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School – Complex OrganizationDeals with :- Human Resources- Curriculum- Communication- Resources and Finance- Discipline- Record Keeping- Guidance
School is partially autonomous
Types of Organizations in SchoolsIndividuals, Groups, Committees, Teams, Classes –
working together to produce a coordinated organization.
Operates with a mixture of hierarchical and collegial, skewed to collegial.
Continuum from:Autocratic – Paternalistic – Consultative – Democratic/
Collegial (Tell) (Sell) (Involve) (Co-determined)Organization affected by school size and school
ethos/ culture.Causes of negative ethos – lack of communal
relationships, and impact of community
School as Teams within a TeamOrganizing in teams for work distribution,
management control, distribution of duties, information gathering and processing.
Types of Teams: HODs, Grade Supervisors, Grade Teachers, Form Teachers, etc…
Working Together in Teams produces greater output. Members believe they are relevant, appropriate and necessary.
LeadershipMore than ManagementInvolves forward planning, vision, foresight,
school development planning, communication, student needs, general administration.
Curriculum leader, financial and resource manager.
Leadership style very important.Change AgentAll Teachers should be leaders and managers
in their own right.
Strategic and Critical Management Points and Management RolesCurriculum :- Broad and balanced- Careful selection of subjects- Appropriately Timed- Teaching styles- Student assessment- Teacher placement.- Classroom Management- Relevant to Student Needs
Human Resource Management Teachers – Recruitment, Training,
Motivation, Maintaining interest of studentsRight Person influences effective teaching
and learning.Structures must be in place to deal with
existence of vacancies to appointment followed by induction, mentoring and appraising.
CommunicationSharing of information – written, spoken,
electronic.Long, medium and short term.Extensive in all schoolsTwo way process - must be sent, received and
acted upon.Barriers to Communication
Record KeepingAdministrativeTeachers’ RecordsStudents’ RecordsPersonal InformationRegistration Finance and Resources TeachersStudent Achievement – homework/
classwork/ tests/ exams.
Record KeepingStorage – manual/ electronicMust be valid, reliable, confidentiality
maintained.Moving to electronic saves time, more
accurate, allows teachers more time for planning, teaching and assessing.
Management of Resources and FinancesDeployment of Limited ResourcesRestriction – Government, parents
contributionBudgeting – Appropriate distributionContributionsFund Raising – Care, if excessive, detriment
to teaching.Financial Management – Decision making,
management, and accountability.
Co curricular ActivitiesExpensive – sports is expensiveImportant for holistic development.Supply- wide range of activities Proper SupervisionProper PlanningEffects – Increased School Spirit and
Motivation
DisciplineGood Discipline advances learning. Poor discipline crippling to learning.Importance of RulesTypes of RulesEffect of SocietyEvery Staff Member should be a
“disciplinarian” leading by example.Chain of command in dealing with discipline.
GuidanceCareer Guidance – impartional, personalized
and systematic.Helps in selection of subjects and choice of
future careers. Psychological Guidance aids good discipline.
Characteristics of an effective school
Good leadership offering breadth of vision and the ability to motivate others
Appropriate delegation with involvement in policy-making by staff other than the head
Clearly established and purposeful staffing structuresWell-qualified staff with the appropriate blend of
experience and expertiseClear aims and associated objectives applied with care
and consistencyEffective communications and clear systems of record-
keeping and assessmentThe means to identify and develop pupils’ particular
strengths, promoting high expectations by both teachers and pupils.
Characteristics of an effective school
A coherent curriculum which considers pupils’ experience as a whole and demonstrates concern for their development within society
A positive ethos: an orderly yet relaxed working atmosphere
A suitable working environmentSkills of deploying and managing material
resourcesGood relationships with parents, the local
community and sources of external supportThe capacity to manage change, solve problems
and to develop organically
Organizational StructureHaving outlined the processes, conditions,
consideration, roles and issues involved in effective school management, duties and responsibilities can now be easily fitted into the organizational chart which emphasizes the team approach.
The structure is essentially for a large school but can be easily modified for a small school.
It shows horizontal as well as vertical relationships for effective management.