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Evaluation, description and importance of potato

• Europe would wait until the 1780's before the potato gained

prominence anywhere. About 1780 the people of Ireland adopted

this rugged food crop.

• The primary reason for its acceptance in Ireland was its ability to

produce abundant, nutrition food .

• Unlike any other major crop, potatoes contain most of the vitamins

needed for sustenance.

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Evaluation, description and importance of potato

• More importantly, potatoes can provide this sustenance to nearly 10

people on an acre of land in Ireland.

• This would be one of the prime factors causing a population

explosion in the early 1800s.

• Of course, by the mid-1800's, the Irish would become so dependent

upon this crop that its failure would provoke a famine.

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Evaluation, description and importance of potato

• There are about five thousand potato varieties worldwide.

• There are about 200 wild species and subspecies, many of which can

be cross-bred with cultivated varieties

• The major species grown worldwide is Solanum tuberosum (a

tetraploid with 48 chromosomes), and modern varieties of this

species are the most widely cultivated.

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Evaluation, description and importance of potato

• There are also four diploid species (with 24 chromosomes): S. stenotomum, S. phureja, S. goniocalyx and S. ajanhuiri.

• There are two triploid species (with 36 chromosomes): S. chaucha and S. juzepczukii.

• There is one pentaploid cultivated species (with 60 chromosomes): S. curtilobum.

• There are two major subspecies of Solanum tuberosum: andigena, or Andean; and tuberosum, or Chilean.

• The International Potato Center, Lima, Peru, holds an ISO-accredited collection of potato germplasm.

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Evaluation, description and importance of potato

• Potato plants are herbaceous perennials that grow about 60 cm (24 in) height, the culms dying back after flowering.

• Potatoes bear white, pink, red, blue, or purple flowers with yellow stamens.

• In general, the tubers of varieties with white flowers have white skins, while those of varieties with colored flowers tend to have pinkish skins.

• Potatoes are cross-pollinated mostly by insects, including bumble bees, but a substantial amount of self-fertilizing occurs as well.

• Tubers form in response to decreasing day length, although this tendency has been minimized in commercial varieties.

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Evaluation, description and importance of potato

•After potato plants flower, some varieties produce small green fruits that resemble green cherry tomatoes, each containing up to 300 true seeds.

• Potato fruit contains large amounts of the toxic alkaloid solanine and is therefore unsuitable for consumption.

•All new potato varieties are grown from seeds, also called "true seed" or "botanical seed" to distinguish it from seed tubers.

•The potato contains vitamins and minerals, as well as an assortment of phytochemicals, such as carotenoids and natural phenols.

•Chlorogenic acid constitutes up to 90% of the potato tuber natural phenols.

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Evaluation, description and importance of potato

• A medium-size 150 g potato with the skin provides 27 mg of vitamin C (45% of the Daily Value (DV)), 620 mg of potassium (18% of DV), 0.2 mg vitamin B6 (10% of DV) and trace amounts of thiamin, riboflavin, folate, niacin, magnesium, phosphorus, iron and zinc.

• The fibre content of a potato with skin (2 g) is equivalent to that of many whole grain breads, pastas and cereals.

• Potato is a highly nutritious food. It provides carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, Vitamin C, a number of B group vitamins and high quality dietary fiber Potatoes yield about 97 K calories per 100 g fresh weight, which is much less than cereals.

• The net protein utilization or biological value of potato protein (about 71% that of whole egg), is better than that of wheat (53%), maize (54%), peas (48%), beans (46%) and is comparable to cow’s milk (75%).

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Evaluation, description and importance of potato

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Nutrients Content

Edible portion 85%

Moisture 74.70 g

Protein 1.60 g

Fat 0.10 g

Minerals 0.60 g

Carbohydrates 22.60 g

Energy 97.00 K cal

Calcium 10.00 g

Phosphorus 40.00 mg

Iron 0.70 mg

Carotene 24.00 mg

Thiamine 0.10 mg

Riboflavin 0.01 mg

Niacin 1.20 mg

Vitamin C 17.0 mg

Nutritive value of potato (per 100 g edible portion)