Principles of the U. S. Principles of the U. S. ConstitutionConstitution

Seven principles found in the Seven principles found in the U. S. Constitution: U. S. Constitution:

separation of separation of powerpower

checks and checks and balancesbalances

popular popular sovereigntysovereignty

republicanismrepublicanism

Limited Limited governmentgovernment

FederalismFederalism Individual rightsIndividual rights

Separation of PowerSeparation of Power

The power of the national government is The power of the national government is divided into three branches.divided into three branches.

Legislative Branch

makes laws

Executive Branch

enforces laws

judicial Branch

interprets laws

Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances

The three branches check or limit The three branches check or limit each other to prevent one branch each other to prevent one branch from becoming too powerful.from becoming too powerful.

Legislative Branch Executive Branch

Judicial Branch

Congress can remove the president

The President can veto laws passed by Congress

Supreme C

ourt can declare a

law passed by C

ongress

unconstitutionalTh

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appo

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Sup

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Congress approves and

removes Suprem

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Supr

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Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty The idea that people hold the final The idea that people hold the final

authority in government.authority in government. people rule people rule

RepublicanismRepublicanism The people elect The people elect representativesrepresentatives and and

give them the responsibility to make give them the responsibility to make laws.laws.

Limited GovernmentLimited Government The U. S. Constitution created a The U. S. Constitution created a

strong national government, but the strong national government, but the power was limited in order to prevent power was limited in order to prevent abuse of power.abuse of power.

By creating limited government, By creating limited government, they made sure the government they made sure the government would have only those powers given would have only those powers given by the people.by the people.

FederalismFederalism Power is shared between a strong Power is shared between a strong

national government and the fifty national government and the fifty states. states.

The powers not delegated (given) to The powers not delegated (given) to the national government are the national government are reserved (given) to the states.reserved (given) to the states.

Federalism

The powers not delegated (given) to the The powers not delegated (given) to the national government are reserved (given) to the national government are reserved (given) to the states.states.

Federalism

Power is divided between state and national governments

Rights that are given to the people in Rights that are given to the people in the Bill of Rights and other the Bill of Rights and other amendments to the Constitution. amendments to the Constitution.

Some of these rights include freedom Some of these rights include freedom of speech, freedom of religion and of speech, freedom of religion and the right to trial by jury.the right to trial by jury.

Individual RightsIndividual Rights

Ratification of theRatification of the U. S. Constitution U. S. Constitution

After four long and difficult months, After four long and difficult months, the delegates at the Constitutional the delegates at the Constitutional Convention produced a new Convention produced a new constitution (U. S. Constitution) in constitution (U. S. Constitution) in 17871787..

The new constitution created a The new constitution created a stronger national governmentstronger national government..

TimelineTimeline

Articles of

Confederation

ConstitutionalConvention

U. S.Constitution

Shays’s Rebellion

What will complete the diagram?

U. S. Constitution

Roots of the Roots of the ConstitutionConstitution

Magna Carta = Magna Carta =

Mayflower Mayflower Compact = Compact =

House of Burgesses House of Burgesses ==

Declaration of Declaration of

Independence = Independence =

Trial by juryTrial by jury

Self governmentSelf government

Representative Representative governmentgovernment

Life, Liberty and the Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of HappinessPursuit of Happiness

These examples of colonial democracy helped pave the way for

the writing of

U. S. Constitution

11stst Constitution Constitution

weakweak national national governmentgovernment

one branchone branch

no U. S. presidentsno U. S. presidents

no federal courtsno federal courts

22ndnd Constitution Constitution

strongstrong national national governmentgovernment

three branchesthree branches

U. S. presidentsU. S. presidents

Supreme CourtSupreme Court

Articles of Confederation

U. S. Constitution

Approving the ConstitutionApproving the Constitution Before the Constitution could go into Before the Constitution could go into

effect, nine states needed to effect, nine states needed to ratifyratify (approve) it.(approve) it.

Americans discussed the arguments Americans discussed the arguments for and against the new constitution.for and against the new constitution.

Supporters of the new U. S. Supporters of the new U. S. Constitution were called Constitution were called FederalistsFederalists

Federalists: George Washington, Federalists: George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay.Alexander Hamilton and John Jay.

James MadisonJames Madison, , Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton and and John JayJohn Jay wrote a series of essays wrote a series of essays called the called the Federalists PapersFederalists Papers to to explain and defend the Constitution.explain and defend the Constitution.

The The Federalists PapersFederalists Papers were used to were used to convince citizens to support convince citizens to support ratification (approval) of the ratification (approval) of the ConstitutionConstitution..

James Madison Alexander Hamilton John Jay

F E D E R A L I S T S

People who opposed (were against) People who opposed (were against) ratificationratification (approval) of the new U. S. (approval) of the new U. S. Constitution were called Constitution were called AntifederalistsAntifederalists ( (Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson and and Patrick Henry).Patrick Henry).

AntifederalistsAntifederalists were against the were against the constitution because it lacked a constitution because it lacked a bill of bill of rightsrights (a list of rights) to protect (a list of rights) to protect individual freedoms.individual freedoms.

The The AntifederalistsAntifederalists believed that the believed that the federal (national) government should federal (national) government should have have limited powerlimited power..

Antifederali

sts

Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

Approved the new Approved the new constitutionconstitution

Strong national Strong national governmentgovernment

Did not approve of Did not approve of the new the new constitution until a constitution until a bill of rightsbill of rights was was addedadded

Limited powerLimited power for for the national the national governmentgovernment

Federalists Antifederalists

Signing the U. S. Signing the U. S. ConstitutionConstitution