Presented by:

Daniel F. Gemeny, P.E. LEED AP y,Cecilia E. Beckham, P.E.

Conference for Catholic Facility Managers (CCFM) is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of eg ste ed o de t e e ca st tute oArchitects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of completion for non-AIA members are available upon request.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials methods and services will be addressed specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Copyright Materialspy g

This presentation is protected by US and p p yInternational copyright laws. Reproduction,

distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission ofpresentation without written permission of

the speaker is prohibited.

© Rolf Jensen & Associates, Inc. 2010

Learning Objectives

• Participants will be able to:– Determine legally enforceable building and fire g y g

codes and standards that apply to an upcoming project which will allow them to avoid redesign costs and liabilitycosts and liability.

– Identify which recent changes to the nationally referenced building and fire codes and fire protection system standards that are significant to the building and facility types that are within their controlcontrol.

Learning Objectives (continued)

• Participants will be able to:– Determine the codes influence on the costs and

schedules of existing buildings that are being remodeled, upgraded, or expanded.Recognize and evaluate additional code options– Recognize and evaluate additional code options available to building owners and designers when remodeling or upgrading parts of a historical building.

Learning Objectives (continued)

• Participants will be able to:– Determine what type of systems will be best suited yp y

for their project using examples.– Research maintenance and testing requirements

to be able to inspect and ensure properto be able to inspect and ensure proper maintenance is being conducted by Contractors.

– Recognize significant improper fire protection g g p p psystem installation practices in facilities.

Code Changes and Concepts Code Changes and Concepts for New, Existing and , g

Historic Buildings

Code Fundamentals

• What Codes Apply to My Project?– Model Codes (International Code Congress (ICC)

and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA))– Adoption and Amendments

Edition– Edition• Who Enforces the Code Requirements?

Building Departments– Building Departments– Fire Departments– No Public EntityNo Public Entity

Recent Code Changes

2009 International Building Code2009 International Building Code

• Key ChangesKey Changes– Construction

Means of Egress– Means of Egress– High Rise

• Stairs• Stairs• Elevators

ConstructionConstruction

Photo by TraveladventuresWainwright Building, Adler & Sullivan – Photo by Flikr

ConstructionConstruction

• Allowable height is reduced (Table 503)Allowable height is reduced (Table 503)

– By one story in Storage (S), Business (B) i f T IIB d IIIB t tioccupancies of Type IIB and IIIB construction

– By two stories in Mercantile (M) occupancies of Type IIB and IIIB constructionof Type IIB and IIIB construction

International Code Council; Copyright 2009

ConstructionConstruction

• All High-Rise BuildingsAll High Rise Buildings– Increased bond strength for

Sprayed Fire-Resistant Materials (SFRM)Sprayed Fire Resistant Materials (SFRM) (§403.2.4)

HEIGHT OF BUILDING SFRMMIN. BOND STRENGTH

Up to 420 feet (128 m) 430 psf (20.6 kW/m2)

Greater than 420 feet (128 m) 1,000 psf (47.9 kW/m2)

ConstructionConstruction

• Changes applicable to high-riseChanges applicable to high rise structures > 420 ft (128 m)

No reductions in fire resistance– No reductions in fire-resistance rating of the building elements (§403.2.1.1)

– Structural integrity of exit and elevator hoistway enclosures (§403 2 3)(§403.2.3)

http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com; Copyright 2009

Means of EgressMeans of Egress

Photo of Smokeview: Courtesy of RJA

Photo by Richard Bukowski

Photo of Exodus: Courtesy of RJA

Means of EgressE Width C it F t• Egress Width Capacity Factor (Table 1005.1)

Code EditionComponent 2006 

(inch/occupant) 2009 

(inch/occupant) 

S i 0 2 0 3Stairway 0.2 (5.08 mm)  0.3 (7.62 mm)

Other egress  0.15 (3.81 mm)  0.2 (5.08 mm) 

Assumes automatic sprinklersNo change for some non-sprinklered occupancies

Or Sprinklered H or I-2 occupancies

http://www.madcad.com; Photo: Roberto Adrian

Means of EgressMeans of Egress• Example

– 30,000 ft² (2,787 m²) sprinklered office floor– Occupant Load: 300

Component Code Edition 

2006  2009(occupant)  (occupant)

Stairway  220  146 Other egress 226 170Other egress 226 170

Microsoft Clip Art

Means of EgressMeans of Egress

• Areas of Refuge (AOR) Where SprinklersAreas of Refuge (AOR) Where Sprinklers are Installed (§1007.3.3 and §1007.4.2)

Elevators no longer required to have access– Elevators no longer required to have access from AOR or horizontal egress

– Stairways no longer required to contain AORsStairways no longer required to contain AORs

Means of EgressMeans of Egress• Approved luminous egress path markings

h ll b id d i G A B E I M dshall be provided in Groups A, B, E, I, M and R-1 buildings having occupied floors above 75 feet (22 8 m) (§1024 1)75 feet (22.8 m) (§1024.1)

• Egress path markings shall be provided in exit enclosures including:exit enclosures, including:– Vertical exit enclosures– Exit passagewaysp g y

http://www.madcad.com; Photo: Courtesy of Jalite Group

2009 International Fire Code

• Waste Containers 304.3.2

• Sprinkler Protected Overhangs 315 3 1Sprinkler Protected Overhangs 315.3.1

• Trained Crowd Managers 403.3

L kd Pl• Lockdown Plans 404.3.3

• Cooking Equipment 609.8

• Group E Sprinklers 903.2.3

Trained Crowd Managers

• Large assembly, buildings and events with more than 1000 people present.p p p

• Ratio of one manager per 250 people.• The FD can reduce the number of• The FD can reduce the number of

crowd managers required if the building is fully sprinkler protectedis fully sprinkler protected.

• See IFC Section 403.3

Lockdown Plans

• New IFC Section 404.3.1• Threat Management in Churches and g

Schools• Plan Approval by Fire Departmentpp y p

– Initiation– Accountabilityy– Recall– Communication and Coordination

NFPA 13 – Fire Sprinklers• Dry Pipe Sprinkler Air Maintenance Requirements• Sprinkler requirements revised to address ceiling

pockets which are defined under standard andpockets, which are defined under standard and extended coverage upright and pendent sprinkler sections; and their interrelationship

Sprinkler omission– Sprinkler omission– Pocket volumes– QRS sprinklersS i i P i i N M i L d f• Seismic Provisions – New Maximum Loads for CPVC, Copper, and Schedule 5 pipe

NFPA 72 – Fire Alarm

• Notification Tones for Hearing Impaired– Hearing Loss: Mild to Profound– Low Frequency Emitters

• Testing and Maintenance of EquipmentFactory Trained Certified or otherwise Licensed– Factory Trained, Certified, or otherwise Licensed

– FD can request proof of qualifications• Gas Detection (i.e. CO)( )• Mass Notification

Work in Existing Buildings

• Repairs• AdditionsAdditions• Alterations

Ch i U• Changes in Use and Occupancy

Building Additions

• Additions (IBC Section 3403)– New additions must meet current codeNew additions must meet current code

requirements– Does not impact existing building unless p g g

the addition creates a non-compliant or dangerous condition

Building Alterations

• Alterations (IBC Section 3404)• The work must meet current codeThe work must meet current code

requirements• Cannot create a new hazard to existing• Cannot create a new hazard to existing• Exceptions

– Stair pitch– Handrail extensions

Changes in Use and Occupancy

• Changes in Use (IBC Section 3408)• Triggers an upgrade to the current codeTriggers an upgrade to the current code

when the new use or occupancy is more hazardous to lifehazardous to life.– Office (B) to Classroom (E)

Storage (S) to Meeting Space (A)– Storage (S) to Meeting Space (A)• Exceptions in Historic Buildings

Historic Buildings

• Buildings must be listed on the National Register of Historic Places or eligible to be registeredregistered

• IBC Section 3411.9 is very open-ended• Existing Building Code (if adopted)• Existing Building Code (if adopted)

– Report is required• Hazard Evaluation• Document Compliance• Provide alternates when strict compliance is

not possible without impacting the historical character

Historic Buildings

• Fire Safety– Sprinkler retrofitSprinkler retrofit– Means of egress– Stairway enclosureStairway enclosure– One-hour walls– Exit Signs– Exit Signs

• Structural

New Design and Retrofit of Fi Al d Fi S i klFire Alarm and Fire Sprinkler

Different Types of SystemsS t T S i kl• System Types – Sprinkler– Wet: Most common

Dry: Piping filled with air or nitrogen– Dry: Piping filled with air or nitrogen– Pre-action: Used in rooms where

property can be damaged by water. p p y g yFilled with air. Supplemental detection required.D l L titi f t– Deluge: Large quantities of water. Sprinklers are open. No water. Supplemental detection.pp

Fire Alarm• Assembly

– Voice notification > 1000– Sprinkler water-flow or smoke detection

• ResidentialResidential– Local smoke detectors in units– Horns and strobes in corridors or public spaces

S i kl t fl l ll– Sprinkler water-flow or manual pull• Office

– No fire alarm required except sprinkler water-flowq p p

TypesInitiating Detection Devices

Types– Smoke detector-early warning/quicker response– Manual fire alarm box (pull station)Manual fire alarm box (pull station)– Heat detection-one activated replacement

requiredrequired– Beam detection-covers larger area– Water-flow devicesWater flow devices

Notification Appliances

• Types– HornsHorns– Strobes– SpeakersSpeakers– Low Frequency Emitters

Triggers for Retrofit

• Fire sprinkler systems• Recalls• Major building renovations• Pipe deterioration-MIC

Omega Pendent

• Pipe Age• City Ordinance

Poz-Lok

Pipe Corrosion

Triggers for Retrofit

• Fire alarm• Major renovationsj• Change of occupancy/use• Equipment failure/obsolete

l t t 20 lifreplacement parts – 20 years life span

Geographical Differences inGeographical Differences in Design Options

• Fire Sprinklers– Weather exposureWeather exposure– Corrosive environment– Seismic (CA/MO)Seismic (CA/MO)

• Fire AlarmNone– None

Quality ControlFi S i kl• Fire Sprinklers– Sprinkler damage during installation– Sprinkler equipment used for installation– Zoning boundaries– Proper due diligence during sprinkler

renovation

Quality Control

• Fire Sprinklers– Proper use of materialProper use of material– Non-compliant installation– Sign identification large systemsSign identification large systems

Quality Control

• Fire Alarm– Commissioning Systems CorrectlyCommissioning Systems Correctly

• Sequence of Operation – above/below fire floor– Disregard of Proper Application-Beam g p pp

Pockets– Confirmation of Rational Analysis and y

Sequence of Operation

Delivery Method of Design

• Fire Sprinklers/Fire Alarm– Licensed Contractor/OwnerLicensed Contractor/Owner– Architect/Owner

• Obtains Contractor or Engineerg– Registered Engineer/Owner

• System Design and Coordination Responsibilityy g p y• Installation QA/QC

Project Management Support– Large projects

• Coordination– Difficult/Unique design projects

• Code compliant– Historic buildings

• Maintain originality– Multiple inspections throughout

i t ll tiinstallation• Pre-testing of FA• Project Delays• Project Delays

– C of O

Maintenance

• Fire Sprinklers/Fire Alarm– Code requirementsCode requirements

• IBC-NFPA 25-NFPA 72• State requirements• Local requirements

Site Issues• Sufficient Water and Pressure• Sufficient Water and Pressure

– Fire Hydrant Test (PSI & GPM)– Water Storage TankWater Storage Tank– Fire Pump

• Backflow Prevention Device– Dependent on local water company requirement

• Fire Department Connectionp– Dependent on flow requirement– Location requirements

Security Concepts • Balancing the mission of the facility with the risk• Balancing the mission of the facility with the risk

factors • Providing the opportunity of pro-active

hiownership • Crime Prevention Through Environmental

Design (CPTED)Design (CPTED)– Natural access control – Natural surveillance

Territorial reinforcement– Territorial reinforcement – Target hardening

Sec rit Reso rcesSecurity ResourcesWebsites:National Crime Prevention Council www ncpc orgNational Crime Prevention Council - www.ncpc.orgNational Crime Prevention Association - www.ncpc.org/programs/national-crime-prevention-associationInternational CPTED Association - www.CPTED.net (most larger, urban communities have locally based CPTED organizations)ASIS International, Crime Prevention Council - http://www.asisonline.org/councils/CRIM.xmlCrime Stoppers International - www.c-s-i.orgUS Department of Homeland Security - www.dhs.govUS Department of Justice - www.justice.gov

Publications:ASIS Facilities Physical Security Measures Guideline, 2009 Edition, ASIS Commission on Standards and Guidelines by ASIS InternationalNational Strategy for Homeland Security, Homeland Security Council (October 2007)C i P ti f H f W hi b Ch t L Q l CPP™ d P l L R tliffCrime Prevention for House of Worship by Chester L. Quarles, CPP™ and Paula L. RatliffCrime Prevention Through Environmental Design, 2nd Ed, by Timothy D. CroweSecurity Planning and Design: A Guide for Architects and Building Design Professionals, by The American Institute of Architects, Joseph A. Demkin (Editor)

This concludes the American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems ProgramContinuing Education Systems Program