Date post: | 21-Feb-2017 |
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PREVIEW OF
EMT/EMR CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES
POWERPOINT TRAINING PRESENTATION
DESCRIPTION
Reviews of the cardiovascular system, an introduction to the signs and symptoms ofCardiovascular disease, administration of aspirin and a patient's prescribed nitroglycerin, and use of the automated external defibrillator. Meets current US DOT NHTSA EMT training requirements. Presentation is over 120 slides in length. Recommended classroom time is 4 hours and 4 hours lab time.
HEART
ValvesBlood supply to myocardiumMyocardial muscle cellsSpecialized electrical cellsAutonomic system control
Sympathetic – “fight or flight”Parasympathetic
HEART ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
PLASMA
Pale yellow component of the blood that holds blood cells in suspension
Serves as the protein reserve of the bodyMakes up about 55% of blood volume
CARDIAC CYCLE
A complete heartbeat from its generation to the beginning of the next beat, and so includes the diastole, the systole, and the
intervening pauseSystoleDiastole
SYSTOLE
Phase of contraction
in the cardiac cycle
DIASTOLE
The phase of relaxation in which the
heart fill with blood
BLOOD PRESSURE
SystolicPressure in the arteries created when the
left ventricle contracts forcing blood into circulation
DiastolicPressure in the arteries when the left
ventricle is relaxed and is refilling
CARDIAC OUTPUT (CO)
Describes the volume of blood being pumped by the heart, in particular by the left or right ventricle per unit time
Heart rate “X” blood volume ejected/beatInfections are correlated with high CO and heart
failure with low CO
HEART ATTACK
Death of the heart muscle (infarction)1) Blockage2) Infracted area
ANGINA PECTORIS
Severe chest pain due to ischemia of the heart muscle, generally due to obstruction or spasm of the coronary artery
Worsening ("crescendo") angina attacks, sudden-onset angina at rest, and angina lasting more than 15 minutes are symptoms of unstable angina
ANGINA PECTORIS
Normal Artery
Artery Wall
Narrowing of Artery
Plaque
Plaque
Normal Blood Flow
Abnormal Blood Flow
Narrowed Artery
SHORTNESS OF BREATH MAY OCCUR
Does it happen?During activity/exerciseAt restDoe it get worse when lying flat
ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES (ACS) HEART FAILURE
A group of conditions due to decreased blood flow in the coronary arteries such that part of the heart is unable to function
CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
Signs & Symptoms includeLow blood pressure often 80 systolic or lessSlow or fast pulse often sinus tachycardiaEdema in feet or anklesAltered level of consciousnessRestlessness, confusion, comaCool & clammy skinTachypnea
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (CHF)
The inability of the heart to pump blood out as fast as it enters the heart
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
Signs & symptoms (con’t)Distended neck veinsRespiratory cracklesShortness of breathPale, cool, clammy skinAbdominal distensionPetal or lower extremity edema
Photo by James Heilman
PACEMAKER FAILURE
The inability of the pacemaker to function in controlling the beats of the heart
Has multiple causesBattery or lead failureExposure to high voltages or
microwavesUnit malfunction
SINUS RHYTHM
Normal electrical pattern of the heart
VENTICULAR FIBRILLATION
Pulseless electrical activityHappens in 90% of adult cardiac arrests
Normally leading arrhythmia in cardiac arrest
EARLY CPR
CPR started by bystanders shows the best survival rate in cardiac arrest situationsRemember
Brain death starts in 4-6 minutes after the heart stops
The chances of reviving the heart are reduced by 10% for every minute of delay
START CPR
Follow local protocol using the 30 to 2 or continuous compressionsTurn on AED and follow audio prompts on AED
(some AED’s turn on when case is opened)Bare chest Attach AED Pads and plug them into AED
(some AED’s are stored with pads plugged in)
THE SEQUENCERecognize
Cardiac Arrest
Start CPR
Turn on & attach
AED
Listen to AED
Prompts
Push analyze
when told
Push Shock
when told
Listen for Directions
Monitor Patient
Restart CPR for2 minutes
PAD PLUGS
There are about 15-20 different
manufacturer of AED’s each use different plugs Some times you can purchase adapters to go from one brand to another
POST RESUSCIATATION
Monitor ABC’sTransportInitiate ALS interceptLeave AED attached & do NOT turn it offPatient may rearrestPerform focused assessment
LIABILITY
There is little chance of being sued in the U S & Canada due to numerous “Good
Samaritan” Laws and other limits of liability in other statutes
NITROGLYCERIN
Used to dilate blood vessels when patient has chest pains
Comes in many ways Tablet IV solutionSpray PastePatch (continually worn)
Generic names includeNitrostat, Tridill, Nitro-Dur, Nitro-Bid
To purchase this EMT/EMR Scene Size UP presentation go to
www.bravetraining.com
Or tap the above link