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CLIMATE EQUITYA Perspective
Presented at:
2016 PUAN International Conference
Changing Minds for Climate Change
November 11-14, 2016, Islamabad, Pakistan
By: Izhar Hunzai
Humans are Changing the Climate
3
Warmest Years on Earth
14 out of 15 warmest years occurred in 21st century
WHAT IS CAUSING THIS?
Greenhouse
Gases
Aerosols
Land use
Urbanization
AnthropogenicNatural
Land
Volcano
Solar A
ctivity
Natural
Variability
Ocean
GHGs & Global Warming
The Unprecedented Rise of GHGs
8
Current CO2 Level
Separating Natural and Human Causes
Wolrd’s Cumulative Emissions (1850-2011)
Top Ten Emitters of GHGs
Politics of Denial
Solution?
Connecting the Dots
Common but Diffrenetiated Responses and Respective Capabiities (CBDR-RC)
43
Pakistan’s Vulnerability to Climate Change
These threats may lead Pakistan to major concerns in terms of its:
Water Security Food Security Energy Security National Security -Pakistan is among the top 8- countries most vulnerable to climate change (Global Climate Risk Index-2016)
Think Globally, Act Locally
Community based adaptation, mitigation and green development examples from northern Pakistan
Gilgit-Baltstan and Chitral
GILGIT-BALTISTAN
KYRGYZSTAN
AFGHANISTAN
CHINA
PAKISTAN
INDIAN HELD KASHMIR
TAJIKISTANUZBEKISTAN
Districts: 10Area: 87,250 sq kmCoverage:74,200 Population:1.536 millionNo of Villages:1,121No of households:192,104
CHITRAL
Social Mobilization for Collective Actions
Climate Compatible Irrigation Infrastructure
The First Community-based CDM in the World• Over 400 community-owned clean energy utilities • Innovative financing: community equity (20%), donor contribution (50%), loan (30%) • Registration with UNFCCC as a CDM Project, and carbon income to repay the loan
Community-based Agroforestry in fragile environments (60 million trees in 10 years; 6% of the land area, while natural
forest cover in 3% of the land area)
Green Construction: Women Masons
Green Wood Processing: Women Carpenters
Community Response to Disasters
“Green Oscars” Award from HRH Prince Charles for its work in community based clean energy in 2004
GLOBAL INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT
• Green Climate Fund (GCF)• Adaptation Fund• Global Environmental Facility• Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM)• Reducing Emissions from
Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+)
66
Intended Nationally Determined Contributions
(INDCs)COP 21 (Paris Conference Decision1 CP.21 ) provides
that Parties to Conference come up with INDCs that are based on National needs and Capacities
They should be based on national context, needs and policy priorities
They should spell out policies, actions and tools, quantified goals and time frames, budgets and the technical and financial support they need from global partners
AcknowledgementFor the preparation of this presentation, I have used material available in the public domain. Specifically, I have benefitted from the research material produced by the following organizations, and thank and acknowledge their contribution to the state of the art. UNFCCC IPCC UNDP EU ICIMOD NASA WRI Others