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TRADOC DCSINT

Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff

for Intelligence

U.S. ArmyTraining and

DoctrineCommand

TRADOC DCSINTTRADOC DCSINT

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TRADOC DCSINT

FM 7-100

Opposing Force

Doctrinal Framework

and Strategy

OPFOR

FM 7-100 Opposing Force:

Doctrinal Framework and

Strategy

Chapter 6 Adaptive Operations

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Adaptive OperationsAdaptive OperationsAdaptive OperationsAdaptive Operations

Adaptive operations are a strategic-level course of action to preserve the State’s power and apply it in adaptive ways against opponents that overmatch the State.

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Strategic GoalsStrategic Goals

• Conducted when there is intervention Conducted when there is intervention from outside the regionfrom outside the region

• Goals are to- Goals are to- – Preserve combat power Preserve combat power – degrade the enemy’s will & capability to fightdegrade the enemy’s will & capability to fight– Gain time for strategic operations to succeed Gain time for strategic operations to succeed

• Utilizes creative and adaptive use of Utilizes creative and adaptive use of existing technologies and forcesexisting technologies and forces

• Stalemate may equate to victory for the Stalemate may equate to victory for the StateState

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TRADOC DCSINTDiplomatic-Political Means

Diplomatic-Political Means

• Similar to regional & transition operations

• Internal control measures increased

• Continue to seek new alliances and support to expel extraregional force

• Exploit enemy coalition vulnerabilities

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Informational MeansInformational Means

• Information campaign continues efforts Information campaign continues efforts for support of State operationsfor support of State operations

• President is projected as a heroPresident is projected as a hero

• Internal censorship and media control Internal censorship and media control exaggerates gains and downplays lossesexaggerates gains and downplays losses

• Continues attacks on enemy’s intangible Continues attacks on enemy’s intangible components components

• Creates humanitarian crisesCreates humanitarian crises

• Information campaign continues efforts Information campaign continues efforts for support of State operationsfor support of State operations

• President is projected as a heroPresident is projected as a hero

• Internal censorship and media control Internal censorship and media control exaggerates gains and downplays lossesexaggerates gains and downplays losses

• Continues attacks on enemy’s intangible Continues attacks on enemy’s intangible components components

• Creates humanitarian crisesCreates humanitarian crises

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Economic MeansEconomic Means

• State continues to tighten internal State continues to tighten internal controlscontrols

• Private factories are nationalizedPrivate factories are nationalized

• Economic sanctions intensified on Economic sanctions intensified on other nationsother nations

• Looks for new LOCsLooks for new LOCs

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Military MeansMilitary MeansMilitary MeansMilitary Means

• More defensive than regional and More defensive than regional and transition operationstransition operations

• Focuses on – Focuses on – – Preserving forcesPreserving forces– Retaining regional gainsRetaining regional gains– Defending homelandDefending homeland

• Seeks to fight on its termsSeeks to fight on its terms• Employs sanctuary-based operationsEmploys sanctuary-based operations• Utilizes flexible force structureUtilizes flexible force structure• Utilizes forces in adaptive waysUtilizes forces in adaptive ways

• More defensive than regional and More defensive than regional and transition operationstransition operations

• Focuses on – Focuses on – – Preserving forcesPreserving forces– Retaining regional gainsRetaining regional gains– Defending homelandDefending homeland

• Seeks to fight on its termsSeeks to fight on its terms• Employs sanctuary-based operationsEmploys sanctuary-based operations• Utilizes flexible force structureUtilizes flexible force structure• Utilizes forces in adaptive waysUtilizes forces in adaptive ways

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Military MeansMilitary MeansCommand and Control

• Based on branches and sequels of strategic campaign plan

• Centralized planning and decentralized execution more important than other type operations

• Utilizes commercial digital communications

• Hard-wired communications in sanctuaries

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Military MeansMilitary MeansForcesForces

• Internal Security Internal Security ForcesForces– Provide support zone Provide support zone

securitysecurity– Conduct intelligence Conduct intelligence

activitiesactivities– Protect State officialsProtect State officials– Participate in Participate in

defensive operationsdefensive operations– Ensure militia Ensure militia

remains loyalremains loyal

• Internal Security Internal Security ForcesForces– Provide support zone Provide support zone

securitysecurity– Conduct intelligence Conduct intelligence

activitiesactivities– Protect State officialsProtect State officials– Participate in Participate in

defensive operationsdefensive operations– Ensure militia Ensure militia

remains loyalremains loyal

• ArmyArmy– Sanctuaries & defenses Sanctuaries & defenses

preparedprepared– Success dependent on Success dependent on

successful transition successful transition operations & enemy’s operations & enemy’s timelinetimeline

– Operations become Operations become nonlinear & simultaneousnonlinear & simultaneous

– Fighting conducted in Fighting conducted in complex terraincomplex terrain

– Enemy C2 & RISTA are Enemy C2 & RISTA are high payoff targetshigh payoff targets

• ArmyArmy– Sanctuaries & defenses Sanctuaries & defenses

preparedprepared– Success dependent on Success dependent on

successful transition successful transition operations & enemy’s operations & enemy’s timelinetimeline

– Operations become Operations become nonlinear & simultaneousnonlinear & simultaneous

– Fighting conducted in Fighting conducted in complex terraincomplex terrain

– Enemy C2 & RISTA are Enemy C2 & RISTA are high payoff targetshigh payoff targets

                                                             

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Military MeansMilitary MeansForces

• Navy– Continues efforts to limit access by

sea– Operations become more offensive

• Air Force– Loses air superiority from regional

operations– Deep operations against high-

payoff targets only– Air defense protects critical sites– Air defense ambushes in sectors

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Military MeansMilitary MeansForces

• Strategic Forces– Long-range missiles replace air

assets– Willingness to use WMD to offset

technological disadvantages

• Special-Purpose Forces Command– Increase use in enemy’s rear area– Alternate means to deliver WMD– Support terrorist and irregular forces

operations

                                                              

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Strategic OperationsStrategic Operations

• Deny enemy sanctuary• Access-control operations and strategic

attack of enemy LOCs & rear • Conduct or support insurgency

operations in the region• Terrorist/SPF attacks in enemy’s

homeland • Use of weapons of mass destruction

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TRADOC DCSINT

Adaptive OperationsAdaptive OperationsSummary

• Strategic goals• Diplomatic-Political means• Informational means• Economic means• Military means• Strategic operations