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A

Progress Report

On

Vibration Energy Harvesting Of Combustion Engine for Automobile System

Using MEMS

Of

Period March September 2014

Submitted to the

VIVEKANANA !"#$A" %NIVERSI&'( )AIP%R

*#R &+E E!REE

#*

DOCTOR O !H"#OSO!H$

IN

E,ectro-ics a-d .ommu-icatio-

$/

%"TESH &UMAR D"'"T

%NER &+E !%IAN.E #*

Dr( &amal ) Rangra

Se-sors Na-otech-o,og/ !roup.hie Scie-tist( .EERI Pi,a-i

V"VE&A%A%DA *#O+A# U%"VERS"T$, )A"!UR

)A"!UR, RA)ASTHA%

#ctober 2014

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O+)ECT"VE

&he purpose o this 3or is to desig- a MEMS based se-sor or har5esti-g rom combustio-

E-gi-e6 &here are se5era, se7ue-tia, stages to achie5e this goa,( these are

819 Stud/ o the Vibratio-s o a .ombustio- e-gi-e6

829 *i-d a- A-a,/tica, so,utio- o a mode,6 &he har5esti-g reso-a-ce re7ue-c/ shou,d meet there7ue-c/ o Vibratio- o combustio- e-gi-e6 $ecause the s/stem output is ma:imum at

reso-a-ce re7ue-c/68;9 Mode,i-g MEMS based Vibratio- E-erg/ har5esti-g mode, usi-g Pie

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Vibratio-based de5ices compare 3e,, to other pote-tia, e-erg/ sources( i-c,udi-g batteries(

ue, ce,,s( a-d so,ar( temperature( a-d pressure de5ices6Not a,, 5ibratio- is e7ua, i- the 3or,d o e-erg/

har5esti-g >;? >4?6 &he act that a structure or ob@ect 5ibrates 8e5e- at e:cessi5e ,e5e,s9 does -ot automatica,,/

mae it a 5iab,e ca-didate as a suitab,e 5ibratio- source to har5est rom6 &he source 5ibratio- must ha5e

certai- characteristics or it to be usab,e >?6 &he o,,o3i-g guide,i-es are suitab,e or 5ibratio- source or

optima, useB

1 Resonant re8uen-y &he source 5ibratio- ob@ect shou,d ha5e a -o3- a-d repeatab,e

re7ue-c/ compo-e-t 3ithi- a ra-ge6 &his pro5ides the optima, tu-i-g re7ue-c/ or the

5ibratio- har5ester to 3or at its ma:imum pote-tia,6

1 Vibration #evel &he RMS ,e5e, o 5ibratio- is the -e:t co-sideratio-6 #-ce the Vibratio-

E-erg/ +ar5ester is re7ue-c/ tu-ed or ma:imum massCspri-g disp,aceme-t( the useu,-ess

o a Vibratio- E-erg/ +ar5esti-g 8VE+9 i- i-dustria, e-5iro-me-ts 3i,, be its abi,it/ to

produce suicie-t po3er at ,o3 ,e5e,s o 5ibratio-6 +igher ,e5e,s o 5ibratio- ge-erate

greater po3er output rom the Vibratio- E-erg/ +ar5esti-g >D?6

As per automobi,e i-dustria, data( the 5ibratio- re7ue-c/ o automobi,e combustio- e-gi-e

is 5aries bet3ee- D0 +< to 120 +< i- -orma, co-ditio-6 I- our 3or( the irst de5ice is desig-ed or

app,icatio-s i- machi-e e-5iro-me-ts that reso-ate at the desig-ated mai-s re7ue-c/ o 100 +

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"""( State9Of9T:e9Art "n Energy Harvesting Using !ie;oele-tri- Materials

a< !ie;oele-tri- Materials4

&his sectio- describes the stateotheart i- pie

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&he po,/mers "ie Po,/prop/,e-e( Po,/st/re-e( Po,/ Meth/, Methacr/,ate 8PMMA9 a-d

Vi-/, Acetate are -o3- to possess pie

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.ompared to its cou-terpart( sot P&s ha5e ,o3er mecha-ica, Qactor( higher

e,ectromecha-ica, coup,i-g coeicie-t( a-d higher die,ectric co-sta-t( 3hich are useu, to abricate

se-siti5e recei5ers a-d app,icatio-s re7uiri-g i-e mo5eme-t co-tro,( or i-sta-t i- h/dropho-es a-d

i- @et pri-ters6 #ther app,icatio-s ra-gi-g rom combi-ed reso-a-t tra-sducers 8or medica, a-d

,o3 measureme-ts9 to acce,erometer a-d pressure se-sors >12?6 E:amp,es o sot P&s are P

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&he research methodo,og/ as o,,o3s i- steps B

Ste. 34 To in1 System Resonant re8uen-y4

A,, 5ibratio- e-erg/ har5esters 8VE+9 are i- esse-ce a massCspri-g tu-ed reso-ator6 &heir

eecti5e operatio- is based upo- the abi,it/ o the VE+ to har5est rom a 5ibratio- source 3ithi- a

repeatab,e a-d co-siste-t re7ue-c/ ra-ge a-d -o3- suicie-t 5ibratio- ,e5e,6 &he 5ibratio- source

re7ue-c/ is used to tu-e the VE+ to a reso-a-t re7ue-c/ 8the re7ue-c/ that 3i,, produce the

ma:imum amou-t o disp,aceme-t o the massCspri-g structure9 e-ab,i-g ma:imum po3er output o

a VE+ based upo- source 5ibratio- ,e5e,6 I- other 3ords( the/ are actor/ tu-ed to a predei-ed

reso-a-t re7ue-c/ra-ge to match the 5ibratio- source o the app,icatio- a-d ma:imi1D?6

Ste.4 Analyti- Mo1eling of mo1el

A-a,/tic So,utio-B

&he ca-ti,e5er beam prob,em is a simp,iied e:amp,e 3hich is a bui,di-g b,oc or more

comp,e: a-a,/ses >1G? >1?6 &he prob,em mode,s a hori

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$/ starti-g 3ith the Eu,er$er-ou,,i $eam &heor/B

EId

4y

d x4+A

d2

y

d t2=0

TTT6819

here

EU 'ou-gs Modu,us o e,asticit/

IU Mome-t o I-ertia o beam

U Materia, e-sit/

AU Area o beam 8,e-gth " idth9

a-d i-corporati-g appropriate bou-dar/ co-ditio-sB

at x=0

y=0,

dy

dx=0

TTT66829

at x=L d

2y

d x2=0,

d3

y

d x3=0

TTT668;9

the -th-atura, re7ue-c/ is gi5e- b/B

fn=n

2 TT6T849

3hereB

n=kn2

EI

A L4 TTT689

A-d -is determi-ed as the root o B

cos ( knL)cosh (knL )=1 TTT8D9

here - U16( 46DJ4( G6TT66 or 1st( 2-da-d ;rdmodes

&he irst three -atura, re7ue-cies shou,d resemb,e the igure be,o3B

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*igure 2B *irst three Natura, *re7ue-cies

Ste. B 4 Mo1eling of !ie;oele-tri- trans1u-er using CO M S O# B(

&he mode,i-g o the u-imorphs ca-ti,e5er beam 3ith a proo mass is do-e usi-g

.#MS#" Mu,tiph/sicsW *EM sot3are6 .#MS#" Mu,tiph/sicsW is a po3eru, i-teracti5e

e-5iro-me-t or mode,i-g a-d so,5i-g a,, i-ds o scie-tiic a-d e-gi-eeri-g prob,ems >1J?

>20?6 &he de5ice desig- is o,,o3ed b/ assig-i-g materia,s a-d geometrica, parameters sho3- i-

&ab,e 2 to the domai-s i- the mode,6

Table 74 Material !ro.erties an1 *eometri- !arameters

!ie;oele-tri- material

'ou-gs modu,us 8!Pa9 8E9 2e11

Poissio-s ratio 8X9 06;

e-sit/ 8gCm;9() G00>gCmY;?

.oup,i-g coeicie-ts 0644

Re,ati5e die,ectric co-sta-t Z;; ;00

"e-gth [ 3idth [ thic-ess 8mm9 ;00 40 G

&he co-ditio-s to domai-s a-d bou-daries are app,ied such that the pie21? >22?6 &his is achie5ed b/ app,/i-g a i:ed co-strai-t

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o- the o-e side o the de5ice a,o-g the 3idth6 &he meshi-g is usi-g the sta-dard meshi-g too, or

e:tra i-e e,eme-ts6 I- this simu,atio- stud/( a mi-imum e,eme-t si

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*igure 4 B isp,aceme-t a-d *re7ue-c/ graph

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*igure B isp,aceme-t VCs *re7ue-c/ graph 3ith bou-dar/ mass o 60g

*igure DB &ota, isp,aceme-t VCs Arc "e-gth at diere-t re7ue-cies

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*igure GB Strai- E-erg/ de-sit/ VCs *re7ue-cies

*igure B isp,aceme-t At J0+

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*igure JB isp,aceme-t At 110 +2? S6 P6 $eeb/( M6 )6 &udor( a-d N6 M6 hite( QE-erg/ har5esti-g 5ibratio- sources or

micros/stems app,icatio-s(Meas. Sci. Technol.( 5o,6 1G( -o6 12( pp6 R1GR1J( 200D6

>;? .6'6 .ho-g a-d S6 P6 Kumar( QSe-sor Net3orsB E5o,utio-( #pportu-ities( a-d .ha,,e-ges(Proceedings of the IEEE( 5o,6 J1( -o6 ( pp6 124G12D( August 200;6

>4? 6 K6 !6 Seah( 6 A6 Eu( a-d +6P6 &a-( Qire,ess Se-sor Net3ors Po3ered b/ Ambie-t E-erg/

+ar5esti-g 8SN+EAP9 Sur5e/ a-d .ha,,e-ges( I-5ited paper( i- Proceedings of the irst

International Conference on !ireless Communications" #ehicular Technolog$" Information

Theor$ and Aerospace % Electronic S$stems Technolog$ &!ireless #ITAE'( Aa,borg( e-mar(

1G20 Ma/ 200J6

>? ' 6 .6 Shu a-d I6 .6 "ie-( QA-a,/sis o po3er output or pieD? S 6 Rou-d/( E6 S6 "e,a-d( )6 $aer( E6 .ar,eto-( E6 Rei,,/( E6 "ai( $6#tis( )6 M6 Rabae/( P6 K6

right( a-d V6 Su-darara@a-( QImpro5i-g po3er output or 5ibratio-based e-erg/ sca5e-gers(

IEEE Trans. Pervasive Comput.( 5o,6 4( pp6 2;D( 2006

>G? !6 K6 #ttma-( +6 *6 +oma--( a-d !6 A6 "esieutre( Q#ptimiJ? Sch3art10? )ae( +6(Pie)oelectric Ceramics. )our-a, o &he America- .eramic Societ/( 1J6 B38119B p6

4J44J6

>11? )ae( $6( .oo )r( 6 R6( )ae( +6( )6P6 Roberts( a-d P6 Popper( Pie)oelectric Ceramics61JG1( "o-do-B Academic Press I-c6

>12?6 !iurgiutiu( V6 a-d S6E6 "/she5si( Electroactive and Magnetoactive Materials(i-

Micromechatronics: modeling" anal$sis" and design (ith Matla*6 200;( .R. Press6 p6 ;G41

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>1;?6 Pie14?6 Va- "i-te,( +6&6!6( *6.6M6 Va- e Po,( a-d S6 $ou3stra(A pie)oelectric micropump *ased on

micromachining of silicon. Se-sors a-d Actuators( 1J6 1829B p6 1;1DG6

>1? 6 !u/omar a-d M6 "a,,art( QRece-t Progress i- Pie1D? M6 6 Shaer( M6 $r/a-t a-d E6 !arcia( Qesig-i-g ma:imum po3er output i-to pie1G? M6 6 Sa,im( +6 Sa,,eh( a-d 6S6M6 Sa,im( QSimu,atio- a-d e:perime-ta, i-5estigatio- o a

3ide ba-d P MEMS har5ester at ,o3 re7ue-cies(Micros$st. Technol6( 5o,6 1( pp6 G;GD;(

20126

>1? S6 N6 )agtap a-d R6 Pai,/( Q!eometr/ #ptimi