Professor Michael J. LosaccoCIS 1110 – Using Computers

Enterprise ComputingChapter 12

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Overview

Discuss Requirements of Enterprises

Identify Functional Units of Enterprise

List Systems Used in Functional Units

Describe the Virtualization

Describe Cloud & Grid Computing

Discuss Backup & Disaster Recovery

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Enterprise

Large Organization

Requires Special Solutions Due to Size

Enterprise Computing

Use of Computers in Networks

Encompass Variety of:

Operating Systems

Protocols

Network Architectures

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Enterprise Computing

Manage Large Amount of Information

Over an Extensive Geographical Area

Over Disparate Groups of People

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Enterprise Information

Business Intelligence

Business Process Management

Business Process Automation

Focus on overall goals and objectives

Access information necessary to perform job

Deals with ongoing activities

Applies specific programs and plans to meet stated objectives

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Enterprise Organization

Functional UnitIndividual Operating Entity

Can Include Departments & Divisions

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Accounting & Finance

AccountingAccounts PayableAccounts ReceivableOrder EntryCost Accounting

FinancialBudgetingForecastingCash ManagementInvestment Analysis

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Human Resources (HR)

HRIS

Human Resources Information System

Tracking Applicants

Tracking Training

Evaluations

Payroll

Benefits

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Engineering

CAD (Computer-aided Design)Produce Product Drafting / Design

CAE (Computer-aided Engineering)Computerized Testing of Product Designs

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Manufacturing

CAM (Computer-aided Manufacturing)

Computerized Production Equipment

Robotics

CIM (Computer-integrated Manufacturing)

Operation of Process

Sensing State

Modifying Processes

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Manufacturing

MRP (Material Requirements Planning)Cost Estimates

Inventory Control

Bill of Materials

Purchasing

MRP IIScheduling

Tracking Production

Monitoring Product Quality

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Marketing

Determine

Products or Services

Interest of Customers

Strategy

Sales

Business Development

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Sales

SFA (Sales Force Automation)

Tools for Traveling Salespeople

Sales Forecasting Management

Sales Lead Management

Account and Contact Management

Quote & Proposal Generation

Taking Orders

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Distribution

SCM (Supply Chain Management)Distribution Strategy

Delivery Scheme

Mode of Transportation

Logistics

Forecasting for Inventory ControlJIT

Track Shipping of ProductsProvide Information & Analysis on Inventory

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Customer Service

CIM (Customer Interaction Management)

Help Desks

Customer Service Centers

Telephone Calls

E-mail

Web Interactions

Instant Messaging Sessions

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Information Technology

Information Architecture

Technology Strategy for Enterprise

Hardware & Software Maintenance

Build / Buy / Replace Systems

Web Site Management

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Information Technology

General System Types

(OIS) Office Information System

Create Documents

Send Messages

Schedule Appointments

Browse Web

Transaction Processing

Captures & Processes Data From Transactions

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Information Technology

General System Types

MIS (Management Information Systems)

Accurate, Timely, & Organized Information

Supervise Activities

Track Progress

Reengineering

Decision Support System

Helps Users Analyze Data & Make Decisions

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Information Technology

General System Types

Expert SystemCaptures & Stores Knowledge of Experts

Knowledge Base

Subject Knowledge & Experiences of Experts

Imitates Human Reasoning & Decision Making

Inference Rules

Logical Judgments Applied to Knowledge Base

Artificial Intelligence

Make Decisions in Real-life Situations

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Information Technology

General System Types

Expert System

Step 1. A user selects his or her gender

Step 2. Select location on body where problem is being experienced

Step 3. Select type of pain.

Step 5. Review possible diagnosis.

Step 4. Select other information about problem.

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Information Technology

Integrated Information Systems

CRM (Customer Relationship Management)

Manages Information About Customers

Interactions With Customers

Past Purchases

Interests

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Information Technology

Integrated Information Systems

ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)

Coordinate Activities of Functional Units

Integrates

Planning & Logistics

Purchasing

Inventory

Order Tracking

Customer Service

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Information Technology

Integrated Information Systems

CMS (Content Management System)

Organizes & Allows Access to Documents

Seamlessly

Create

Edit

Review

Publish

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Technologies & Methodologies

Portal

Collection of Links, Content, & Services

Presented on Web Page

Guide Users To Information

Likely to Need for Particular Job Function

Data Warehouse

Huge Database

Analyze Historical & Current Transactions

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Technologies & Methodologies

Workflow

Specific Set of Steps

Complete a Business Process

VPN (Virtual Private Network)

Secure Connection to Company Network

For Mobile Users, Vendors, & Customers

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Technologies & Methodologies

Virtualization

Sharing or Pooling Computing Resources

Server

Create Many Virtual Servers

From One Divided Physical Server

Storage

Create a Single Storage Device

From Many Physical Storage Devices

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Technologies & Methodologies

Cloud ComputingServices / Storage Provided over Internet

AKA “Cloud"

Large Groups of Networked ServersUse Low-cost Consumer PC Technology

Grid ComputingCombine Many Servers and / or PCsAct as One Large Computer

Harness Unused Processing CyclesSolve Problems Too Intense For Any One Machine

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E-Commerce

Types

Business-to-Consumer (B2C)

Sale of Goods to General Public

Business-to-Business (B2B)

Business Sells to Other Businesses

Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)

Consumer Sells Directly to Another

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Enterprise Hardware

RAIDRedundant Array of Independent Disks

Group of Two or More Integrated Hard DisksMore Reliable

MirroringWrites Data on Two Disks at Same TimeEnhances Reliability

StripingSplits Data Across Multiple DisksImproves Access Time

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Enterprise Hardware

NAS (Network Attached Storage)Storage for Users & Systems

SAN (Storage Area Network)Storage for Other Servers

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Enterprise Hardware

Enterprise Storage System

Strategy for

Availability

Protection

Organization

Backup

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Enterprise Hardware

Blade Server

Complete Server on Single Card

Saves Space

Less Maintenance

Uses Less Energy

Generates Less Heat

Easily Replace / Upgrade

Blade Server Chassis Holds Many Blades

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Enterprise Hardware

Thin ClientSmall Terminal-like Computers

Rely on Server for Storage & Processing

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Enterprise Hardware

High Availability System

Uptime of at Least 99%

Between 1-24 hrs Downtime in 2008

$3 Million Average Cost per Incident

Hot-swapping

Replace Component While System is Running

Redundant Components

Replaces Similar Component that Fails

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Enterprise Hardware

Scalability

How Well System Grows to Meet Needs

Interoperability

Ability to Share Information

With Other Systems Within Enterprise

Open System

Shares Information Easily

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Backup Procedures

Backup

Copy of Data & Program Files

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Backup Procedures

CDP (Continuous Data Protection)

Automatic Data Backup

Whenever Data Changes in an Enterprise

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Disaster Recovery

Restore Operations After DisasterEmergency Plan

Steps Taken Immediately After Disaster

Backup PlanHow Backup is Used to Resume Processing

Recovery PlanActions to Restore Full Processing Operations

Test PlanSimulates Disasters & Tests Ability to Recover