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A Civil & Structural Engineering Perspective
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OverviewWhy does it matter & Definitions
Elements of Sustainable/ Green Buildings
Rating Systems Sustainability: Civil and Structural Design
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What is Sustainable Design?"Sustainable development is development that meets theneeds of the present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs."
- the United Nations World Commission on Environmentand DevelopmentEnvironmentally sensitive design looks to design in harmony with, and inresponse to the climate. It attempts to use the natural solar and ventilationcharacteristics of the local climate/environment so as to minimize use and
dependency on consumptive non renewable energy sources. In summary:integrate the development within the environment.
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The Major Objectives are:Energy efficient building think use of power to heat, cool and light the building
think embodied energy which is the energy needed toproduce the materials, transport them to the site andinstall them
minimize use of non-renewable materials make buildings durable so that their parts last a long
time to limit replacement costs (both $ andenvironmental)
minimize CO2
and other noxious emissions (Kyoto) minimize the negative impact on the site and
environment including minimizing discharge of solidand liquid.
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Elements of Sustainability
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The need to quantify sustainable
design...Becoming increasingly aware of the need for concernabout the negative impact that buildings have on ourenvironment. The broad question (1987-1999) mightread: What is sustainable design? The more refinedquestion (2000 - ) might ask: How green is it? Whenworking to both create and market sustainable design,it is increasingly important to be able to makedefinitive assessments so that proposals may bequantifiedand compared.
Form part of Maurice Ile Durable (MID) Concept.
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YARDSTICK
Ifwe cant quanitify, we cant compare.
If we dont know how green it is, we cant really sell the idea
convincingly to clients or the public.If we dont know how much environmental saving results, then
we are just producing soft products that may or may not have
any real value. If we dont understand and use sustainable
design with authority, then we really dont know if what wehave produced is correct or will work effectively.
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What are rating systems?
Tools for market transformation
LEED: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (US)
BREEAM: Building Research Establisment Environmental AssessmentMethod (UK)
CASBEE: Comprehensive Assessement for Built Environment Efficiency (Japan)
DGNB: (Germany)
Green Star (Australia)
IGBC/LEED: India Green Building Council (India)
UAE: ESTIDAMA
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5 Broad Areas of Application Sustainable Sites
Energy and Atmosphere
Indoor Environmental Quality
Water Efficiency
Materials and Resources
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Application of Sustainability
Pre-Design On-Site Design Construction O&M
Material Selection
Building ProgramProject Budget
Team Selection
Partnering
Project Schedule
Laws, Codes
& Standards
Research
Site Selection
Site Analysis
& Assessment
Site Development
& Layout
Watershed
Management &
Conservation
Site Material
& Equipment
Environmentally
Conscious
Construction
Preservation of
Features &
Vegetation
Waste Mgmt
IAQ Issues
Source Control
Practices
Passive Solar
Design
Materials &
Specification
Indoor Air
Quality
Maintenance PlansIndoor Quality
Energy Efficiency
Resource Efficiency
Renovation
Housekeeping &
Custodial Practices
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LEED Concept and Intent LEED is the most common standard for sustainable
design worldwide.
Design and construction practices that significantly
reduce or eliminate the negative impact of buildingson the environment.
LEED is a point based system that ranks thesustainability of a buildings design by: Classified (40 49 points) Silver (50 59 points)
Gold ( 60-79 points)
Platinum ratings (80 points)
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Why engineers (and you) should
care Direct Contribution by Discipline with reference to LEED:
MEP 36%
Architect/LA 36%
Civil & Structural 22% Constructor 5%
Undefined 1%
Civil Structural engineers can play an active role in many aspects ofdelivering a sustainable building.
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Renewable Energy: Most common perception of Green Design
http://www.power-technology.com
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Most common Perception of Green Design: Photovoltaic Roof
Systems
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Involvement of Civil & Structural Engineers
Sustainable Site Material Specification
Re-Use of building Structure
Responsible Material Sourcing
Design for Assembly
Construction Waste Management and Minimisation
Support to other disciplines: Acoustic, thermal,
lighting
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Table summarising Credit that can be achieved through involvement of SE
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Sustainable Sites Site Selection: Avoid developing building projects or hardscape on site
which are used a farmland, habitat for endangered species, used as park orwater bodies
Brownfield Redevelopment:Aim to protect greenlands by
developing on previously used land
Reduced Site Disturbance: Conserving existing natural areas
Storm Water Management: Use of Sustainable UrbanDrainage Systems (SUDs); Returning Water to the
ground by using permeable paving,
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Sustainable Sites Examples of SUDs
Permeable Pavement
Use of attenuation tank to return water to the groundin a controlled manner.
Filter Drains or better known as french drains
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A selection of well conceived SUDS
Source controlFilter strips
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Source controlpermeable paving
A selection of well conceived SUDS
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Source controlswales
A selection of well conceived SUDS
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Source controlGreen roofs
A selection of well conceived SUDS
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Site controlbasins
A selection of well conceived SUDS
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Site controlponds
A selection of well conceived SUDS
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A selection of well conceived SUDS
Treatment train
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Sustainable Sites: Examples
green roof
controls site water
offsets urban heat island effect
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Materials and Resources Selection of building materials and product: a number of
parameters including the amount energy required tomanufacture, natural resources consumption duringmanufacture, durability and possibility of harmless
recycling. Over years, concrete has been one the primary
construction material. Cement, the main component ofconcrete, responsible for high greenhouse gas emissions.Therefore minimising cement in a concrete mix has many
potential benefits. Use of cement replacement productssuch fly ash, blast furnace slag and silica fume is quitecommon. Included in Mix Design as per BS 8500, ACI 318.Known to improve the properties of concrete including
workability, reducing bleeding, reduce permeability
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Materials and ResourcesThe aim is to work in accordance with the hierarchy of wastemanagement which are
Reduce design out waste: Use of prefabrication
Re-use look for opportunities to re-use materials on site Recycle look for opportunities for others to use your waste Dispose
Use of recycle aggregates in the production of concrete. Mainly used inutility sector. Normally careful planning at an early stage to know
which waste can recycle. During Construction Phase: Reducing waste and minimising the
impact on local community during construction. Use of prefabrication:therfore minimise construction activity by reducing site activities.
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Re-Use of Building
When Designing building, consideration should be given for future flexibility toavoid premature replacement.
Buildings: Long span with minimum downstand and column spacing matchingplanning grids characteristics of regular use ( 7.5mx7.5m , 9mx9m) which can beused in a variety of configurations through refurbishment works ( not common in
Mauritius but slow happening)
Consideration to be given to improve durability and avoid early need forreplacement.
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Sources of information
WWW. ICE.ORG.ukWWW. IStructE.org
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION