Power point presentation on political philosophers of france

by Harsh kumar arya 9th -a

WHO IS A PHILOSOPHER ?:

• WHO IS A PHILOSOPHER ? Philosophers were men and women who met to discuss society and politics, and solutions to social problems. They spread new ideas, and a majority of them were writers. The French philosophers of the Enlightenment Era didn't play an active role in the events of the revolution, but their ideas inspired the revolutionary movement. The main philosophers were Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot, John Locke and Montesquieu .

•THE MAIN PHILOSOPHERS WHO GAVE A NEW DIRECTION TO THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.

montesquieu

• MONTESQUIEU Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu generally referred to as simply Montesquieu, was a French social commentator and political thinker who lived during the Enlightenment. Montesquieu remained the most important political philosopher of the French Revolution.

• Montesquieu proposed the idea that a monarch should not operate with absolute power, but limits (e.g. a constitution, parliamentary bodies). There should be a separation of powers. Montesquieu's most influential work divided French society into three: legislative (they make the laws), executive (they enforce the law) and judicial (the court system). These should be separate from and dependent upon each other so that the influence of any one power would not be able to exceed that of the other two, either singly or in combination. This was a radical idea because it completely eliminated the three Estates structure of the French Monarchy.

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Jean jacques

• ROUSSEAU Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of 18th-century Romanticism of French expression. His political philosophy influenced the French Revolution. Rousseau was a successful composer of music. He wrote seven operas as well as music in other forms, and he made contributions to music as a theorist.

• • During the period of the French Revolution, Rousseau was the most popular of

the philosophers among members of the Jacobin Club. Rousseau believed in the natural goodness of man, this idea appealed to many people, including some of the people instrumental in the events leading to the French Revolution, such as the oath at the Tennis Court. The concepts of the Social Contract had the greatest influence on revolutionary France, especially ideas on equality and the general will. The Social Contract did not seek to end slavery, although the arguments put forward against absolutist monarchy could also be used in favour of abolishing slavery.

John locke

• JOHN LOCKE : • JOHN LOCKE John Locke widely known as the Father of Classical Liberalism ,

was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers.Locke's theory of the natural rights of man to life, liberty and property gained popularity among masses. He was regarded as the great theorist of modern freedom.

• • Locke's most important work of political philosophy was the Two Treatises on

Government . John Locke argued that : The power of the king (or any government) is derived from the people, who contract to obey their rulers in exchange for law and security. Individuals have a natural right to hold property, and this can never be taken from them without their own consent. If a ruler exceeds the terms of the contract that empowers him or seizes property without consent, the people can resist and depose him.

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