REVOLUTIONChapter 2
FRENCH & INDIAN WAR
• French putting up forts Ohio Valley
• GB fired first shot
• 1757 – William Pitt, PM
• New young generals
• 1759 -Battle of Quebec
• Costly victory
1763 Pontiac’s Rebellion
Fort Detroit
British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt.
The Aftermath:
Tensions Along the Frontier
British Proclamation Line of 1763
BACKLASH!
THE ROAD…
• 1764 Sugar Act
• 1765 Stamp Act
• Taxation w/out representation
• 1765 Sons of Liberty
• 1767 Townshend Acts
• 1770 Boston Massacre
• 1773 East India Co. monopoly
• Boston Tea Party
• 1774 Intolerable Acts
The Shot Heard ’Round the World!
Lexington & Concord – April 18,1775
SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS
• May 1775
• Most not want Independence
• Washington Commander
• August 1775 King says in rebellion
• Thomas Paine -“Common Sense”
• Declaration of Independence
THE WAR
• Loyalists (Tories) & Patriots
• New York (July 1776)
• Christmas 1776 – Delaware River
• Oct 1777 Saratoga
• FRENCH ALLIANCE
• Valley Forge - Winter Camp
• Terrible conditions
• Yorktown
• Cornwallis surrenders
• NOT the end of the war
VALLEY FORGE (1777-78)
NORTH AMERICA AFTER REVOLUTION
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
• Approved Nov 1777/ratified 1781
• Joined together to meet common goals
• Each was sovereign
• #1 weakness: couldn’t collect taxes
• Shays’ Rebellion – reform of government
• 1787 Philadelphia
• Virginia Plan
• New Jersey Plan
• Great Compromise
THE BATTLE
• Accepted September 8, 1787
• 9 states needed to ratify
• Federalists vs. Antifederalists
• No Bill of Rights vs. Bill of Rights
• Strong central vs. state
• “The Federalist”• Madison/Hamilton/Jay
• New York – important for size/stature
NEW GOVERNMENT
• George Washington
• Hamilton• Strong central gov
• Jefferson• Gov limited in powers
• State greater power
• VP John Adams
• Bill of Rights
• James Madison
• Judiciary Act of 1789
• Federal courts
HAMILTON’S FINANCIAL PROGRAM
• Assumption – fund all debt (102 M)
• Customs Duties
• Excise Taxes
• Whiskey Rebellion (1794)• Tax on corn products
• Ability to enforce law
• National Bank
• Compromise = Washington DC
PROBLEMS
• NW Forts
• Fur trade, Indian buffer
• 1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers• Treaty of Greenville
• Neutrality of ships
• Jay’s Treaty (1794)
• Spain worried about Jay’s treaty
• Pinckney's Treaty• MS River & New Orleans
• Washington’s Farewell address
• Nationalism, neutrality, nonpartisanship
JOHN ADAMS AS PRESIDENT
• France started seize ships• XYZ Affair
• Alien Laws
• Citizenship 14 yrs.
• Deport dangerous
• Sedition Act
• Say anything bad = jail
• KY & VA Resolutions• NULLIFICATION