1236, 1309, 1322, 1345, 1361, 1391, 1422, 1440

W.4.11.2 Communicate clearly the purpose of the writing

W.4. Produce writing in which the organization, development, substance, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.

PH Lit: Purpose, consider, 177; also see: Writing Workshop: Narrowing Your Topic, 189, 441, 665, 945, 1257, 1449

Prewriting

W.4.11.3 Write clear and varied sentences

PH Lit: Sentences, combining, 31, 94; Sentences, vary, 192, 444, 613, 1114; Sentence fragments, 447, 951; Phrase, Clause, 613; Avoiding Sentence Fragments and Run-ons, 1237; Using Transitional Expressions, 1323; Varying Sentences, 1441; Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics Handbook, R57–R58



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W.4.11.4 Elaborate ideas clearly and accurately through word choice, vivid description, and selected information

L.3. Make effective language choices.

PH Lit: Word choice, 55, 67, 191, 193, 200, 391, 439, 439, 452, 668, 680, 715, 727, 910, 927, 946, 1114, 1183, 1215, 1422, 1452

W.4.11.5 Adapt content vocabulary, voice, and tone to audience, purpose, and situation

PH Lit: Audience, consider, 177, 189, 1450; Audience, knowledge level for, 999; also see: Logic, clarify, 320, 1260, 1345; Arguments, 391, 612, 666, 1215, 1260, 1391; Clarity, 727; Analysis, support of, 754; Balance, strike a, 946; Counterargument, 1215

W.4.11.6 Arrange paragraphs into a logical progression with appropriate transition

PH Lit: For related content see: Structure, overall, 192, 444; also see: Introduction/body/conclusion, 93, 154, 373, 391, 442, 529, 557, 754, 910, 999, 1025, 1101, 1258, 1422

Revising

W.4.11.7 Revise content of writing for central idea, elaboration, unity, and organization


PH Lit: Writing Workshop: Revising, 192, 444, 948, 1260, 1452; Writing Lesson: Revising, 515, 777, 794, 845, 1025, 1236, 1422

W.4.11.8 Revise style of writing for selected vocabulary, selected information, sentence variety, tone, and voice


PH Lit: Writing Workshop: Revising, 192, 444, 948, 1260, 1452; Writing Lesson: Revising, 515, 777, 794, 845, 1025, 1236, 1422



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W.4.11.9 Revise sentence formation in writing for completeness, coordination, subordination, standard word order, and absence of fused sentences



W.4.11.10 Evaluate how well questions of purpose, audience, and genre have been addressed

PH Lit: Peer review, use, 55, 192, 444, 668, 948, 1260, 1452

Editing

W.4.11.11 Apply grammatical conventions to edit for standard inflections, agreement, word meaning, and conventions


L.3.a. Write and edit work so that it conforms to the guidelines in a style manual.

PH Lit: Editing/Proofreading, 195, 447, 675, 951, 1263, 1455; also see: Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics, 31, 94, 155, 287, 321, 358, 585, 613, 755, 911, 1093, 1115, 1237, 1323, R56–R63

W.4.11.12 Apply grammatical conventions for capitalization, punctuation, formatting, and spelling

L.2. Observe conventions of capitalization, punctuation, and spelling. a. Observe the conventions concerning using hyphens to join words. b. Spell correctly.

PH Lit: Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics, 31, 94, 155, 287, 321, 358, 585, 613, 755, 911, 1093, 1115, 1237, 1323, R56–R63; also see: Spelling, 195, 447, 675, 1263, 1455; Editing/Proofreading, 195, 447, 675, 951, 1263, 1455

Publishing

W.4.11.13 Refine selected pieces frequently to publish for intended audiences and purposes

W.10. Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences.

PH Lit: Writing Workshop: Publishing and Presenting, 195, 447, 675, 951, 1263, 1455



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W.4.11.14 Maintain a writing portfolio that exhibits growth and reflection in the progress of meeting goals and expectations

PH Lit: Reflecting on Your Writing & Publishing and Presenting, 195, 447, 675, 951, 1263, 1455

W.4.11.15 Use available technology for all aspects of the writing process

W.6. Demonstrate command of technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update work in response to ongoing feedback, including fresh arguments or new information.

PH Lit: For related content see: Writing Workshop: Publishing and Presenting, 195, 447, 675, 951, 1263, 1455; also see: Multimedia Presentation, 944–951; Writing Lesson: Electronic Slide Presentation, 535, Multi-Genre Response to Literature, 910, Multi-Genre Response to Poetry, 1078, Ad Campaign, 1363; Communications Workshop: Oral Interpretation of a Literary Work, 676–677, Research and Technology: Multimedia Presentation, 702; 21st Century Skills, R42–R47



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Pages and Resources

Strand: Writing

Standard 5: Purposes, Topics, Forms, and Audiences

Students shall demonstrate competency in writing for a variety of purposes, topics and audiences employing a wide range of forms.


Grade 11

Purposes and Audiences

W.5.11.1 Use effective rhetorical techniques and demonstrate understanding of purpose, speaker, audience, and form when completing expressive, persuasive, or literary writing assignments

W.1. Write arguments in which they:

W.1.c. Use precise words, phrases, and complex syntax to make explicit the relationships between claims and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claims and counterclaims.

W.1.d. Sustain an objective style and tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the specific discipline as well as to the audience’s knowledge, values, and possible biases.

PH Lit: Writing Workshop: Persuasive Essay, 1256–1263; Writing Lesson: Persuasive Editorial, 121; Editorial, 391, 663; Persuasive Essay, 255, 562, 1401; Persuasive Letter, 1183; Position Statements, 1255; Parody, 1391



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Topics and Forms

W.5.11.2 Write expository compositions, including analytical essays and research reports, that

• assemble and convey evidence in support of the thesis

• make distinctions between the relative value and significance of data, facts, and ideas

• employ visual aids when appropriate

W.2. Write informative/explanatory texts in which they:

W.2. a. Introduce a complex topic and organize the information at multiple levels of the text so that each new piece of information builds on that which precedes it to create a unified whole; include formatting (e.g., headings) and graphics (e.g., figures, tables) when useful to clarify ideas.

W.2. b. Thoroughly develop aspects of a complex topic through the purposeful selection of the most significant and relevant facts, concrete details, quotations, extended definitions, or other information and examples.

W.2. c. Use varied transitional devices and sentence structures to create cohesion, clarify complex ideas, and link the major sections of the text.

W.2. d. Use precise language, domain-specific and technical wording (when appropriate), and techniques such as metaphor, simile, and analogy to manage the complexity of the topic in a style that responds to the specific discipline and context as well as to the expertise of likely readers.

W.2. e. Provide a well-developed conclusion that follows logically from the information or explanation provided and articulates the implications or significance of the topic.

PH Lit: Writing Workshop: Reflective Essay, 440–447, Historical Investigation Report, 664–675, Multimedia Presentation, 944–951, Persuasive Essay, 1256–1263; also see: Comparison-and-contrast essay, 109, 133, 200, 268, 452, 543, 593, 680, 794, 919, 927, 956, 999, 1249, 1268, 1345, 1460; Essay, 515, 1025, 1061, 1101; Analytical essay, 584, 865, 871, 910, 1055, 1332, 1355



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W.5.11.3 Write using rhetorical strategies with special emphasis on compare/contrast, argumentation/persuasion, cause/effect, and classification







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W.5.11.4 Write persuasive compositions that

• structure ideas and arguments

• clarify and defend positions with precise and relevant evidence

• use specific rhetorical devices to support assertions

• address readers’ concerns, counterclaims, biases, and expectations


W.1.a. Introduce a substantive claim, establish its significance, distinguish it from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization so that claims, reasons, and evidence are purposefully and logically sequenced.

W.1.b. Develop a claim and counterclaim thoroughly and fairly, supplying the most relevant evidence, while pointing out the strengths of their own claim and the weaknesses of the counterclaim.



W.1. e. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows logically from the argument and offers a reflection or recommendation.




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W.5.11.5 Write a variety of letters, including letters for employment and letters of request, that

• follow a conventional format

• address the intended audience

• provide clear, purposeful information

• use appropriate vocabulary, tone, and style


PH Lit: Business letter, 1114; Persuasive letter, 1183; Letter to author, 1407, 1422

W.5.11.6 Write poems using a range of poetic techniques, forms and figurative language, emphasizing free verse poetry

PH Lit: Poem: found, 45, using extended metaphor, 1045

W.5.11.7 Write responses to literature that

• articulate the significant ideas of literary works

• support important ideas and viewpoints

• analyze the author’s use of stylistic devices

• determine the impact of ambiguities, nuances, and complexities using evidence from the text

W.9. Write in response to literary or informational sources, drawing evidence from the text to support analysis and reflection as well as to describe what they have learned.

W.9.a. Apply grades 11–12 reading standards to literature (e.g., “Analyze how an author draws on and transforms fictional source material, such as how Shakespeare draws on a story from Ovid, or a later author draws on Shakespeare”).

W.9.b. Apply grades 11–12 reading standards to literary nonfiction (e.g., “Evaluate the reasoning and rhetoric that support an argument or explanation, including assessing the relevance and sufficiency of evidence and identifying false statements or fallacious reasoning”).

PH Lit: Writing Lessons: Response to literature, 154, 910, 1078, Critical essay, 491, 807, 887, Essay in response to criticism, 515, Essay About Historical Context, 763; Character types essay, 593, Character analysis, 715, Approaches to literary criticism, 777, 1069, Critical review, 831, 1322, Poetry essay, 871, 1055, Essay of interpretation, 1025



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W.5.11.8 Write on demand to a specified prompt within a given time frame


PH Lit: Timed Writing, 133, 187, 255, 397, 505, 562, 624, 771, 943, 1008, 1255, 1447

W.5.11.9 Write across the curriculum


PH Lit: For related content see: Museum placard, 177; Symposium, 201; Historical context essay, 763; Evaluation: magazine designs, 957

W.3. Write narratives in which they:

W.3.a. Engage the reader by establishing the significance of a problem, situation, or observation and purposefully organize events or experiences.

W.3. b. Develop narrative elements (e.g., setting, stance, event sequence, complex characters) with purposefully selected details that call readers’ attention to what is most distinctive or worth noticing.

W.3. c. Use a variety of techniques to build toward a particular impact (e.g., a sense of mystery, suspense, growth, or resolution).

W.3.d. Use precise language to develop the events, experiences, and ideas clearly and to reinforce the style.

W.3. e. Provide a satisfying conclusion that follows from what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative.

PH Lit: Writing Workshop: Autobiographical Narrative, 188–195; Short Story, 1448–1455; Writing Lesson: Play, 30; Journal Entry, 55; Modern Retelling of a Story, 241; Monologue, 845; Sequel, 857; Same Story, 1309; Memoir, 1440; Radio play, 1092



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Strand: Writing

Standard 6: Conventions

Students shall apply knowledge of Standard English conventions in written work.


Grade 11

Sentence Formation

W.6.11.1 Use a variety of sentence structures, types, and lengths for effect in writing


Usage

W.6.11.2 Apply usage rules appropriately in all formal writing

L.1. Observe conventions of grammar and usage.

L.1.a. Apply the understanding that usage is a matter of convention, can change over time, and is sometimes contested.

L.1.b. Resolve complex usage issues, particularly when the issue involves contested or changing usage; consult references (e.g., Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of English Usage) as needed for guidance.

PH Lit: Editing and Proofreading, 195, 447, 675, 1263, 1455; also see: Sentences, combining, 31, 94; Sentences, vary, 192, 444, 613, 1114; Sentence fragments, 447, 951; Phrase, Clause, 613; Avoiding Sentence Fragments and Run-ons, 1237; Using Transitional Expressions, 1323; Varying Sentences, 1441; Grammar, Usage, and Mechanics Handbook, R57–R58

• Subject verb agreement PH Lit: Subject-verb agreement, 755

• Pronoun agreement PH Lit: Pronoun-antecedent agreement, 911

• Misplaced modifiers PH Lit: Modifier placement, 585



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• Active and passive voice PH Lit: Voice, active/passive, 1115

• Indicative and subjunctive mood

Reading Kit (anc): 398, 399

Spelling

W.6.11.3 Apply conventional spelling to all pieces

L.2.b. Spell correctly.

PH Lit: Spelling, 195, 447, 675, 1263, 1455

Capitalization

W.6.11.4 Apply conventional rules of capitalization in writing

L.2. Observe conventions of capitalization, punctuation, and spelling.

PH Lit: Writing Workshop: Editing and Proofreading (names and places), 195: Writing: Revising, 1159; Capitalization, R61

Punctuation

W.6.11.5 Apply the punctuation rules appropriately in writing

L.2. Observe conventions of capitalization, punctuation, and spelling.

L.2. a. Observe the conventions concerning using hyphens to join words.

PH Lit: Commas, 31, 1263; Punctuation Tip, 31, 155, 613, 1323; Writer’s Toolbox: Punctuation in Dialogue, 1453; Handbook, R61

Strand: Writing

Standard 7: Craftsmanship

Students shall develop personal style and voice as they approach the craftsmanship of writing.


Grade 11

Purposefully shaping and controlling language

W.7.11.1 Use figurative language effectively with emphasis on extended metaphor and symbolism

PH Lit: Poem, using extended metaphor, 1045; also see: Description, 55, 83; Imagery, 93; Images, visual, 1078



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W.7.11.2 Use a variety of sentence structures, types, and lengths to contribute to fluency and interest


W.7.11.3 Apply such elements of discourse as purpose, speaker, audience, and form when completing narrative, expository, persuasive, or descriptive writing assignments

PH Lit: Writing Workshop: Autobiographical Narrative, 188–195, Reflective Essay, 440–447, Historical Investigation Report, 664–675, Multimedia Presentation, 944–951, Persuasive Essay, 1256–1263, Short Story, 1448–1455

W.7.11.4 Demonstrate organization, unity, and coherence by using implied transitions and sequencing

PH Lit: Transitional words/phrases, 154, 286, 320, 529, 543, 887, 948, 1025, 1078, 1114, 1236, 1260, 1345, 1391; Structure, overall, 192, 444; also see: Introduction/body/conclusion, 93, 154, 373, 391, 442, 529, 557, 754, 910, 999, 1025, 1101, 1258, 1422

W.7.11.5 Use extension and multi-level elaboration to develop an idea emphasizing dependent clauses

PH Lit: Elaboration, 190, 666, 1258; also see: Support, review and evaluate, 121; Details, gather, 55, 67, 79, 83, 189, 241, 421, 441, 442, 529, 612, 663, 665, 910, 1257, 1309, 1332, 1361, 1449; Evidence, 200, 663, 1183, 1257; also see: Subordination, 155



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W.7.11.6 Combine concrete and commentary information for elaboration

PH Lit: Support, review and evaluate, 121; Details, gather, 55, 67, 79, 83, 189, 241, 421, 441, 442, 529, 612, 663, 665, 910, 1257, 1309, 1332, 1361, 1449; Evidence, 200, 663, 1183, 1257

W.7.11.7 Use precise word choices that convey specific meaning

PH Lit: Word choice, 55, 67, 191, 193, 200, 391, 439, 439, 452, 668, 680, 715, 727, 910, 927, 946, 1114, 1183, 1215, 1422, 1452

W.7.11.8 Personalize writing to convey voice in formal and informal pieces

PH Lit: Language, use appropriate, 121; Arguments, 391, 612, 666, 1215, 1391; Conversational style, appropriate, 783; Appeals, effective, 1258

W.7.11.9 Use point of view, characterization, style, and related elements for specific rhetorical (communication) and aesthetic (artistic) purposes

PH Lit: Writing Workshop: Autobiographical Narrative, 188–195, Reflective Essay, 440–447, Historical Investigation Report, 664–675, Persuasive Essay, 1256–1263, Short Story, 1448–1455

W.7.11.10 Evaluate own writing and others’ writing to highlight the individual voice, improve sentence variety and style, and enhance subtlety of meaning of tone in ways that are consistent with the purpose, audience, and form of writing

PH Lit: Reflecting on Your Writing & Publishing and Presenting, 195, 447, 675, 951, 1263, 1455



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Pages and Resources

Strand: Reading

Standard 9: Comprehension

Students shall apply a variety of strategies to read and comprehend printed material.


Grade 11

Literal and inferential understanding

R.9.11.1 Connect own background knowledge to recognize and analyze personal biases brought to a text

PH Lit: Background knowledge, use, 506, 510, 514, 536, 542, 543, 1056, 1061, 1160, 1392, 1393, 1401

R.9.11.2 Analyze style and diction to determine author’s purpose

PH Lit: Author's style, 56, 74, 79, 376, 380, 385, 390, 406, 407, 424, 517, 676, 778, 782, 783, 798, 805, 807, 1324, 1328, 1330, 1331, 1332; Diction, 425, 429, 430, 438, 448, 536, 539, 543, 1070, 1077, 1376, 1381



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R.9.11.3 Develop and use appropriate strategies to support active reading and engagement

PH Lit: Purpose for reading, set/establish, 18, 22, 26, 29, 518, 523, 524, 528; Signal words, recognize, 46, 49, 54, 55; Paraphrase to determine meaning, 74, 76, 79, 778, 781, 783, 1376, 1381; Inference, draw, 270, 275, 277, 279, 285, 1346, 1355; Essential message, determine, 334, 342, 349, 356, 552, 557; Challenging or Questioning the text, 364, 372; Questions, generate, 492, 493, 497, 501, 505, 846, 850, 853, 854; Predictions, make, 594, 597, 598, 600, 606, 611, 846, 857, 1160, 1163, 1168, 1176, 1177, 1180, 1182, 1296, 1304, 1307, 1308; Questions, ask, 650, 659, 660, 662, 1324, 1332; Conclusions, draw, 1010, 1015, 1020, 1024, 1392, 1393, 1401; Relate to own experience, 1424, 1428, 1439



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R.9.11.4 Analyze how works of a given period reflect author’s background, historical events, and cultural influences

PH Lit: Essential Questions of the Literary Period: What is the relationship between place and literature?, 6, 214, 470, 694, 976, 1285; What makes American literature American?, 9, 219, 472, 699, 974, 1287; How does literature shape or reflect society?, 11, 216, 466, 696, 970, 1282; also see: Philosophical assumptions, analyze, 40, 43, 45, 376, 381, 386, 390, 614, 615, 619, 620, 624; Writer's perspective, analyze, 178, 179, 181, 184, 186, 187, 682; Historical period, evaluate influences of, 226, 229, 231, 237, 240, 634, 639, 1216, 1218, 1234; Essential message, determine, 334, 342, 349, 356, 552, 557; Writer's views/insights, compare, 536, 543; Philosophical argument, analyze, 626, 633, 784, 793; Political assumptions, analyze, 98, 108, 982, 998; Relate to own experience, 1424, 1428, 1439

R.9.11.5 Draw inferences from a complete selection (including conclusions, generalizations, and predictions) and support them with text evidence

R-L.1. Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including determining where the text leaves things uncertain.

R-IT.1. Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including determining where the text leaves things uncertain.

PH Lit: Inference, draw, 270, 275, 277, 279, 285, 1346, 1355



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Summary and Generalization

R.9.11.6 Summarize and paraphrase complex structures in informational and literary texts, including relationships among concepts and details

R-L.2. Analyze how multiple themes or central ideas in a text interact, build on, and, in some cases, conflict with one another.

R-L.5. Analyze how an author’s choices concerning how to structure a text (e.g., electing at what point to begin or end a story) shape the meaning of the text.

R-IT.2. Analyze how multiple ideas in a text interact, build on, and, in some cases, conflict with one another.

R-IT.3. Analyze in detail an author’s ideas by describing how the ideas are developed and refined by specific sentences, paragraphs, and larger portions of a text.

R-IT.5. Analyze how an author’s choices concerning how to structure a text (e.g., how reasons, evidence, and information are organized and emphasized) shape the meaning of the text.

PH Lit: Informational Texts, 128–133, 178–186, 242–254, 392–397, 492–504, 558–562, 614–623, 764–770, 938–943, 1000–1007, 1250–1255, 1392–1400, 1442–1447–943; also see: Paraphrase to determine meaning, 74, 76, 79, 778, 781, 783, 1376, 1381; Summarize, 168, 176, 256, 258, 264, 268, 1026, 1030, 1038

Analysis and Evaluation

R.9.11.7 Compare and contrast aspects of texts, including themes, conflicts, and allusions, both within and across texts

R-L.2. Analyze how multiple themes or central ideas in a text interact, build on, and, in some cases, conflict with one another.

R-IT.2. Analyze how multiple ideas in a text interact, build on, and, in some cases, conflict with one another.

PH Lit: Contemporary Commentary, 15–16, 223–224, 475–476, 703–704, 979–980, 1291–1292; Comparing Literary Works, 18, 29, 46, 55, 98, 108, 110, 120, 139, 152, 157, 165, 256, 268, 323, 333, 364, 372, 406, 420, 530, 535, 536, 543, 587, 593, 718, 726, 866, 871, 901, 908, 913, 919, 922, 927, 982, 998, 1062, 1068, 1102, 1113, 1239, 1346, 1355, 1408, 1421, 1424, 1439



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R.9.11.8 Analyze point of view and its influence on elements of the text (e.g., tone, theme, and purpose)

PH Lit: Point of view, 478, 481, 488, 490, 640, 650, 662, 797, 1424, 1439, 1450

R.9.11.9 Challenge or defend author’s use of fallacies

PH Lit: Logical fallacies, 197, 953

R.9.11.10 Analyze and defend a position using concepts gained from reading

R-IT.8. Evaluate the reasoning and rhetoric that support an argument or explanation, including assessing the relevance and sufficiency of evidence and identifying false statements or fallacious reasoning.

R-IT.9. Synthesize explanations and arguments from diverse sources to provide a coherent account of events or ideas, including resolving conflicting information.

PH Lit: Discussion, small group: Essential Questions, 14, 474, 978, 1290; Extend Your Learning, 224, 361, 476, 897, 1185, 1292

R.9.11.11 Analyze and compare the author’s use of figures of speech and sound devices

R-L.4. Analyze in detail the condensed language of poems (or particularly rich language use in a narrative or drama), determining how specific word choices and multiple meanings shape the impact and tone.

PH Lit: Metaphor, 80, 83, 372, 376, 380, 385, 390, 403, 1040, 1045, 1050, 1055; Figurative language, 364, 369, 403, 449; Sound devices, 403, 1056, 1061; Simile, 784, 793, 1050, 1055; Imagery, 792, 1364, 1367, 1369; also see: Comparing Literary Works: Images, 718, 726, Personification, 866, 871, Imagery, 922, 927

R.9.11.12 Examine the way in which clarity of meaning is affected by the patterns of organization, repetition of the main ideas, organization of language, and word choice in the text

PH Lit: Essential message, determine, 334, 342, 349, 356, 552, 557; Word choice, 425, 438, 448, 798; Organizational patterns, analyze, 1094, 1098, 1101; Main idea and supporting details, 1102, 1110, 1113



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R.9.11.13 Analyze authors’ use archetypes (universal modes or patterns) drawn from myth and tradition in literature, film, political speeches, and religious writings

PH Lit: Archetype, 18, 84, 92; Archetype of the quest, 846, 850, 853, 854, 857; also see: Comparing Literary Works: Multiple Themes, 901, 908, Poetry of Cultural Identity, 913, 919, Social Commentary, 1346, 1355, Themes, 1408, 1421

R-L.3. Analyze the impact of the author’s choices regarding how to develop and relate elements of a story or drama (e.g., where a story is set, how the action is ordered, how the characters are introduced and developed).

PH Lit: Writing Lessons: Response to literature, 154, 910, 1078, Character study, 357, Critical essay, 491, 807, 887, Essay in response to criticism, 515, Essay About Historical Context, 763; Character types essay, 593, Character analysis, 715, Approaches to literary criticism, 777, 1069, Critical review, 831, 1322, Poetry essay, 871, 1055, Essay of interpretation, 1025

R-L.9. Analyze how an author draws on and transforms fictional source material in a specific work (e.g., how Shakespeare draws on a story from Ovid or how a later author draws on a play by Shakespeare).

PH Lit: World Literature Connection: Tenth Muse (Women Poets), 78, Socrates, 142, African Proverbs, 151, Faust Legend, 235, Mt. Olympus, 382, Dramatic Monologue: Robert Browning, 646, Hero's Quest, 851, Ars Poetica, 1368

R-L.10. In grade 11, read literature independently, proficiently, and fluently in the grades 11–CCR text complexity band; read texts at the high end of the range with scaffolding as needed. In grade 12, read literature independently, proficiently, and fluently in the grades 11–CCR text complexity band; read “stretch” texts in the Beyond CCR text complexity band with scaffolding as needed.

PH Lit: Independent Reading, 213, 433, 617, 781, 1037, 1255



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R-IT.4. Interpret how an author uses and refines the meaning of a key term or terms over the course of a text (e.g., how Madison defines faction in Federalist No. 10 and No. 51).

PH Lit: Signal words, recognize, 46, 49, 54, 55; Essential message, determine, 334, 342, 349, 356, 552, 557; Writer's views/insights, compare, 536, 543; Philosophical argument, analyze, 626, 633, 784, 793

R-IT.6. Analyze how various authors express different points of view on similar events or issues, assessing the authors’ assumptions, use of evidence, and reasoning, including analyzing seminal U.S. documents (e.g., The Federalist, landmark U.S. Supreme Court majority opinions and dissents).

PH Lit: Contemporary Commentary, 15–16, 223–224, 475–476, 703–704, 979–980, 1291–1292; also see: Comparing Literary Works: Political Assumptions, 98, 108, Writer's Views/Insights, 536, 543, Humor Past and Present, 587, 593, Poetry of Cultural Identity, 913, 919, Political Drama Past and Present, 1239, Social Commentary, 1346, 1355

R-IT.7. Synthesize and apply multiple sources of information presented in different formats in order to address a question or solve a problem, including resolving conflicting information.

PH Lit: Research and Technology, 201, 222, 453, 681, 702, 957, 1269, 1290, 1363, 1461

R-IT.10. In grade 11, read informational text independently, proficiently, and fluently in the grades 11–CCR text complexity band; read texts at the high end of the range with scaffolding as needed. In grade 12, read informational text independently, proficiently, and fluently in the grades 11–CCR text complexity band; read “stretch” texts in the Beyond CCR text complexity band with scaffolding as needed.

PH Lit: Independent Reading, 213, 433, 617, 781, 1037, 1255



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Strand: Reading

Standard 10: Variety of Text

Students shall read, examine, and respond to a wide range of texts.


Grade 11

Practical Texts

R.10.11.1 Read across the curriculum a variety of such practical texts as advertisements, warranties, manuals, job and career descriptions, applications, college catalogs and financial documents

PH Lit: Informational Texts: , consumer documents, 128–133, 392–397, letters/floor plan, 178–187, commission/field report, 242–255, public/government documents, 558–563, digital reference tools, 938–943, workplace documents, 1442–1447–1213

R.10.11.2 Evaluate clarity and accuracy of information in practical texts

PH Lit: Informational Texts: , analyze text features, 128–133, consumer documents, 392–397, online source, evaluate validity and credibility, 938–943, symbols, evaluate persuasive use of, 1000–1007–985

Poetry

R.10.11.3 Read a variety of poetry, including free verse


PH Lit: Focus on Literary Forms: Poetry, 402–403; Lyric poem, 402, 1334, 1340, 1344; Blog entry about poetry, 421; Epic poetry, 424; Rhyme scheme, 634, 638, 639; Narrative poem, 640, 648; Poet's introduction, 783; Analytical essay, poetry, 871, 1055; Poetry of Cultural Identity, 913, 919; Sound devices, 1056, 1061



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R.10.11.4 Analyze an author’s use of poetic conventions and structures including line, stanza, imagery, rhythm, rhyme, and sound devices


PH Lit: Repetition, 97, 98, 108, 425, 1062, 1068; Heroic couplets, 122, 127; Meter, 256, 260, 263, 267, 268, 402, 872; Comparison-and-contrast essay, poetry, 268, 794, 927, 1345; Assonance, Consonance, Alliteration, 403, 1056, 1061; Comparing Literary Works: Refrains of Songs, 530, 535; Repetition / Rhyme scheme, 634, 638, 639; Narrative poem, 640, 648; Analytical essay, poetry, 871, 1055; Sound devices, 1056, 1061; Parallelism, 1062, 1068

R.10.11.5 Analyze and compare characteristics of free verse

PH Lit: Free verse, 424, 438, 1356, 1360

R.10.11.6 Analyze traditional and contemporary works of poets from many cultures

PH Lit: Focus on Literary Forms: Poetry, 402–403; Lyric poem, 402, 1334, 1340, 1344; Blog entry about poetry, 421; Epic poetry, 424; Rhyme scheme, 634, 638, 639; Narrative poem, 640, 648; Poet's introduction, 783; Analytical essay, poetry, 871, 1055; Poetry of Cultural Identity, 913, 919; Sound devices, 1056, 1061

R.10.11.7 Analyze the author’s possible use of persona

PH Lit: For related material see: Poet's introduction, 783; Poetry of Cultural Identity, 913, 919



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R.10.11.8 Analyze techniques poets use to evoke emotion in a reader


PH Lit: Heroic couplets, 122, 127; Meter, 256, 260, 263, 267, 268, 402, 872; Comparison-and-contrast essay, poetry, 268, 794, 927, 1345; Assonance, Consonance, Alliteration, 403, 1056, 1061; Comparing Literary Works: Refrains of Songs, 530, 535; Repetition / Rhyme scheme, 634, 638, 639; Narrative poem, 640, 648; Analytical essay, poetry, 871, 1055; Sound devices, 1056, 1061; Parallelism, 1062, 1068

R.10.11.9 Analyze word choice, tone, and voice


PH Lit: Repetition, 97, 98, 108, 425, 1062, 1068; Heroic couplets, 122, 127; Meter, 256, 260, 263, 267, 268, 402, 872; Comparison-and-contrast essay, poetry, 268, 794, 927, 1345; Assonance, Consonance, Alliteration, 403, 1056, 1061; Comparing Literary Works: Refrains of Songs, 530, 535; Repetition / Rhyme scheme, 634, 638, 639; Narrative poem, 640, 648; Analytical essay, poetry, 871, 1055; Sound devices, 1056, 1061; Parallelism, 1062, 1068

R.10.11.10 Paraphrase and interpret to find the meaning of selected poems, emphasizing the complete selection

PH Lit: Paraphrase to determine meaning, 74, 76, 79, 778, 781, 783, 1376, 1381



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Drama

R.10.11.11 Read a variety of dramatic selections, including modern drama

R-L.7. Compare and contrast multiple interpretations of a drama or story (e.g., recorded or live productions), distinguishing how each version interprets the source text. (This includes at least one play by Shakespeare as well as one play by an American dramatist.)

PH Lit: Focus on Literary Forms: Drama, 1116–1117; “The Crucible”, 1120–1234; Comparing Literary Works: Political Drama Past and Present, 1239–1249; Informational Texts: newspaper articles (theater/film review, feature article), 1250–1255; also see: World Literature Connection: Dramatic Monologue: Robert Browning, 646, Bertolt Brecht, 1171, Maxim Gorky, 1137, Federico García Lorca, 1199, Wole Soyinka, 1223

R.10.11.12 Compare drama to stage, film, or television adaptations


PH Lit: Informational Texts: newspaper articles (theater/film review, feature article), 1250–1255

R.10.11.13 Describe the dramatic conventions or devices used by playwrights to present ideas

PH Lit: Dramatic exposition, 1123, 1127, 1129, 1138, 1146, 1147, 1151, 1158; Biblical allusion & Conflict, internal/external, drama, 1160, 1162, 1164, 1167, 1173, 1182; Characterization and Irony, drama, 1186, 1188, 1189, 1191, 1200, 1201, 1206, 1214



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R.10.11.14 Analyze an author’s use of dramatic conventions

PH Lit: Dramatic exposition, 1123, 1127, 1129, 1138, 1146, 1147, 1151, 1158; Biblical allusion & Conflict, internal/external, drama, 1160, 1162, 1164, 1167, 1173, 1182; Characterization and Irony, drama, 1186, 1188, 1189, 1191, 1200, 1201, 1206, 1214

R.10.11.15 Compare and contrast the effects of dramatic elements of plays from various cultures


PH Lit: Comparing Literary Works: Political Drama Past and Present, 1239–1249; Informational Texts: newspaper articles (theater/film review, feature article), 1250–1255; also see: World Literature Connection: Dramatic Monologue: Robert Browning, 646, Bertolt Brecht, 1171, Maxim Gorky, 1137, Federico García Lorca, 1199, Wole Soyinka, 1223

R.10.11.16 Recognize and examine the elements of modern drama

PH Lit: Focus on Literary Forms: Drama, 1116–1117; “The Crucible”, 1120–1234; Comparing Literary Works: Political Drama Past and Present, 1239–1249

R.10.11.17 Compare and contrast the hero of a modern drama to the tragic hero

PH Lit: Tragic hero, 1116, 1216, 1234



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Literary and Content Prose

R.10.11.18 Reads a variety of literary and content prose

PH Lit: Comparing Literary Works, 18, 29, 46, 55, 98, 108, 110, 120, 139, 152, 157, 165, 256, 268, 323, 333, 364, 372, 406, 420, 530, 535, 536, 543, 587, 593, 718, 726, 866, 871, 901, 908, 913, 919, 922, 927, 982, 998, 1062, 1068, 1102, 1113, 1239, 1346, 1355, 1408, 1421, 1424, 1439; Informational Texts, 128–133, 178–186, 242–254, 392–397, 492–504, 558–562, 614–623, 764–770, 938–943, 1000–1007, 1250–1255, 1392–1400, 1442–1447–1213

R.10.11.19 Analyze the influence of historical context on the form, style, and point of view of a written work

PH Lit: Essential Questions of the Literary Period: What is the relationship between place and literature?, 6, 214, 470, 694, 976, 1285; What makes American literature American?, 9, 219, 472, 699, 974, 1287; How does literature shape or reflect society?, 11, 216, 466, 696, 970, 1282; also see: Philosophical assumptions, analyze, 40, 43, 45, 376, 381, 386, 390, 614, 615, 619, 620, 624; Writer's perspective, analyze, 178, 179, 181, 184, 186, 187, 682; Historical period, evaluate influences of, 226, 229, 231, 237, 240, 634, 639, 1216, 1218, 1234; Essential message, determine, 334, 342, 349, 356, 552, 557; Writer's views/insights, compare, 536, 543; Philosophical argument, analyze, 626, 633, 784, 793; Political assumptions, analyze, 98, 108, 982, 998; Relate to own experience, 1424, 1428, 1439



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R.10.11.20 Describe literary contributions of various cultures

PH Lit: The selections in Prentice Hall Literature represent the widest possible range of cultures, literary approaches, genres, and time periods in order to reflect the complexity of human experience. Some of the authors in the grade 9 text include: Authors: Julia Alvarez, 1291, 1294, 1297, 1298, 1451; Elizabeth Bishop, 1071, 1072, 1075; Arna Bontemps, 920, 924; Chief Joseph, 616, 622; Kate Chopin, 627, 628; Stephen Crane, 507, 508; Frederick Douglas, 519, 521; Martín Espada, 1347, 1348; Maxim Gorky, 1137; Ernest Hemingway, 799, 800; Bernard Malamud, 1027, 1028; Herman Melville, 335, 337; Samir S.Patel, 559; Jarrell Randall, 996, 997; Phillis Wheatley, 123, 125; Amy Tan, 1409, 1410

R.10.11.21 Use literary terms to critique a work




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R.10.11.22 Analyze the impact of diction, imagery, style, and figurative language on tone, mood, and theme using literary terminology



R.10.11.23 Analyze the prominence of a literary elements in a work

PH Lit: Symbol, 40, 44, 45, 270, 283, 285, 334, 343, 345, 347, 349, 351, 353, 354, 356, 797, 1080, 1083, 1084, 1091; Syntax, 74, 79, 448, 778, 798; Allusion, 98, 101, 108, 706, 709, 714; Metaphor, 80, 83, 372, 376, 380, 385, 390, 403, 1040, 1045, 1050, 1055; Flashback, 190, 832, 838, 844, 1296, 1308, 1449; Figurative language, 364, 369, 449; Imagery, 372, 676, 784, 792, 793, 1364, 1367, 1369; Alliteration, 403, 1056, 1061; Diction, 425, 429, 430, 438, 448, 536, 539, 543, 1070, 1077, 1376, 1381; Point of view, 478, 481, 488, 490, 650, 662, 797, 1424, 1439, 1450; Biased accounts, 516, 517; Hyperbole, 569, 582, 587, 593, 858; Rhyme scheme, 634, 638, 639; Simile, 784, 793, 1050, 1055; Imagery, 792, 1364, 1367, 1369; Personification, 866, 871; Sound devices, 1056, 1061; Repetition / Parallelism, 1062, 1068



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Pages and Resources

R.10.11.24 Analyze the impact of irony on a text

R-L.6. Analyze an author’s use of satire, sarcasm, irony, understatement, or other means that requires a reader to understand various layers of meaning in a text.

PH Lit: Irony, 449, 594, 604, 609, 611, 626, 633, 1186, 1200, 1207, 1212, 1214

R.10.11.25 Analyze several of an author’s works that deal with a single issue

PH Lit: For related content see: Essential Questions of the Literary Period, 14, 222, 474, 702, 978, 1290; Contemporary Commentary, 15–16, 223–224, 475–476, 703–704, 979–980, 1291–1292

R.10.11.26 Evaluate the credibility of an author’s argument or defense

PH Lit: Persuasive techniques, 97, 110, 113, 120, 196, 448; Propaganda, 197, 953; Rhetorical devices, 98, 102, 108, 449, 1070, 1077, 1102; also see: Informational Texts: philosophical assumptions, analyze, 614–623, fact and opinion, distinguish between, 1250–1255

Strand: Reading

Standard 11: Vocabulary, Word Study, and Fluency

Students shall acquire and apply skills in vocabulary development and word analysis to be able to read fluently.


Grade 11

Word Study and Vocabulary

R.11.11.1 Recognize and apply specialized vocabulary

PH Lit: Vocabulary Workshop: Political Science, History Terms, 450, Mythology, Words from, 678, Religious Traditions, Words from, 678, Scientific, Medical, Mathematical Terms, 954



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R.11.11.2 Analyze roots and word parts to draw inferences about meaning

PH Lit: Roots, 30, 109, 121, 177, 254, 286, 319, 391, 421, 450, 491, 515, 529, 612, 649, 754, 777, 794, 887, 909, 954, 1025, 1039, 1114, 1159, 1215, 1322, 1391, 1422, 1440; Prefixes, 93, 109, 241, 357, 373, 450, 583, 715, 763, 831, 954, 1078, 1092, 1361; Suffixes, 121, 153, 450, 954, 1183

R.11.11.3 Use reference materials including glossary, dictionary, thesaurus, and available technology to determine precise meaning and uses of words

L.4.b. Verify the preliminary determination of a word’s meaning (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or looking up the word in a dictionary).

PH Lit: Vocabulary Workshop: Dictionary, Thesaurus, 198

R.11.11.4 Analyze the connotative power of words

PH Lit: Connotation, Denotation, 909, 1050–767

L.4. Determine word meanings (based on grades 11–12 reading).

PH Lit: Vocabulary Development, 30, 93, 109, 121, 153, 177, 241, 254, 286, 319, 357, 373, 391, 421, 450, 491, 515, 529, 583, 612, 649, 715, 754, 763, 777, 794, 831, 887, 909, 954, 1025, 1039, 1078, 1092, 1114, 1159, 1183, 1215, 1322, 1361, 1391, 1422, 1440



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L.4.a. Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown or multiple-meaning words through the use of one or more strategies, such as using semantic clues (e.g., sentence, paragraph, and whole-text context; the organizational pattern of the text); using syntactic clues (e.g., the word’s position or function in the sentence); analyzing the word’s sounds, spelling, and meaningful parts; understanding the word’s etymology; and consulting reference materials, both print and digital.

PH Lit: Multiple-meaning words, 439, 663, 1069, 1345

L.4.c. Interpret various figures of speech (e.g., satire, sarcasm) and analyze their role in a text.

PH Lit: Satire, 772, 776, 1382, 1390

L.5. Understand word relationships.

PH Lit: Use context clues (reading strategy), 84, 90, 92, 1442; Vocabulary in Context: SAT Reading Comprehension, 205, 457; SAT Critical Reading, 685, 961, 1273, 1465

L.5.a. Trace the network of uses and meanings different words have and the interrelationships among those meanings and uses.

PH Lit: Vocabulary Workshop: Dictionary, Thesaurus, 198, Political Science, History Terms, 450, Mythology, Words from, 678, Religious Traditions, Words from, 678, Scientific, Medical, Mathematical Terms, 954, Idioms, Idiomatic Expressions, 1266; also see: Developing American English: Our Native American Heritage, 9, Truth About O.K., 221, Mark Twain and the American Language, 471, Sliding With Slang, 701, Brave New Words, 1287



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L.6. Use grade-appropriate general academic vocabulary and English language arts–specific words and phrases taught directly and gained through reading and responding to texts.

PH Lit: Vocabulary Development, 30, 93, 109, 121, 153, 177, 241, 254, 286, 319, 357, 373, 391, 421, 450, 491, 515, 529, 583, 612, 649, 715, 754, 763, 777, 794, 831, 887, 909, 954, 1025, 1039, 1078, 1092, 1114, 1159, 1183, 1215, 1322, 1361, 1391, 1422, 1440

Strand: Inquiring/Researching

Standard 12: Research/Inquiry Process

Students shall engage in inquiry and research to address questions, to make judgments about credibility, and to communicate findings in ways that suit the purpose and audience.


Grade 11

Accessing Information

IR.12.11.1 Formulate original, open-ended questions to explore, narrow, and select a topic

W.7. Perform short, focused research projects and more sustained research; synthesize multiple authoritative sources on a subject to answer a question or solve a problem.

PH Lit: Research Questions, 67, 680; Sources, research, 121, 763; Writing Workshop: Historical Investigation Report, 664–675; Writing Lesson: Research Paper, 1381; Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript, R21–R23; also see: Research and Technology, 201, 222, 453, 681, 702, 957, 1269, 1290, 1363, 1461

IR.12.11.2 Establish a focus for research and design a research plan to answer a specific question or defend a position

W.7. Perform short, focused research projects and more sustained research; synthesize multiple authoritative sources on a subject to answer a question or solve a problem.

PH Lit: Writing Workshop: Historical Investigation Report, 664–675; Writing Lesson: Research Paper, 1381; Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript, R21–R23; also see: Research and Technology, 201, 222, 453, 681, 702, 957, 1269, 1290, 1363, 1461



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IR.12.11.3 Access multiple sources, using a variety of research tools, with increasing proficiency

W.8. Analyze evidence gathered from multiple authoritative print and digital sources; assess the credibility and accuracy of the information and its usefulness and relevance for the specific task, purpose, and audience; and integrate selected information into the text, following a standard format for citation.

PH Lit: Sources, research, 67, 121, 665, 763; Findings summary, 639; Research, quick preview, 665; References, elaborate with, 831; Timed Writing, 187; Literary Criticism, 1069; Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript, R21–R23; 21st Century Skills, R47–R50; Research and Technology Guide, R51–R52; also see: Informational Texts: digital reference tools, 938–943, oral history transcript/e-mail, 1392–1401

Evaluating Credibility and Identifying Relevant Information

IR.12.11.4 Compare the credibility of authors and reliability of sources

W.8. Analyze evidence gathered from multiple authoritative print and digital sources; assess the credibility and accuracy of the information and its usefulness and relevance for the specific task

PH Lit: Informational Texts: online source, evaluate validity and credibility, 938–943, fact and opinion, distinguish between, 1250–1255; also see: Sources, research, 67, 121, 665, 763; Quotations, 109, 421, 557, 584, 715, 754, 777, 927, 1159; Quotations, consider, 535; Findings summary, 639; Research, quick preview, 665; References, elaborate with, 831

IR.12.11.5 Analyze ways to verify the accuracy and usefulness of information


PH Lit: Informational Texts: online source, evaluate validity and credibility, 938–943, fact and opinion, distinguish between, 1250–1255; also see: Sources, research, 67, 121, 665, 763; Quotations, 109, 421, 557, 584, 715, 754, 777, 927, 1159; Quotations, consider, 535; Findings summary, 639; Research, quick preview, 665; References, elaborate with, 831



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IR.12.11.6 Skim sources to evaluate their usefulness and accuracy



IR.12.11.7 Compile and organize information from a variety of relevant primary and secondary sources



IR.12.11.8 Interpret the meaning and consequences of plagiarism

PH Lit: Writing Workshop: Works Cited, 670, 671; Writing Lesson: Essay About Historical Context, 763; Annotated Bibliography, 558; Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript, R21–R23

Interpreting and Presenting Information

IR.12.11.9 Organize information and use a style manual such as MLA or APA to create




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• Note cards or other note taking forms

PH Lit: Historical Investigation Report: Notes, organize/use, 665, Outline, Sources, 666, Organization method, 667, Source material, integrate, 668

• Formal outline PH Lit: Historical Investigation Report:Outline, 666

• Works cited page or resource sheet


• Thesis statement PH Lit: Historical Investigation Report: Topic, choose/narrow, 665, Thesis, 666

• Parenthetical citations within text

PH Lit: Historical Investigation Report: Source material, integrate, 668, Citations, 670, 671

• Title page or style heading PH Lit: Student Model, 672–674; also see: Writing Workshop: Works Cited, 670, 671; Writing Lesson: Essay About Historical Context, 763; Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript, R21–R23

IR.12.11.10 Summarize, paraphrase, and/or quote relevant information

PH Lit: Historical Investigation Report: Details, gather, 665, Sources, 666, Organization method, 667, Source material, integrate, 668, Plagiarism, avoid, 670



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IR.12.11.11 Create a formal research paper

PH Lit: Writing Workshop: Historical Investigation Report, 664–675; Writing Lesson: Research Paper, 1381; Citing Sources and Preparing Manuscript, R21–R23; also see: Research and Technology, 201, 222, 453, 681, 702, 957, 1269, 1290, 1363, 1461

reference: http://arkedu.state.ar.us/pdf/ELA%20Framework%202003.pdf

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