Process Improvement - 14 Finances - 21treff-end.com/.../10/Treff-End-Report-2016-2017.pdf · 1...

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Treff-End Organization Annual Report, 2016 -2017

Rössligasse 41, 4125 Riehen, Switzerland – [email protected] – www.treff-end.com

Learning & Teaching

Process Improvement - 14

Finances - 21

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.treff-end.com/

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Approach to Sustainable Development And Innovation

Woteva Village, South West Region, Cameroon

Satellite view of Woteva Village; Garmin 64ST BaseCamp, May 2017

Woteva Village

Boganjo

Lysoka

Bondjia

• Precise Location – East

foot of Mount

Cameroon (N4° 13.425'

E9° 17.960')

• Altitude – 650 to 1300m

above sea level

• Surface Area – About

2500 hectares

• Population – About 350

indigenes and hundreds

of farmers from other

villages.

• Governing Institution –

Chieftaincy empowered

by the government

• Main Organ – The

Traditional Council

Background Information



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Challenges Faced By Villagers

This section of the mountain is almost entirely deforested mainly due to illegal exploitation of forest resources and

poor farming practices. According to research, 21,580 hectares of forest were lost between 1987 and 2002; 22.600

hectares, between 2002 and 2010, representing an annual loss of about 2,825 hectares per year on these lowland

regions of the mountain (MINFOF, 2014). Prior

to deforestation, most villagers survived from

abundant forest resources. In recent years, the

region is seriously affected by climate change,

resulting in poor crop yields and serious

competition for resources. Many villagers are

discouraged and continually migrate to already

congested cities, while some aspire to travel

abroad to search for a better life. This remote

area has no school, medical facilities and

drinking water. Pupils must forcefully be exiled

to cities or walk long distances to attend school

in neighbouring villages. Many cases of people

bitten by poisonous snakes died before reaching the nearest hospital. Some pregnant women were forced to deliver

either in the village or on their way to the hospital. Villagers depend on rainwater during the rainy season and walk

miles to fetch drinking water in the dry season. In the rainy season, roads are always inaccessible due to erosion except

with 4WD vehicles as shown in the photo.



4



Innovation Using Human-Centered Design (HCD) Approaches

457

12091286

732

426367

294 335262

380269

324

763.5

273 279

793

341

1107

289

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

SCO

RE

GENERATED PROJECTS

Innovation Tournament Results33 Respondants

Projects

Generated

From

HCD

Workshops



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Collaborative Prototyping to Projects With High Score

Group 1 , 10 participants

Development of Ecotourism and other touristic sites

Prototyping Group 1


Maintenance of existing and creation of new palm plantations

Prototyping Group 2


Rain water collection and purification project

Prototyping Group 3

Group 4, 8 participants

Corn plantation

Prototyping Group 4



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In view of these and emerging challenges, we engaged the

villagers in a series of practical design processes meant to

generate, evaluate and implement real, feasible, highly

impactful and cost-effective solutions in the community. We

organized Human-centered Design (HCD) workshops, which

brought together representatives from each family in the

village, few neighbouring villagers, local NGOs and

government. The goals of the workshop were to encourage

collective action and teamwork, generate sustainable project

ideas, develop prototypes for some projects and begin with

implementation activities.

Group 5

10 participants

Cedrela Cultivation (WCTPP)

Prototyping Group 5

HCD Workshops, Woteva Village Community Hall, May 11 & 12, 2017

Approach To Innovation

And Sustainable

Development



7



Evaluation And Expansion Of The Woteva Cedrela Tree Planting Project

The Woteva Cedrela tree planting

project is a cost-effective and

highly impactful project. If

completely implemented in the

village, it will hasten sustainable

development and improve the

well-being of the people. The

experimental phase began in the

2014-2015 planting seasons while

the analysis and results were

conducted in 2017 by Treff-End

representatives in collaboration

with Wewuley Consultancy, a

forest management organization in

the South West Region and the

inhabitants of Woteva Village.

Data collected for analysis included heights of trees, diameter at breast heights of trees, parasite or disease attack soil and climatic

conditions in the 2015-2016 test plantations. This project has several advantages; apart from generating income, the tree flowers serve

as a good source of nectar for honeybees, which will result in the development of honey farms in the village. An agroforestry planting

system enables trees to serve as minor shades of coffee, cocoa and other cash crops. If completed, the project will revitalize the

ecosystem and fight against severe climate change in this region. All the benefits from this project in 15 to 20 years will enable the

sponsoring of other important projects in Woteva and surrounding villages.



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Results Obtained From The Research Farms

Currently, we have two farms as shown on the map. We planted the first 0.5-

hectare farm in 2014-2015 and continued the next planting season with another

0.4-hectare. On the 2015 farm, we planted 1800 trees at distances of 3 to 6m.

In these demonstration farms, the aim was to have as many good trees as

possible, examine their growth rates and practice effective thinning after 5 to 7

years to allow only the best trees on the land. Due to a lack of maintenance and resources, only about 700 trees survived in the first

and about 300 in the second. The average heights in the farms are slightly above the 2m per year increase in height attributed to this

species by researchers under good growth conditions. None of the trees in the farms has been attacked by parasites, warms or any

John Mwafise W & Edward Njie counting and measuring trees, May 2017

2015 farm

0.5 hectares

2016 farm

0.4 hectares

Maps of 2015 and 2016 Cedrela

farms, May 2017



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other tree disease, but few of them were bent by strong winds. Average height and diameter at breast height of trees in the farms are

shown in the tables below:

2015 Cedrela plantation – Average height of farm

N Range Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Variance

Height (m) 254 8.4 1.6 10.0 4.357 1.4309 2.047

Valid N (list wise) 254

2016 Cedrela Plantation – Average height of farm


H1 (m) 46 2.3 .5 2.8 1.411 .6125 .375


2015 Cedrela plantation – Average Diameter at Breast Height of farm


Av.DBH (mm) 254 89.515 19.725 109.240 56.69268 20.984217 440.337


2016 Cedrela plantation – Average Diameter at Breast Height of farm


Av.DBH (mm) 46 26.190 7.665 33.855 17.00435 6.218012 38.664




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History of Cedrela Species in Cameroon

Cedrela comes originally from the Latin American forest of Mexico to Ecuador, Peru, Brazil and French Guyana

and grows very well in primary and secondary evergreen to semi-deciduous lowland and low mountainous forests

(Orwa C, A Mutua, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, S Anthony, 2009). This species was introduced in Cameroon in the 1950s

and early 1960s by the Vitoria Botanic Garden (now known as the Limbe Botanic Garden).

Ideal growth altitudes of this species range between 0-1900m above sea level, mean annual temperatures of 22-

32 degree centigrade and mean annual rainfall between 1000-3700 mm (Orwa C, A Mutua, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, S

Anthony. 2009). It is a fast-growing species which once past the vulnerable stage adds on average 2.5cm in diameter

and 2m in height a year under good conditions and require exposure to some degree of light. In the absence of growth

obstructions, trees reach heights ranging from 30 to 60m with Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) up to 120cm (S

Cavers, C Navarro, AJ Lowe, 2003) in 40 years, branches up to 25m and a relatively narrowly buttressed base.

Cedrela shows high potential for plantations, as it is fast growing and produces multipurpose timber. In between

10 to 12 years (Russell M. Burns and Barbara H. Honkala, 1990:250), flowers can be expected annually and are a good

source of nectar for honey bees (Orwa C, A Mutua, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, S Anthony, 2009), which may result to the

development of profitable honey farms. Cedrela is a lightweight and moderately soft and durable tree with a density

between 410-525kg/m3 at 12% moisture content (mc) (Orwa C, A Mutua, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, S Anthony, 2009);

resistant to termites and many wood-boring insects.

Cedrela is a highly in demand timber species with various uses; it is ‘premier timber for furniture, decorative

veneer, musical instruments, wooden novelties and doors. It is best used for cigar boxes, but also for light construction,

mouldings, cabinets, panelling, boxes, exterior joinery, weather boards, louvered doors, boat building (especially racing

boats), canoes, turnery, matchboxes, household implements, plywood and firewood. It is also suitable for crates, fencing

and animal pens. The repellent smell of the wood to insects makes it particularly suitable for the manufacture of clothing

chests and wardrobes’ (Orwa C, A Mutua, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, S Anthony, 2009).

The tree also has medicinal value; its root and trunk bark are used to fight fever and body pain.

The species has few disadvantages in that they can be bent by strong winds during early growth stages, require

maintenance for 1 to 2 years to enable them to have access to sunlight and can be invasive if uncontrolled.



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Estimates of Financial Benefits - Cedrela Project

Given the tree DBH in centimeters (cm)

measured 1.3m above ground level, trees height

measured in meters (m), Pie (Π) = 3.142 and

assuming the tree is conical in shape with the

DBH equivalent to the diameter at the base of

the cone, the formula (Tree Volume (m3) = Tree

Basal Area (m2) x Tree Height (m) / 3 =

(DBH/200)2 x Π x h / 3) can be used to obtain

conservative estimates of total underback tree volume in metre cube (m3) (Farm Forest Line, 2009).

The graph on the left shows

the Real, Feasible, Impact and

Resource Test (RFIR-Test) of

the project. This test

consisted of allowing the

villagers to assign scores to

the various criteria indicated

on the graph. Of the 145

possible points per criteria,

none scored less than

average. This project is highly

valued by the villagers.

Tree

age

(yrs.)

DBH

(cm)

Height

(m)

Volume /

tree (m3)

N° of trees

targeted

Total

Volume

(m3)

Volume /

lumber

(m3)

N° of

lumbers

Local market

Price /m3 ($)

Income

/ tree

($)

Income ($)

USD

10 25 20 0.33

12,500

4,125

0.018

229,167

245.50

81.02 1, 012,750

15 37.5 30 1.10 13,750 763,889 270.05 3,375,625

20 50 40 2.26 28,250 1,564,444 554.83 6,935,375

132

111

123133

125 122

135128

111106

115 113120 120

125 122 123115

99109 111

105115

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

SCO

RE

QUESTION

RFIR-Test of the Cedrela Project29 Workshop Participants



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Future Prospects of the WCTPP

More than 600 nursed seedlings to be planted in 2017

Planting period

7yrs (2018-2025) 1786 trees/season

Harvest Target

625 trees/Season

Planting Distances

5m & 10-20m

(mixed system) Planting Sites

Earmarked Village & Villagers’ Lands

Judiciary Bodies

-MINFOF

-Village Council

Total Targeted N° of Trees

12500

A 15 years old harvest of 625 trees is worth $168,781 and a 20 years old harvest of 625 trees $346,768.

These figures assume that all trees are planted in time, local cost of a meter cube of wood volume stays

constant at $245.50/m3 and all trees grow to maturity without growth obstructions. These harvest

estimates also exclude harvesting and few other related cost.



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Project Organizational

Structure The Village Chief (HRH Chief Bernard Lieti)

oversees the whole project and ensures that it

runs smoothly, closely monitors performance

indicators and stirs the Project Steering

Committee Members (PSCM) to take necessary

actions. He is also responsible for authenticating

all project documents, obtaining all necessary

permits from stakeholders and appropriate

negotiations. The Project Steering Committee

Members plan the entire planting season and

allocate resources, write, communicate activities

and send funding proposals to appropriate donors and contributors, develop an emergency plan in case of any modifications and ensure

that all project decisions are within the limits of its budget and scope. The Project Manager (Mr Mathias Ewoumbua) recruits workers,

assigns tasks and keeps appropriate and detailed records of project progress. The Finance Director ensures finances are rightly channelled

and spent to accomplish specific tasks. The Project Supervisor (Mr Ndumbe Ekema Stephen) monitors the efficiency and effectiveness of

implementation procedures and processes and the entire project progress. He also proposes new solutions and profitable changes,

organizes steering committee meetings, campaigns and other project events and writes seasonal project reports. The Village Council

develops project security measures, appoints and shares roles and ensures implementation. It also develops rules and regulations to be

followed to ensure a healthy harvest, apply all necessary and appropriate sanctions to perpetrators, plays an active rule in the equitable

sharing of benefits and assists in providing catch-up solutions and volunteers in cases of emergency. The Security Personnel monitor project

sites, record and report all security issues and provide security advice to the Village Council and Project Steering Committee Members,

while Workers follow instructions of the project manager in accomplishing tasks.

Apart from being the main initiators and sponsors of the project, Treff-End Organization assists with expert advice and design possible

exploration patterns to expand the project to include other project ideas.

Village Chief

Project Steering Committee Members

Project Manager Workers

Finance Director

Project Supervisor

Village Council Security Personnel



14



Improving the Teaching and Learning Processes

LifeWayLight Schools, Tanzania

Lean Six Sigma Project

Mr. Peterclavar Temba, the Head of Projects,

Lifewaylight Organization, Tanzania.

Name of Teachers who Attended the

Training Sessions

- Madam Konjesta Joseph Mruma

- Mr. Godwin Filemon Kisasi

- Sir. Yohana Daudi Makonga

- Mr. Peterclavar A. Temba (Principal)

- Sir. Morris Mung’aro Katana

- Mr. Edibily Iddy Kwiyanka

- Madam Beatrice Christopher

Nyombe



15



LSS Project

Activity

Week

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Define

Introduction

Project Charter

SIPOC

Measure

Interviews with students

Interviews with teachers

Interviews with parents

concerned

Current teaching process chart

Analyse

Value-add activities in the

teaching process

Non-value add activities but

required

Non-value add activities to be

removed

Fishbone analysis diagram

Benchmark discussion

Improve

Stakeholder analysis

Risks analysis

Special recommendations

New process Chart

Five S System

Training of teachers

Implementation

Control

Monitor & evaluate – progress

measurement

Final report/Presentation slides

Presentation in Lugano,

Switzerland

On The

Training

Activities



16



Collecting The Voice of the Customer

Students

Teachers

Parents



17



Identified Challenges

Lack of schools in

certain areas

Culture & old school

habits

Extreme traditional beliefs

No education

Few extra benefits

Many unfulfilled promises

Low salaries

No Motivation for

Teachers

No prices for good

performance

Heavy workloads

Economic situation

Unemployment

Little or no income for parents

Laziness

Poverty Illiterate Parents

Lack of adequate teaching

equipment

Uncompleted infrastructures

Lack of Leisure facilities for

staff

Noise pollution between

classes

Poor feedback

Uncomfortable

Learning Environment

Sickness

Long distances

Lack of school fees

Parents’ preference of

social events

Discouragements

Low Attendance

Inability for parents to

afford extra services,

e.g. bus

No lesson checks & no

revision

Parents & teachers

don’t help with home

work

Parents too busy with

work

Parents have other

priorities

Lack of concern &

Motivation for pupils

Learning difficulties



18



New Teaching And Learning Process Map for Primary Schools



19



Ongoing Improvement of Process

LifeWay Light Schools

Arise & Shine!



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Recommendations-LSS Project- LifeWayLight Schools N° Recommendation Action Plan

1

Solve all homework problems in

class and do significant revision 2 to

3 days before tests and exams.

- Solve all homework problems in class before starting any new lesson.

- Teachers should revise key issues on each subject before the start of exams and tests.

- Teachers should use quizzes to assure themselves that the students have understood lessons (pay attention to slow

learning students).

2

Introduce a culture of reading in the

English language in school.

- Students should speak only English language on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.

- Make English books and games available to students and in the school library.

- Send students outside in groups to read aloud and play games.

- Organize few English reading competitions in school during workshops.

- Encourage parents to speak some English language with students at home and to buy some English books for the child at

home.

3

Monitor & evaluate parents’

participation in assisting the child

and give them feedback on their

performance.

- Receive feedback from students on how parents follow them up at home.

- Organize occasional visits to parents’ homes to talk if necessary.

- Inform parents about the progress of their children.

- Explain to parents the areas needing attention.

- Give parents feedback on their general attitude towards helping their children.

4

Monitor & evaluate teachers’

participation in assisting the child

and give them feedback on their

performance.

- In every school, the principal should bring all teachers together every morning for 2 to 3 minutes to remind them of their

responsibilities of the day (homework, attention, evaluating the student, etc.).

- Teachers should receive feedback on their performances every week. Gaps to be filled should be shown to them at the

end of monthly meetings.

- Teachers should develop creative & innovative approaches to teaching children.

- Do extra training if needed (watch creative videos, learn from experts, etc.). Make this material available.

5

Monitor and evaluate students’

efforts.

- Ask student questions and their opinions, and make sure these are properly addressed.

- Encourage students to take initiatives (e.g. speaking in class, solving on board, etc.)

- Give students feedback on their performance, show them gaps, counsel and encourage them on how to proceed.

6 Organize extra classes for those

students whose parents can afford

the cost on Saturdays or 1 to 2 hours

evening classes (6 to 8 pm).

- Inform parents about this option.

- Allow parents to express their views on this option.

- Weigh the possibility of organizing extra classes.

7

Pay teachers in time to make sure

they are effective.

- Register mostly students that can pay school fees on time to ensure funds are available (reduction of school fees).

- Parents should sign contracts, receive reminders and two warnings before action.

- For students who can’t pay on time create 4 instalments instead of usual 3.



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Financial Statement

Income Statement

Income Amount (CHF) Total (CHF) Donations (Family members) 500.00 500 Family 120.80 120.80 Others 300.00 300.00 Total 920.80

Cash Flow

Cash Flow Amount (CHF) Workshops 534.85.00 LSS Project 300.00 0thers 85.95 Total 920.80



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For More Information or To Sponsor a Project,

Contact Treff-End

www.treff-end.com

[email protected]





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References

• Cavers, S., Navarro, C. and Lowe, A. J. (2003), Chloroplast DNA phylogeography reveals colonization history of a Neotropical tree, Cedrela odorata L., in Mesoamerica. Molecular Ecology, 12: 1451–1460. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003. 01810.x

• MINISTRY OF FORESTRYAND WILDLIFE, THE MANAGEMENT PLAN OF THE MOUNT CAMEROON NATIONAL PARK AND ITS PERIPHERAL ZONE, 2015 – 2019, October 2014

• Orwa C, A Mutua, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, S Anthony. 2009 Agroforestree Database: a tree reference and selection guideversion 4.0 (http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sites/treedbs/treedatabases.asp

• Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife, Regional Service of Forestry, Non-objection for the recuperation of abandoned logs, October 14th, 2015

• Cintron, Barbara B. "Cedrela odorata L. Cedro hembra, Spanish cedar." Silvics of North America 2.654 (1990): 250.



http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sites/treedbs/treedatabases.asp

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