Private Pilot Ground School

RegulationsLessons 23 - 24

© Rainier Flight Service, LLC 2012

Part 1 – Definitions and AbbreviationsPart 43 – MaintenancePart 61 – Certification: Pilots and InstructorsPart 91 – General Operating and Flight RulesNTSB 830 – Accident Notification and Reporting

Code of Federal Regulations

GL23 – 14 CFR Part 61

Easter Egg Hunt! Find the following definitions

Night V-Speeds

Vy Vx Va Vs1 Vref

Preventative Maintenance PIC Calibrated Airspeed

Part 1

GL23 – 14 CFR Part 61

Look up Preventative Maintenance Can you change a tire? How about an oil filter? Can you replace seat belts?

Part 43

GL23 – 14 CFR Part 61

Pertaining to Pilot Certification What documents are you required to have with you as a soloing student

pilot? How about for a private pilot?

Find the duration of Medical Certificates

When is a flight review required?

What recent flight experience must you have to act as PIC?

What is the regulation number for a change of address?

What are the privileges and limitations for a private pilot? Can you carry passengers? How much money can you accept from passengers for the cost of the aircraft?

Part 61

GL23 – 14 CFR Part 61

Category – Airplane, Rotorcraft, Glider, Lighter-than-Air, etc.

Class – Single-Engine, Multi-Engine, Land, Water, Helicopter, Balloon, etc.

Type – C172, PA28, A320, B777, etc.

Certificates and Ratings

GL23 – 14 CFR Part 61

High PerformanceMust have a high performance endorsement to act

as PIC in an aircraft with over 200 horsepower.

ComplexMust have a complex endorsement to act as PIC in

an aircraft with constant-speed prop, retractable gear and flaps.

TailwheelMust have a tailwheel endorsement to act as PIC

in an aircraft with conventional landing gear.

Endorsements

GL23 – 14 CFR Part 61

Private pilot must have 100 hours in category and class –or – 200 hours total.

Within preceding 12 months made at least 3 actual or simulated glider tows – or – 3 flights as PIC of a towed glider.

Glider Towing

GL23 – 14 CFR Part 61

Part 91 and 830

GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830

The PIC is directly responsible for and is the final authority as to the operation of that aircraft.

The PIC may deviate from the operating rules to the extent necessary to handle an emergency.

Pilot in Command

GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830

Prior to every flight, the PIC must become familiar with ALL available information concerning that flight, including:

Runway Lengths Takeoff and Landing Distance

If the flight will not be in the vicinity of the departure airport, you must also check the following:

Weather Reports and Forecasts Fuel Requirements (30 min day, 45 min night) Alternate plans if flight cannot be completed

Preflight Responsibilities

GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830

No person may operate an aircraft in formation flight except by arrangement with the PIC of each aircraft. Must not when carrying passengers for hire.

No PIC may allow objects to be dropped that creates a potential hazard to persons or property on the ground.

Formation Flying / Dropping Objects

GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830

8 hours bottle to throttle

Under the influence (.04 or greater)

Any drug that affects his/her faculties(including over the counter)

Alcohol and Drugs

GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830

Crewmembers must have seatbelts fastened entire flight. Shoulder harness required for takeoff and landing.

Passengers must have seatbelts fastened during takeoff and landing.

Seat Belts

GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830

Speed Limits

GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830

PIC must comply with ATC instructions unless necessary for safety reason.

Notify ATC as soon as possible following deviation.

Report must be submitted within 48 hours if requested by ATC

ATC Clearances

GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830

Must be onboard aircraft for flight.

Effective as long as the aircraft is airworthy (applicable maintenance is performed)

Airworthiness Certificate

GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830

Must be onboard aircraft for flight.

Expires with change of ownership or every three years.

Airplane Registration

GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830

Airplane Flight ManualApproved Manual MaterialMarkingsPlacards

Airplane Limitations

GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830

Weight & Balance

GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830

Transmits on 121.5 and 243.0 MHz

Batteries must be replaced after 1 hour cumulative use or 50% battery life, which ever comes first.

Emergency Locator Transmitter

GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830

Prohibited: Over congested area Assembly of people Within lateral boundaries of

class B, C or D airspace Within 4 miles of airway Below 1,500’ AGL Visibility less than 3 miles

Aerobatic Flight

GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830

Pilot must not exceed 60° of bank or 30° pitch unless each occupant is wearing an approved parachute.

Does not apply to spin training.

If parachute is chair type, it must be certified within preceding 120 days.

Parachutes

GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830

Cannot operate restricted, limited or experimental aircraft for hire.

Cannot operate restricted aircraft: Over densely populated area In a congested airway Near a busy commercial airport

Restricted, Experimental, etc.

GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830

Preventative Maintenance Owner/Operator may

perform preventative maintenance as defined in Part 43, Appendix A.

Entry must be made in aircraft maintenance log.

Annual Inspection Required every 12

calendar months by licensed mechanic.

May be in lieu of 100-hour

Maintenance & Inspections

GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830

100-hour Inspection Required for flight

instruction or for hire. May not be in lieu of

Annual

ELT Must be inspected every

12 calendar months

Transponder Must be inspected every

24 calendar months

Pitot-Static Must be inspected every

24 calendar months

Maintenance & Inspections

GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830

Airworthiness Directives Issued by the FAA to identify

unsafe aircraft conditions and prescribe regulatory actions.

For example, a certain propeller type may require inspection at non-standard intervals.

Service Bulletin Issued by the aircraft

manufacturer to inform the aviation community of non-regulatory material of interest.

For example, a service bulletin may be issued to provide updated research data on metal fatigue.

Ads and Service Bulletins

GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830

Accident – Substantial aircraft damage, death or serious injury.

Substantial Damage – Damage or failure which adversely affects the structural strength, performance, or flight characteristics of the aircraft. See Exceptions 830.2

Serious Injury – Requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours within 7 days of accident, or injury includes…

Incident – An occurrence other than an accident.

NTSB 830

GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830

Must immediately report:

1. Aircraft accident2. Crewmember injury or illness.3. Inflight fire4. Overdue aircraft5. Flight control malfunction

Reporting Requirements

GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830

In addition to immediate notification, the pilot or operator must also file written report:

Within 10 days of accident Within 7 days of aircraft missing Upon request for incident

Reporting Requirements

GL24 – 14 CFR Part 91 and NTSB 830