SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN
Modern Architecture Studies in Southeast Asia (MASSA) Research
Unit
Bachelor of Science (Honours) (Architecture)
BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [ARC 3413]
Project 2 : Integration with Design Studio 5 Lighting Analysis
Name: Eleanor Ng Cui Shan ID: 0302936
Lecturer Mr Sivaraman
Zoning of Spaces
GROUND FLOOR MEZZANINE PLAN
FIRST FLOOR MEZZANINE PLAN
ZONE 1
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
ZONE 2
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
ZONE 4
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
ZONE 5
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
ZONE 6
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
Standard MS 1525 LUX Recommendation - Lighting Standard MS1525 2001
Lighting must provide a suitable visual environment within a particular space
following the Code of Practice on Energy Efficiency and Use of Energy
Sufficient and suitable lighting for the performance and range of tasks and
provision of a desired appearance for general building area and restaurant.
Type of Interior, Task or
Activity
Em
LUX
UGRI Ra Remarks
1. General Building Areas
Entrance Halls 100 22 60
Lounges 200 22 80
Circulation Areas, Corridors 100 28 40 At exit and entrance
provide an transition zone
and avoid sudden change
Stairs, Escalators,
Travelators
150 25 40
Loading, Ramps, Bays 150 25 40
Canteen 200 22 80
Restroom 100 22 80
Room of Physical Exercise 300 22 80
Cloakrooms, Washrooms,
Bathrooms, Toilets
200 25 80
Sick Bay 500 19 80
2. Restaurant & Hotels
Reception, Cashier Desk 300 22 80
Kitchen 500 22 80
Restaurant, Dining Room 200 22 80 The lighting should be
designed to create
intimate atmosphere
Self-Services Restaurant 200 22 80
Buffet 300 22 80
Corridors 100 25 80 During night-time, lower
levels are acceptable
Multipurpose Hall 300 22 80 Figure 1: MS 1525 Standard Recommendation for Lighting
Lighting Analysis and Calculation
Daylight Factor
Defined as the ratio (in percentage, of indoors work plane illuminance (at a
given point) to the outdoor illuminance on a horizontal plane.
In order to calculate daylight factor, formulae below is used:
DF = E i
E ox 100%
Where,
DF = Daylight Factor
Ei = Illuminance due to daylight at a point on the indoors working plane
Eo = Simultaneous outdoor illuminance on a horizontal plane from an unobstructed
hemisphere of overcast sky = 32000 lux
(Malaysia standard outdoor daylight level: 32000 lux)
According to MS 1525 (2007),
DF (%) Distribution >6 Very large with thermal and glare problem
3-6 Good
1-3 Fair
0-1 Poor
Table 1: Daylight Factor and its distribution respectively
Lumen Method Calculation
Also called zonal cavity method, is a simplified method to calculate the light
level in a room. This method includes a series of calculations that uses
horizontal illuminance criteria to create a uniform luminaire layout in a space.
In short, it is the total number of lumens available in a room divided by the
area or zoning of the room. In order to perform this calculation, many factors,
coefficients, lamp lumen data and other quantities must be gathered.
Step 1:
Determine the light reflectance (%) for ceiling, wall, window and floor in the
overall space based on the reflectance table.
Table 2: Light reflectance table
Step 2:
Determine room index.
Room index (RI) is the ratio of room plan area to half the wall area between
the working and luminaire planes.
RI = L x W
Hm x (L+W)
Where,
L = Length of room
W = Width of room
Hm = Mounting height (vertical distance between the working plane and the
luminaire)
Step 3:
Identify utilization factor (UF) from table below.
Table 3: Utilization Factor Table
Step 4:
Determine number of fittings required, N.
N = E x A
F x UF x MF
Where,
E = MS 1525 standard illuminance over the specific zone
F = Lighting design lumens per lamp
UF = Utilization factor
MF = Maintenance factor
A= Area of horizontal working plane
Step 5:
Identify the Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR),
SHR is the ratio of distance between adjacent luminaires to their height
above working plane. For a rectangular arrangement of luminaires and by
approximately,
SHR = 1
Hm √
A
N
Where,
A = Total floor area
N = Number of luminaires
Hm = Mounting height (vertical distance between the working plane and the
luminaire)
Calculate minimum spacing between each fixtures.
Calculate number of row fixtures required along the width of the room.
Calculate number of fixtures required in each row.
Calculate axial spacing between each fixture.
Calculate transverse spacing between each fixture.
Daylight Factor Analysis
1. Second Floor – Zone 5 Foot Spa Hub
Time Luminance (lux) Average
11AM - 2PM 300 - 750 525
3PM - 6PM 200 - 220 210
DF = E i
E o x 100
Where, E o= Direct Sunlight = 32000 lux
DF = 525
32000 x 100
= 1.64%
According to the Standard MS1525 Daylight factor,
1.64% is located in the range of 1-3%, which Zone 3 is
considered as a FAIR zone.
ZONE 5
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
Diagram 1: Day Lighting Contour Diagram of second floor generated using Ecotect
2. Second Floor - Zone 6 Reading Lounge
Time Luminance (lux) Average
11AM - 2PM 300 - 888 594
3PM - 6PM 185 - 201 193
DF = E i
E o x 100
Where, E o= Direct Sunlight = 32000 lux
DF = 594
32000 x 100
= 1.86%
According to the Standard MS1525 Daylight factor,
1.86% is located in the range of 1-3%, which Zone 5 is considered as a
FAIR zone.
ZONE 6
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
Diagram 2: Day Lighting Contour Diagram of second floor generated using Ecotect
Artificial Lighting Analysis
1. Ground Floor Mezzanine – Zone 2 Restaurant
Location Ground Floor Mezzanine - Zone 2 Restaurant
Room Length, L 15.2m
Room Width, W 4m
Mounting Height of
Fitting (from work
plane),Hm
2.1m
For Ambient LED Lustre
Room Index, RI RI = L x W
Hm x (L+W)
RI = 15.2x 4
2.1x (15.2+4)
RI = 1.51
Reflection Factors Ceiling- greyish-White Plaster 60%
Wall - Brick 40%
Floor - Oak light 25%
Utilization Factor, UF 0.61
ZONE 2
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
Lighting Design
Lumens per lamp, F
136 l
Maintenance Factor,
MF
0.85
Area of Horizontal
Working Plane, A
60.8 m²
MS 1525 Standard
Luminance
200 lux
Number of fittings
required, N
For Ambient LED Lustre
N = E x A
F x UF x MF
N = 200 x 60.8
12x 136 x 0.61 x 0.85
N = 14.37~ 14
Conclusion Zone 2 need 14 fittings of Ambient LED Lustre in order
to perform its task with sufficient lighting.
Spacing to Height
Ratio (SHR) SHR =
1
Hm √
A
N
SHR = 1
2.1 √
60.8
14
SHR = 0.476 √4.32
SHR = 0.99
Spacing between
each fixtures (m)
S
Hm = 0.99
S
2.1 = 0.99
S = 2.08m
Number of row fixtures
required along the
width of the room
N = W
𝑆
N = 4
2.08
N = 1.92~ 2
Number of fixtures
required in each row N =
14
2
N = 7
Layout
plan of
lighting
fixtures
Diagram 3; Artificial Lighting Contour Diagram of Ground floor mezzanine generated using
Ecotect
1. First Floor Mezzanine Floor - Zone 4 Cafe
Location First Floor Mezzanine Floor - Zone 4 Cafe
Room Length, L 12.2m
Room Width, W 6m
Mounting Height of
Fitting (from work
plane), Hm
2.1m
2 Head Spotlight –LED
Room Index, RI RI = L x W
Hm x (L+W)
RI = 12.2 x 6
2.1 x (12.2+6)
RI = 1.92
Reflection Factors Ceiling- greyish-White Plaster 60%
Wall - Brick 40%
Floor - Oak light 25%
Utilization Factor, UF 0.67
Lighting Design
Lumens per lamp, F
500 l
ZONE 4
FIRST FLOOR PLAN
Maintenance Factor,
MF
0.85
Area of Horizontal
Working Plane, A
73.2m²
MS 1525 Standard
Luminance
200 lux
Number of fittings
required, N
For 2 Head Spotlight –LED
N = E x A
F x UF x MF
N = 200 x 73.2
2 x 500 x 0.67 x 0.85
N = 25.7 ~ 26
Conclusion Zone 4 need 26 fittings of 2 Head Spotlight LED in
order to perform its task with sufficient lighting.
Spacing to Height
Ratio (SHR) SHR =
1
Hm √
A
N
SHR = 1
2.1 √
73.2
26
SHR = 0.476 √2.82
SHR = 0.80
Spacing between
each fixtures (m)
S
Hm = 0.80
S
2.1 = 0.80
S = 1.68m
Number of row fixtures
required along the
width of the room
N = W
𝑆
N = 6
1.68
N = 3.57~ 4
Number of fixtures
required in each row N =
26
4
N = 6.5 ~ 7
Layout
plan of
lighting
fixtu
Diagram 4 : Artificial Lighting Contour Diagram of First floor mezzanine generated using
Ecotect
