Presented by Scott Blunk - Green Technology...Green Technology - AIA Provider G515 & ICC Preferred...

Presented by Scott Blunk

Associate Director of Building Science at TRC Energy Services

Green Technology - AIA Provider G515 & ICC Preferred Provider 1170

(916) 826-9369

[email protected]

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§ Green Technology is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credits earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members will be e-mailed.

§ This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material or construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product.

§ Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

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Everyone attending today’s workshop will receive a certificate of completion, by e-mail, from Green Technology for 5 hours of continuing education credit.

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§ This 5 hour (5 CEUs) course/seminar will cover what’s new in Title 24 for both residential and non-residential buildings, from high performance walls and attics to lighting and lighting controls.

§ The session will also review challenges that have resulted in implementing the 2013 standards, strategies for addressing them, and solutions to these challenges that may be included in the recent revisions.

§ With each cycle, California's Energy Code is moving closer toward the goal of ZNE for all new construction.

§ Mandates for efficiency in existing buildings are expanding. Retrofits will require code compliance.

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§ Understand where the code emanates and the factors driving its change

§ Understand how to navigate the new California Energy Code including the Standards, Residential Appendices, ACM Manuals, etc.

§ Understand how the new requirements affect design and be able to pinpoint the most poignant code sections for residential and non residential

§ Review Prescriptive and Mandatory measures

§ Know practical solutions to meeting Title 24 requirements

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§ Warren-Alquist Act 1975§ Established the CEC

§ What was happening in 1975§ Watergate (1974)§ 10% inflation§ OPEC – gas shortages§ 55 mph imposed to save gas§ Global recession§ Vietnam War ended

Rosenfeld Curve

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Rosenfeld Curve: Per Capita Electricity Consumption in California and the U.S.

Since 1975

§ Television (proliferation)

§ Computers

§ Gaming systems

§ Air Conditioning (proliferation)

§ ATMs

§ Internet

§ Cell phones

§ Cable TV

Rosenfeld Curve

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Rosenfeld Curve: Per Capita Electricity Consumption in California and the U.S.

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~5,400 kWh

$970 per person

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0 Net Site Energy

0Net

Energy Emission

s

0Net TDV Energy

0Net

Energy Costs

0Net

Source Energy

California Code ZNE Definition

Produce as much energy as the home uses on an annual (net) basis

• Gas vs. Electric?

• Site vs. Source?

• Cost of energy?

• Peak energy reduction?

§TDV = Time Dependent Valuation

§TDV is a meta Time of Use “rate” or “value curve” for the State of California

§The TDV values energy used differently based on the hour of the year to reflect the cost: § To consumers§ To the utility system§ And to society

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§Value of energy by type and time of day

§TDV multipliers vary by:§Energy type (electric vs. gas)§Date and hour§Climate zone§Building type

(e.g. low rise residential)

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§TDV is a flexible tool with values that vary: § By type utility (electricity vs. natural gas vs. propane) § By location – reflecting differences in costs driven by climate

conditions § By type of construction – residential vs. nonresidential

§TDV vs. Site Energy§ Site Energy usage is what shows up on your bill in $, kWh, or

Therms§ TDV is a meant to be the real cost of energy

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§ Greenhouse Gas Emissions§ At 1990 levels by 2020§ 40% below 1990 levels by 2030§ 80% below 1990 levels by 2050

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§ Renewables§ 33% renewables by 2020

§ 2014 Estimates 25% of electricity sales were served by wind, solar, geothermal, biomass and small hydroelectric

§ 50% increase in renewable energy procurement by 2030

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§ Efficiency§ 2x the energy efficiency

savings by 2030§ ~20% reduction

§ Energy efficiency has limited electricity growth to 1% and natural gas to nearly 0%

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§ ZNE by 2020 for all Residential New Construction

CEC is on-track to implement/codify

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Alignment with early adopters’ willingness to pay for ZNE § Builders reported incremental cost to build ZNE about 5-15%

§ But ~2/3 of builders think owners not willing to pay more

§ Owners self-reported willingness to pay:§ Most ZNE-type owners willing to pay 5-10% more for their next home to be ZNE-type§ Most energy efficient owners willing to pay 1-10% more for ZNE-type

§ Appraisers: § Suggest 5-15% more for a ZNE-type home

§ Literature supports increase in sales price:§ CA homes with green label sold for 9% more than unlabeled homes (Kok 2012)§ U.S homes with PV sold for $4/Watt more, or ~$15K more for typical system (LBNL 2015)

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§ ZNE by 2030 for all CommercialNew Construction

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Residential

§ 28% more efficient than the 2013 Standards

Nonresidential

§ 5% more efficient than the 2013 standards

The standards take effect on January 1, 2017

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§ 2016 is the last set of Standards before ZNE requirement for all residential new construction (2019)

§ 2016 code compliant home is “ZNE-ready” § Next round of Standards will not include significant changes to “regulated” loads § The code will instead focus on integrating PV, storage, renewables and reducing plug

loads

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§ 2016 Building Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings (289 pages)

§ 2016 Reference Appendices (503 pages)

§ 2016 Residential Compliance Manual and Documents (475 pages)

§ 2016 Nonresidential Compliance Manual and Documents (729 pages)

§ 2016 Residential Alternative Calculation Method Reference Manual (293 pages)

§ 2016 Nonresidential Alternative Calculation Method Reference Manual (304 pages)

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That’s almost 2,600 pages!

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2016 Building Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings

§ The Standards contain:§ energy efficiency requirements§ water efficiency requirements § indoor air quality requirements

for newly constructed buildings, additions to existing buildings, and alterations to existing buildings

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The Most Useful Table in the Standards§ Table 100.0-A

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§ Establishes performance standards in the form of an “energy budget”§ Prescriptive option§ Performance option

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Prescriptive§ Simple

§ Meet a prescribed minimum efficiency

§ Little design flexibility

§ Easy to use

Performance• More complicated

• Offers considerable design flexibility

• Requires an approved computer software program

• models a proposed building

• determines its allowed energy budget

• calculates its energy use

• and determines compliance


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Mandatory Measures• Both prescriptive or performance compliance paths require mandatory

measures that must always be installed.

• Examples of Mandatory Measures:

• infiltration control

• lighting

• minimum insulation levels

• minimum equipment efficiency


§ Establishes performance standards in the form of an “energy budget”§ Prescriptive option§ Performance option

Performance compliance uses computer modeling software to trade off efficiency measures. For example, to allow more windows, the designer will specify more efficient windows, or to allow more west-facing windows, they will install a more efficient cooling system. Computer performance compliance is typically the most popular compliance method because of the flexibility it provides in the building design.

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§ The Standards are divided into three basic sets. § First, there is a basic set of mandatory requirements that apply to all

buildings. § Second, there is a set of performance standards – the energy budgets –

that vary by climate zone (of which there are 16 in California) and building type; thus the Standards are tailored to local conditions.

§ Finally, the third set constitutes an alternative to the performance standards, which is a set of prescriptive packages that are basically a recipe or a checklist compliance approach.

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2016 Reference Appendices

§ Provides CEC approved default values for items such as § Technical Specifications

§ R-value of plywood§ Fan motor efficiency

§ Etc.

§ Weather / Climate Data§ HERS Verification, Testing, and Documentation

Procedures

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2016 Reference Appendices

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§ 2016 Residential Compliance Manual and Documents

§ 2016 Nonresidential Compliance Manual and Documents

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§ 2016 Residential Compliance Manual and Documents

§ 2016 Nonresidential Compliance Manual and Documents

§ The compliance manuals are intended to help plans examiners, inspectors, owners, designers, builders, and energy consultants comply with and enforce California’s 2016 Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Energy Standards)

§ The manual is written as a reference and an instructional guide and can be helpful for anyone that is directly or indirectly involved in the design and construction of energy-efficient buildings.

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2016 Residential Compliance Manual and Documents

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2016 Nonresidential Compliance Manual and Documents

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2016 Alternative Calculation Method Reference Manual

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§ The Alternative Calculation Method (ACM) Reference Manual explains how the proposed and standard designs are determined.

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§ These documents establish the rules for creating a building model§ Describing how the proposed design

(energy use) is defined§ How the standard design (energy budget)

is established§ Ending with what is reported on the

Certificate of Compliance (CF1R)

§ This document does not specify the minimum capabilities of vendor-supplied software.

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2016 Standards focus on 3 key areas:

§ Updating requirements for low-rise residential buildings to move closer to California’s zero net energy goal

§ Updating nonresidential and high-rise residential requirements to better align with the national ASHRAE 90.1 standards

§ Updating the entirety of the existing Standards to improve clarity and consistency, correct errors, streamline requirements, and make adjustments to provisions in the regulations that were found to have unanticipated impacts

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§ Duct Work

§ Attics

§ Walls

§ Water Heating

§ Lighting

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§ For more on residential and nonresidential code go to Energy Code Ace§ http://energycodeace.com/

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Duct Work

§ Where is the worst place for ductwork?

§ Where is the best place for ductwork?

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Duct Work

§ New ductwork must have a leakage rate of < 5%§ Current standard is 6%

§ Mandatory requirement for all ducts in conditioned space ≥ R-4.2

*Pet doors ≤ 0.3 cfm/ft2 air leakage

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Duct Work

§ Attic ductwork a HUGE emphasis of this code!

§ Fix the attic to fix the ducts§ Placing HVAC equipment and ducts in conditioned space§ Attach attic insulation to the underside of the roof (in addition to the ceiling)§ Installing insulating or heat-rejecting roofing materials§ Sealing and insulating the attic in a manner similar to a conditioned room

§ Ducts in unconditioned space

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above the insulation

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below

above (below) the insulation

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Options:1. Cool attic or High Performance Attic (HPA)

§ No change to thermal envelope§ Vented attic§ Addition of insulation at roof deck

2. Sealed attic or Unvented Attic or (UVA)§ Move thermal envelope

3. In the house or Ducts inConditioned Space (DCS)

§ Relocate ducts and§ air handling unit§ inside the home

4. Go ductless!

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or

OR one of the following (#1 and #3 is 2016 Code)

Basic design (2016 Code):§ Ducts and air handler remain in the attic§ Vented attic as normal§ Add insulation to the roof deck

§ Below deck between rafters (R-13)

OR

§ Above deck rigid foam (R-6) + Radiant Barrier § R-8 duct insulation§ Control duct leakage to maximum 5%

§ Use a cool roof (specifications vary by Climate Zone)

* HPA using R-13 below the deck is the 2016 Code Standard performance baseline for modeling calculations – you learn this stuff from the ACM

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Benefits:§ Reduce attic temperatures (reducing both duct and ceiling losses)§ Incremental change to standard practice§ No change to duct and air handler location

Challenges:§ New attic deck assemblies and construction changes§ Minimal installation experience in production homes

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Basic Design:§ Ducts and air handler remain

in the attic§ Unvented (sealed) Attic§ R-30 or R-38 roof deck

assembly§ Variety of insulation types and

assemblies can be used or combined:§ Spray foam below deck§ Netted / wired batt or blown-in

below deck§ SIPs or half SIPs§ Insulated roof tiles

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Benefits:§ No need to seal ceiling plane (can lighting, sprinklers, etc.)§ Reduced costs - attic vents not required§ Some attic space could be available for use (i.e. storage)

Challenges:§ Sealing the attic-to-deck junction§ Requires sealed combustion equipment§ Moisture control, primarily condensation

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In a plenum (box or scissor truss) Dropped ceiling soffit

Open-Web floor truss in two story homes

Basic Design: 3 Options

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Benefits:§ Incremental changes to vented attic standard practice§ Multiple buildable options

Challenges:§ Early planning and design coordination is critical§ Sealing the soffit-plenum-truss perimeter§ Requires sealed combustion equipment§ Finding space for FAU inside the living space§ Extra framing necessary

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System types:§ Mini-splits§ Hydronic§ Packaged terminal heat pump

Benefits:§ Eliminates duct losses§ Higher system efficiency§ No need for HPA, UVA or DCS efforts

Challenges:§ Modeled benefit is conservative relative to

other measures*

*This will change over time with improved knowledge of benefits.

§ The PV System Credit is available only if:§ The performance approach is used§ The project is in climate zone 1-5, 8-16§ ≥ 2 kWdc for single family§ ≥ 1 kWdc per unit for multifamily

§ The amount of credit will depend upon§ Climate zone§ Conditioned floor area

§ Gives only as much credit as the HPW and HPA

* 4 PV panels are approximately 1 kWdc71

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Walls

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2013 Code: Residential Package A Prescriptive Standard§ Assembly U-Factor of 0.065 in all climate zones§ Typical assemblies

§ R-15 + 4, 2x4 @ 16oc or R-19 + 2, 2x6 @ 16oc

2016 Code: Residential Prescriptive Standard§ Assembly U-Factor of 0.051 in all except Climate Zone 6

and Climate Zone 7§ Variety of assemblies possible:

§ R-21 + 4, 2x6 @ 24oc§ R-19 + 5, 2x6 @ 16oc§ R-15 + 8, 2 x 4 @ 16oc

2016 Code:§ Assembly U-Factor of 0.051 in all climate zones except§ Climate Zone 6 and Climate Zone 7

§ R-19 (between studs) + 5(rigid continuous), 2x6 @ 16oc§ or R-15(high density) + 8, 2 x 4 @ 16oc§ or many other combinations of traditional assemblies

§ Additions: May maintain same wall dimension§ R-15 in 2x4§ R-19 in 2x6

Assembly U-Factor should equal approximately R-25 to accommodate potential loss through thermal bridging

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Wall Framing Options

**Multiple combinations of similar materials will achieve these same U-factors

U-factor FramingStud

SpacingCavity

Insulation Exterior

InsulationCavity Insulation Type

0.050 2x6 24” OC R-19 R-5 (1") Low density fiberglass batt

0.051 2x6 16” OC R-21 R-4 (1") High density batt or BIB

0.049 2x6 16” OC R-19 R-6 (1.25") Low density fiberglass batt

0.050 2x4 16” OC R-15 R-8 (2") High density batt

Double Wall Staggered Stud Wall

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Can use 16” or 24” spacing.

Benefits:§ Can use 2x4 studs for a 6”, 8”,10” (or more) cavity, providing for

increased thickness of insulation§ Reduced thermal bridging, 8” staggered cavity reach 0.041 U-Factor

Not seen for production housing

Structurally Insulated Panels (SIPs)

Insulated Concrete Forms (ICFs)

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Benefits:§ Minimal thermal bridging§ Factory fabricated§ Lower labor costs§ Seismic durability

Delivery costs can be significant

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Water Heating

§ The standard design budget is calculated with reference to a 0.82 EF tankless water heater§ Uses Federal minimum EF of 0.82 § This is an update from the 2013 performance

compliance standards which references a 0.60 EF 50-gallon gas storage heater.

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Water Heating: Prescriptive Requirement

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Water Heating: Isolation Valves

§ Instantaneous water heaters with input ratings ≥ 6.8 kBTU/hr shall have isolation valves on both hot and cold water piping leaving the water heater

§ Hose bibs or other fittings on each valve for flushing the water heater

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Water Heating: Replacement

§ Newly installed piping must meet mandatory measures

§ Existing accessible piping must also be insulated to mandatory measures

*Not whole house ventilation

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§ Reduced in 2016 Code from 2 cfm/ft2

to 1.5 cfm/ft2

§ Attic ventilation reduced to 1 ft2 per 750 cfm of airflow

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Lighting

§ A Note on Terminology – Consistent with Language in Standards§ “Lamp” instead of “Bulb”§ “Luminaire” instead of “Fixture”

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§ Occupancies covered

§ Single family

§ All multifamily

§ Hotel and motel rooms

§ Outdoor lighting controlled from inside the unit

§ Accessory buildings on residential sites

§ Dormitory and senior housing

§ Fire station dwelling accommodations

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Lighting

§ ALL lighting requirements are mandatory measures and NOT part of the energy budget for the building (no tradeoffs)

§ All high-efficacy

§ Relaxed requirements for luminaires (fixtures) type, focus on the lamp (bulb or light source)

§ Recessed luminaires (fixtures) cannot be screw based § All other luminaires (fixtures) can use screw base § Recessed lighting must be “integral” or “pin-based”

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§ Less Complication, More Choice§ More flexibility in luminaire choices§ More uniform requirements§ No more room-by-room§ No more wattage counts

§ All High Efficacy Requirement§ Screw-based LED is allowed (in most cases)

§ Must meet JA8

§ Specific requirements for downlights

§ Simplified Control Requirements

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§ All Permanently Installed Luminaires MUST be High Efficacy§ Screw-based luminaires (and others) allowed with JA8 lamps

§ Qualifying lamps must be certified and marked as either “JA8-2016” or “JA8-2016-E”§ These markings indicate the light source has been tested to provide long life

§ Extra requirements for downlights§ Recessed downlight luminaires with screw based sockets are no longer allowed

under code

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§ All Permanently Installed Luminaires MUST be High Efficacy

§ Screw-based luminaires (and others) allowed with JA8 lamps

§ Qualifying lamps must be certified and marked as either “JA8-2016” or “JA8-2016-E”§ These markings indicate the light source

has been tested to provide long life

§ Extra requirements for downlights

§ Sources Defined as High Efficacy§ Linear Fluorescent§ Pin-based Compact Fluorescent (including GU-24)§ HID (High Pressure Sodium, or Metal Halide)§ Induction

§ All Other Types Must Meet Joint Appendix 8 (JA8) Requirements§ LED Fixtures§ Fixtures with removable LED lamps (screw-based, pin-based, etc.)§ Any other fixture type not listed above

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§ Performance Requirements for High Efficacy Fixtures:

§ Other factors, including power factor, start time, flicker, noise, etc.§ Screw-base lamps must be market “JA8-2016” or “JA8-2016-E”

§ Fully enclosed fixtures must use lamps labelled “JA8-2016-E”

§ Applies to any source not pre-defined as High Efficacy§ Primarily used for LED, but could be used for any source type§ Additional requirements for downlights

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Performance Factor Requirement

Efficacy at least 45 lumens/Watt

Color Rendering (CRI) At least 90 (out of 100)

Color Temperature (CCT)

3000K or less for most sources4000K or less for LED luminaires and GU24 LED lamps

Dimming to 10% or lower

§ Special Requirements for Recessed Downlights

§ Must be high efficacy§ Cannot have screw base sockets§ Must have a JA8-compliant source

§ Options Include:§ Integral LED downlights§ Pin-based downlights with JA8-

compliant sources, such as LED MR16 or similar

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§ Simplified Control Requirements§ Bathrooms, Garages, Laundry Rooms, and Utility Rooms:

§ At least one fixture in each space must be controlled by vacancy sensor

§ Any JA8 luminaire or lamp§ Must be controlled by dimmer or vacancy sensor§ Exceptions: hallways and closets <70 ft2

§ All forward phase cut dimmers used LED light sources shall comply with NEMA SSL 7A (ensures dimming compatibility)

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§Outdoor Lighting§ Must be high efficacy, as discussed above§ Must be controlled by manual ON and OFF switch, and

one of the following:§ Photocell and motion sensor§ Photocell and automatic time switch control§ Astronomical time clock§ Energy management control system (EMCS) with astronomical

time clock function

§Occupancies covered§Single family, all multifamily, hotel and motel

rooms, outdoor lighting controlled from inside the unit, accessory buildings on residential sites

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Electrical boxes > 5 ft above the floor which do not have a luminaire affixed

§ Maximum allowed = number of bedrooms

§ Must be controlled by a dimmer, vacancy sensor or fan speed control

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Lighting – Outdoor - Multifamily

§ Low-rise multifamily residential buildings must also meet residential requirements

§ Multifamily car ports and parking lots vary based on number of parking spaces§ With 8 or more spaces must comply with nonresidential standars§ Smaller parking areas may comply with either residential or nonresidential

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§ The Standards are “Mandatory” but Flexible§ Go beyond a “checklist” mentality, focus on user experience§ Where possible, make choices to maximize energy efficiency§ The Standards are a minimum, go further!

§ Be Consistent with Controls§ Use vacancy sensors for all luminaires in bathrooms, not just one§ Consider ultrasonic or dual-technology sensors

§ Good for spaces with internal barriers or obstructions§ Helps alleviate safety concerns

§ Choose Luminaires Carefully§ JA8 helps ensure quality for LED luminaires and lamps§ Even so, consider performance attributes when choosing luminaires

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§ Envelope

§ Mechanical

§ Lighting

§ Elevators, Escalators and Moving Walkways

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Envelope

Mandatory Measures – Section 120.7

§ Metal demising walls U-factor <0.151 (R-13+2)

§ Metal framed walls U-factor <0.151 (R-13+2)

§ No other insulation requirements have changed

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Envelope


§ Roof§ Metal building: U-factor = 0.098 (R-19)§ Wood framed/other: U factor = 0.075 (R-13)

§ Walls§ Metal buildings: U-factor = 0.113 (R-13)§ Metal framed: U-factor = 0.151(R-13 w/R-2)§ Light mass: U-factor = 0.440§ Heavy mass: U-factor = 0.690§ Wood framed/other: U-factor = 0.110 (R-11)§ Spandrel/curtain wall: U-factor = 0.280 (none)§ Wood Demising: U-factor = 0.099 (R-13)§ Metal Demising: U-factor = 0.151(R-13 w/R-2) 106

Envelope


§ Floor§ Raised mass: U-factor = 0.269 (none)§ Other: U factor = 0.071 (R-11)§ Heated slab: CZ 1-15 = R-5; CZ 16 = R-10 or R-10 vertical + R-7

horizontal (see Table 110.8-A)

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Prescriptive Envelope Criteria – Table 140.3-B

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Prescriptive Envelope Criteria – Table 140.3-C High-rise res and Hotel/ Motel Guest Rooms

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Envelope


§ Roof/Ceiling Insulation Placement§ Shall be in direct contact with roof either above or below deck; and§ In nonresidential buildings fixed openings or vent to unconditioned space shall not

be installed and the space between the roof and ceiling shall not be considered at attic for purposes of complying with the ventilation requirements; and

§ Insulation on top of suspended ceiling shall not be used to meet insulation requirements

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Envelope

Prescriptive Roof/ Ceiling Insulation Tradeoff for Aged Solar Reflectance

* Cool roof requirements also apply to roof replacements112

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Process Equipment Highlights

§ New to the 2016 Energy Standards are mandatory energy saving requirements for escalators and elevators.

§ Acceptance testing will be required for controls requirements

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Elevators – Mandatory Measures – 120.6(f)

§ Lighting: <0.6 watts/sf

§ Ventilation: <0.33 watts/cfm (if no space conditioning exists)

§ Auto shut-off: Stopped and unoccupied for >15 min lighting and ventilation shall turn-off automatically until operation resumes

§ Operation: If occupied, and stuck, lighting and ventilation to remain on

§ Acceptance Testing: Lighting and ventilation to me NA7.14

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Escalators and Moving Walkways – Section 120.6(g)

§ Controls: If located in airports, hotels and transportation function areas, when not occupied they must automatically slow to minimum speed per ASME A17-1/CSA B44 (see NR Manual Chapter 10.11.2.1 for these requirements).

§ Acceptance Testing: Must be shown to meet NA7.15 before final occupancy permit.

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Process Equipment Highlights

§ Typically found in 3 modes of operation

§ Function controlled either by pressure sensor, photocell or infrared ray

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Mechanical Equipment Highlights

Mandatory Equipment Efficiencies – Section 110.2-B

§ Water source (cooling mode) à 13.0 EER (was 12.0 EER)

§ Ground source (cooling mode) à§ < 135,000 Btu/h 59˚F entering water: 18.0 EER (was 16.2 EER)§ < 135,000 Btu/h 77˚F entering water: 14.1 EER (was 13.4 EER)

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Mandatory Equipment Efficiencies – Section 110.2-B

§ Water source (heating mode) à§ < 135,000 Btu/h 68˚F entering water: 4.3 COP (was 4.2 COP)§ > 135,000, < 240,000 Btu/h 68˚F entering water: 2.90 COP (new)

§ Ground source (heating mode) à§ < 135,000 Btu/h 50˚F entering water: 3.7 COP (was 3.6 COP)§ < 135,000 Btu/h 32˚F entering water: 3.2 COP (was 3.1 COP)

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Mandatory Equipment Efficiencies – Section 110.2-D (chillers), 110.2-E (PTAC, PTHP)

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Mandatory Measures – Section 110.3(c)7 (new)

§ Isolation valves. Instantaneous water heaters with an input rating greater than 6.8 kBTU/hr (2 kW) shall have isolation valves on both the cold water supply and the hot water pipe leaving the water heater, and hose bibbs or other fittings on each valve for flushing the water heater when the valves are closed.

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Mandatory Equipment Efficiencies – Economizers – Section 120.2 (i)

§ New mandatory requirements for Fault Detection and Diagnostics (FDD) on all economizers installed on new air-cooled packaged DX units with cooling capacity of 54,000 Btu/hr or greater. § Stand alone or integrated FDD accepted

§ Faults shall be reported:§ Reported to an Energy Management Control System or§ Annunciated locally on one or more zone thermostats (sign) or§ Reported to a fault management application which automatically provides

notification of the fault to remote HVAC service provider.

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§ Benefits of Integrated Fault Detection Diagnostics (FFD) on Advanced Rooftop Unit (ARTU)

126Source: Advanced automated fault detection and diagnostics commercialization program: California Energy Commission 2008


HVAC System Controls - Sections 120.2(j)

Mandatory Direct Digital Controls (DDC):

§ DDC shall be applied per Section 120.2(j) of the 2016 Energy Standards, Table A for new construction, additions, and alterations.

§ Control logic must be capable of:§ monitoring several points including fan pressure, pump pressure,

heating and cooling§ have optimum start/stop controls, and § perform automatic information transfer among other

requirements.

* New construction, Additions & Alterations127


Mandatory Optimum Start/Stop Controls 120.2(k):

§ The control algorithm shall:§ be a function of the difference between space temperature and occupied

setpoint, § the outdoor air temperature, and § the amount of time prior to scheduled occupancy

§ Additionally, Mass radiant floor slab systems shall incorporate floor temperature onto the optimum start algorithm.

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DDC Controls for New Construction

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DDC Controls for Additions and Alterations

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DDC Controls for Additions and Alterations

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Mechanical Equipment Highlights -Prescriptive

Prescriptive: 140.4(e) Economizers

§ Economizers to meet code requirements for leakage rates

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HVAC System Controls - Sections 140.4(n)

Prescriptive HVAC Shut-off Sensors for Windows and Doors:

§ Windows or doors left open for more than five minutes§ Sensors will adjust thermostats, resetting the temperature

setpoint to 55°F for mechanical heating and 90°F for mechanical cooling.

§ Exemptions for doors with automatic closers or any space without thermostatic controls

(new, new construction only)

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Commissioning Highlights

A few important clarifications were made to the commissioning requirements in Section 120.8(a):

§ Nonresidential buildings, and nonresidential occupancies within a mixed use hotel/motel and high-rise residential building trigger these requirements. § If nonresidential occupancy < 10,000 square feet then design review (§120.8(d))

and construction documents (§120.8(e)) are the only requirements, § if ≥ 10,000 square feet then all of the requirements apply (§120.8 (b)-(i)) in

addition to the requirements of Title 24 Part 11 (CALGreen)

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A few important clarifications were made to the commissioning requirements in Section 120.8(a):

§ < 10,000 ft2 documents may be signed by an engineer, architect, or contractor of record

§ 10,000 ft2 – 50,000 ft2 qualified in-house engineer, architect, contractor with no other project involvement or a third party

§ > 50,000 ft2 signatory shall be a third party engineer or architect

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Additions to Commissioning

120.8(b) OPR:

§ Building envelope performance expectations have been added as a requirement

120.8(c) BOD:

§ Envelope components added

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Electrical Power Distribution Systems – Section 110.11 Mandatory Requirements

§ Low-voltage transforms dry-type transformers must meet Title 20

§ 600 volts or less, air cooled, does not use oil

§ Exceptions:§ Autotransformer, drive (isolation) transformer, grounding transformer, machine-tool

(control) transformer, nonventilated transformer, rectifier transformer, regulating transformer, sealed transformer; special-impedance transformer, testing transformer,transformer with tap range of 20 percent or more, uninterruptible power supply transformer or welding transformer

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Lighting

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Indoor Lighting Highlights: Prescriptive Calculation Methodology – Section 140.6

§ Complete Building Method: Allowed Lighting Power Densities are reduced by 0.1 or less for half of building types.

§ Area Category Method: Allowed Lighting Power Densities are reduced by 0.2 or less for a third of functional areas in Table 140.6-C.

§ Tailored Method: Lighting Power Density Values updated per Table 140.6-G. Allowances in Table 140.6-D remain unchanged.

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Lighting

§ Power densities

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Indoor Lighting Highlights: Lighting Power Adjustment Factors – Section 140.6

§ The lighting controls shall limit the maximum output or maximum power draw of the controlled lighting to 85% or less of full light output or full power draw; and

§ The means of setting the limit is accessible only to authorized personnel; and.

§ The setting of the limit is verified by the acceptance test required by Section §130.4(a)7;.

§ The construction documents specify which lighting systems shall have their maximum light output or maximum power draw set to no greater than 85% of full light output or full power draw.

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Daylight dimming plus OFF control - §130.1(d)

§ The lighting control system shall turn lights completely OFF when the daylight available in the daylit zone is greater than 150% of the illuminance received from the general lighting system at full power.

§ The lighting equipment must be included in the Skylit Daylit or Primary Sidelit Daylit lighting zones only.

§ This PAF shall not be available for atria or any other areas that operate with a photocell ON/OFF control that does not include intermediate steps.

§ The OFF step must be demonstrated in the acceptance testing.

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Indoor Lighting Highlights

Lighting Control Devices, Systems, Ballasts Luminaries

Mixed use building with residential spaces have new high efficacy lighting requirements

§ 110.9(b)4.F: Occupant Sensing Control types shall be programmed to turn OFF all or part of the lighting no longer than 20 minutes (was 30 minutes) after the space is vacated, except as specified by §130.1(c)8.

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Indoor Lighting Controls – Sections 130.1 & 140.6

§ Mandatory Shut-OFF Controls: Additional exception of 0.1 w/ft2 for egress in any building.

§ Mandatory Multi-level Controls: Enclosed areas >100 ft2 with a general lighting load >0.5 w/ft2 must have multi-level controls § Shown in Table 130.1-A§ Exceptions: classrooms, public restrooms, and areas with one luminaire

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Indoor Lighting Controls – Sections 130.1 & 140.6

§ Mandatory Partial-ON Occupancy Sensor: § For areas requiring occupant sensing controls (offices ≤ 250 ft2, multipurpose

rooms < 1,000 ft2, classrooms, and conference rooms), and Multilevel controls§ The occupant sensing controls shall function as partial-ON (for 50-70% of

controlled power) OR § Vacancy sensor (only manual ON). Where no multi-level controls are required

per Section 130.1(b)§ Automatic full-on occupancy sensor is acceptable.

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148

Lighting – Alterations

§ Lamp replacements or ballast replacements alone are not considered lighting alterations, provided that replacement lamps and/or ballasts are installed and powered without modifying the luminaire.

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Lighting – Entire Luminaire Alterations – Section 141.2I

If the following triggers occur, lighting must come up to 2016 Standards§ For each enclosed space, alterations that consist of either

§ Removing/reinstalling 10% or more of the existing luminaires (if there are more than 2) in a space, or

§ Replacing or adding entire luminaires, or§ Adding, removing, or replacing walls or ceilings along with lighting redesign

(changing the area or space type)

§ Required to comply with 140.6 LPD requirements for new construction and control requirements of Table 141.0-E

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151


When replacing existing luminaries and the alteration is not in conjunction with adding, removing or replacing walls or ceilings, the new luminaries must:

§ Collectively reduce rated power by 50% for office, retail and hotel occupancies, compared to the original luminaires being replaced

§ All other occupancies shall be at least 35% reduction

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153

Lighting – Luminaire Component Modifications –Section 141.2J

Definition: Alterations that replace the ballasts or drivers and the associated lamps in the luminaire, or permanently change the light source or the optical system of the luminaire.

Modifying the components of fewer than 70 existing luminaires on a single floor or within a tenant space within a year, does not trigger code.

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Lighting – Luminaire Component Modifications – Section 141.2J

If there are 70 or more modifications per year on a single floor or tenant space, then the project needs to meet one of the following criteria:

§ Meet lighting power allowance and control requirements of new construction

§ Reduce rated power by § 50% for office, retail and hotel occupancies and § 35% for all other occupancies(Compared to the original luminaires, at full light output, and meet the requirements in Lighting Alterations Sections List.)

In addition, the modification should not prevent or disable multi-level, shut-off, or daylight controls.

155

Lighting – Lighting Wiring Alterations – Section141.0(b)2K

Definition: Alterations that add a circuit feeding luminaires, that replace, modify or relocate wiring between a switch or panelboard and luminaires, or replace lighting control panels, panelboards, or branch circuit wiring.

§ Each enclosed space must be wired to create a minimum of one step between 30-70% of the lighting power or control requirements of the 2016 Energy Standards.

§ For each enclosed space where alterations include 10 or more luminaires that provide general lighting and are located in the primary sidelit daylit or skylitdaylit zone, also meet control requirements of the 2016 Energy Standards.

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Lighting – Outdoor Lighting Zone 0 Added

§ Undeveloped areas of state or national parks

§ No continuous hardscape lighting allowed

§ A single luminaire of 15 Watts or less may be installed at:§ Entrance to a parking area§ Trail head§ Fee payment kiosk§ Outhouse or toilet facility

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Lighting – Hardscape Lighting Power

§ Hardscape allowances Table 140.7-A (reduction in red)

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Lighting – Exceptions for all lighting alterations:

§ Alterations that would cause the disturbance of asbestos.

§ Alterations affecting two or fewer luminaires in an enclosed space.

§ Lighting control acceptance testing (per Section 130.4 of the 2016 Energy Standards) is not required for alterations of a total of 20 or fewer controlled luminaires.

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Lighting

§ For more on lighting go to the California Lighting Technology Center§ http://cltc.ucdavis.edu/

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RESIDENTIAL

162

RESIDENTIAL

163

RESIDENTIAL

164

RESIDENTIAL

165

RESIDENTIAL

166

RESIDENTIAL

167

NONRESIDENTIAL

168

NONRESIDENTIAL

169

NONRESIDENTIAL

170

NONRESIDENTIAL

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HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL

172


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174


175

176

• Refrigerant Charge on Mini-Split Systems• Accurate CF3R Duct Testing Results• Electric Water Heater• SLA Compliance Requirements (HERS) / Building Envelope Sealing• Compliance Requirements for Unpermitted Work• Documentation Requirements for HVAC Sample Group (Untested)• Electrical Resistance Heat • Conditioning Enclosed Patio or Garage• Screw Base Conversion Kits• Insulating existing attic• Replacement Windows• High Efficacy Lighting in Kitchens• Occupancy vs. Vacancy Switch in Bathroom• Recirculation Pump Installation• Whole house fan installation

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Refrigerant Charge for Mini-split and Package systems

2008 Standards

• CF1R

• CF6R

2013 & 2016 Standards

• CF1R

• CF2R (formerly CF6R)

• CF3R (formerly CF4R)

• Refrigerant charge verification required

• Weigh-in method requires HERS verification

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Accurate CF3R Duct Testing Results

How many HVAC contractors own duct testing equipment?

Why is it important?

• Energy Efficiency

• Indoor Air Quality

• Health and Safety

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Owner wants an Electric Water Heater because of Carbon Monoxide concerns.

Coming in 2016

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Specified Leakage Area (2008) Compliance Requirements (HERS)

• Checklist is not an acceptable substitution for testing.

• All homes utilizing the SLA credit shall be tested.

Building Envelope Sealing (2013 & 2016)

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Compliance Requirements for Unpermitted Work

• Efficiency based on manufacture date.

• Duct Testing

• Refrigerant Charge

• CF1R

• CF6R (CF2R)

• CF4R (CF3R)

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Documentation Requirements for HVAC Sample Group (Untested)

• All projects require CF4R (CF3R) regardless of whether they were tested or not.

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Electrical Resistance Heat

• Exception allows electric resistance heat with conditions:

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Electrical Resistance Heat

• Capacity not to exceed 2kW or 7,000 Btu/hr and

• Controlled by a time-limiting device not exceeding 30 minutes.

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Building heating and cooling loads shall be determined using an approved method.

“Like for like” does not require calculation of heating and cooling loads.

150.0 Mandatory Features only applies to new construction.

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Installing a gas fireplace or conditioning (heat or cooling) an enclosed patio or garage.

• Conditioning the space triggers envelope compliance.

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Screw Base Conversion Kits

• Screw base equals low efficacy

• Changed for 2016

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Replacement Windows

2008 Standards

• U-Factor .40

• SHGC .40

2013 Standards (no change for 2016)

• U-Factor .32

• SHGC .25

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Permit required to insulate an existing attic?

• Minimum R-30 except CZ 1and 16 R-38.

• Existing recessed cans

• Combustion air openings

• Existing appliance vents

• Attic ventilation

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High Efficacy Lighting in Kitchens

• 2- 60 watt low efficacy, 120 watts total.

• 5-26 watt fluorescent 130 watts total.

Owner wants to install 5 LED luminaires (60 watts total)

• Fluorescent 26 watts each

• LED 12 watts each

• This has all been redone for 2016

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Occupancy vs. Vacancy Switch

• Residential Occupancy sensor- auto on and auto off.

• Residential Vacancy sensor – manual on and auto off.

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Recirculation Pump Installation (retrofit)

2008 Standards:§ Remote pump OK

§ Recirculation system requires all pipes to be insulated (typically impractical).

2013 & 2016 Standards

§ Both pumps OK

§ Exception allows only exposed pipes to be insulated

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Whole House Fan RetrofitA whole house fan should not be installed if

§ A natural draft or fan assisted gas appliance located inside the combustion appliance zone or attic

§ Exception: provide an interlock device

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Questions?

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