project 7.docx

8/9/2019 project 7.docx

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Project Report

On

“Study and Development of Self Propelled

Module Transporters (SPMT)”

Bachelor of Technology Mechanical Engineering

(!"#$"%)

By

• NIRAJ KUMAR PANDEY 1100140057

• RAVI 110014007

• RAVI KUMAR 11001400!0

• VIJAI KUMAR "UP#A 1$00140!0$

&nder the 'uidance of

Pro%& N'()'* +),r-,

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ANAND ENGINEERING COLLEGE, AGRA (U.P.)


2/56

ET*+*,TE

#)'. '. to cert'%y t),t Mr& NIRAJ KUMAR PANDEY/ Mr& RAVI / Mr& RAVI KUMAR / Mr&

VIJAI KUMAR "UP#A ),e c,rr'e o2t %'n,* ye,r '..ert,t'on 3or( pre.ente 'n t)'.

pre*'-'n,ry report ent't*e “Study and Development of Self Propelled Module

Transporters (SPMT)” %or t)e ,3,r o% Bachelor of Technology %ro- Utt,r Pr,e.)

#ec)n'c,* Un'er.'ty/ 2c(no3/ 2ner -y .2per'.'on& #)'. report e-o'e. re.2*t o% or'6'n,*

3or( .t2'e. c,rr'e o2t y .t2ent )'-.e*% ,n content. o% t)'. report o not %or- t)e ,.'.

%or t)e ,3,r o% ,ny ot)er e6ree to t)e c,n',te or to ,nyoy e*.e&

Pro%& J,6'r +'n6) Pro%& N'()'* +),r-,

&O&D +UPERVI+OR

Mec),n'c,* En66& Dep,rt-ent Mec),n'c,* En66& Dep,rt-ent

D,te- An,n En6'neer'n6 8o**e6e

A6r, 9Utt,r Pr,e.):

,./012ED'EME/T


3/56

It 6'e. 2. , 6re,t .en.e o% p*e,.2re to pre.ent report o% Bec) project 2nert,('n6 2r'n6

Bec) %'n,* ye,r& ;e o3e .pec',* et o% 6r,t't2e to Pro%& N'()'* +),r-, / Dep,rt-ent o%

Mec),n'c,* En66/ An,n En6'neer'n6 8o**e6e A6r, %or )'. con.t,nt .2pport ,n 62',nce

t)ro26) o2t t)e co2r.e o% o2r 3or(& '. .'ncer'ty/ t)oro26)ne.. ,n per.eer,nce ),e een ,

con.t,nt .o2rce o% 'n.p'r,t'on %or 2.& It '. on*y )'. co6n'


4/56

Title Page /o3

1 8ert'%'c,te 0$

$ Ac(no3*e6e-ent 0>

> IN#RODU8#ION 05

4 I#ERA#URE REVIE; 0?5 DE+I"N 11

? ME#ODOO"Y $5

7 @EA#URE+ $5

! 8OMPONEN#+ $?

@RAME $7

10 "EAR MO#OR $!

11 "EAR #RAIN ME8ANI+M >1

1$ VER#I8A +A@# >4

1> JOY+#I8K >5

14 BA##ERY >

15 +;I#8 44

1? 8A8UA#ION 45

17 8O+# E+#IMA#ION 4

1! 8OMPE#ION O@ PROJE8# +8EDUE 50

1 APPI8A#ION+ 51

$0 8ON8U+ION 54

$1 RE@EREN8E 55

*/T0D&T*0/

#o,y 't '. ery ),r to tr,n.port 'n2.tr',* )e,y *o,. .2c) ,. t2r'ne./ o'*er./ prope**er./

6ener,tor./ c)e-'c,* to3er./ roc(et *,2nc)er. ,n ,ny ot)er co.t*y )e,y *o,. %ro- one

p*,ce to ,not)er& 8onent'on,* e)'c*e. ,re not 2.e %or -o'n6 .2c) )e,y *o,. 3)'c) ),e

)26e '-en.'on. 2e to *o, ,n .'?0 e6ree 'n ,ny

'rect'on =y< coor'n,teC& ere 3e 2.e 1 r'er -otor %or r''n6 t)e 6e,r. ,n 4/ ? ,n !

-otor. %or 3)ee* r''n6& #)'. e)'c*e '. oper,te y t)e e*ectr'c'ty .o 3e ,ttery or e*ectr'c

6ener,tor&

• A co-'n,t'on o% -2*t',=*e p*,t%or-.&


5/56

• 8o-p2teroper,te&

• P'ot. >?0 e6ree.&

• '%t./ c,rr'e./ .et. *,r6e)e,y *o,.&

• Moe. ,t 3,*('n6 .pee&

2*TE,T&E E6*E1

Mo2*,r tr,n.port,t'on 3,. %'r.t 'n't',te >5 ye,r. ,6o&

• #)e O%%.)ore 'n2.try 2.e. t)e -o2*,r concept %or ye,r. ,n .ere ,. ,n e=,-p*e %or

ot)er 'n2.tr'e.&

• +o-e o% t)e %'r.t on*,n p*,nt. 3ere tr,n.porte ,n 'n.t,**e 'n t)e M'*e E,.t&

• #)e tr,n.port e2'p-ent 2.e 3,. , %'r.t 6ener,t'on o% Mo2*,r #r,n.porter. ?- 3'e ,n

$- )'6)&

• In 1!4 , +e*% Prope**e Mo2*,r #r,n.porter 9+PM#: 3,. e.'6ne ,n -,n2%,ct2re 'n

"er-,ny&• #)'. tr,'*er ),. , )'6) c,p,c'ty/ '. e,.y to ,..e-*e c,n e -o'*'


6/56

#)e -,n,6e-ent o% +8EUERE ,n M,--oet ,. 3e** ,. t)e -,n,6e-ent ,n o3ner. o%

#II +,*e. ,n #II "ro2p -et ,t P%ee*,c) to ce*er,te t)e >0t) 'rt),y o% t)e

+8EUERE +e*%Prope**e Mo2*,r #r,n.porter 9+PM#:&

In t)'. re.pect/ M,--oet ),. een t)e 'n't',torF '% t)e $/01$ ,=*e *'ne. p2rc),.e

y M,--oet 3't) , tot,* *o,'n6 c,p,c'ty o% ,ro2n 100/000 t 3ere co2p*e to6et)er one

,%ter t)e ot)er/ t)en t)e >>0 - )'6) Ro.e #o3er 'n D2,' G one o% t)e t,**e.t 2'*'n6. 'nt)e 3or* G co2* e *o,e n'ne t'-e. oer& ;or*3'e/ -ore t),n !/000 +PM# ,=*e

*'ne. %ro- +c)e2er*e ,re 'n re62*,r 2.e/ ,n '-pre..'e %*eet o% e)'c*e. t),t H-oe. t)e

3or*&

No ot)er tr,n.port e)'c*e ),. reo*2t'on'


7/56

D2r'n6 t)e eo*2t'on o% t)e +PM# G 'n t)e -e,nt'-e/ e)'c*e. o% t)e %o2rt) 6ener,t'on ,re 'n

2.e +8EUERE 't.e*% ),. ,*.o ee*ope %2rt)er& A. p,rt o% t)e

6*o,* -,r(et *e,er #II "ro2p/ t)e P%ee*,c),.e co-p,ny e*on6. to , 6ro2p o%

co-p,n'e. t),t co-'ne. >>5 ye,r. o% e=per'ence 'n t)e )e,y tr,n.port .ector& #)'.

pro'e. , ro, port%o*'o ,n .yner6'e. %ro- proc2re-ent t)ro26) to .er'ce 3)'c)

ene%'t t)e c2.to-er& H#)e -o.t '-port,nt con.'er,t'on %or 2. '. to o%%er re*',*e pro2ct.

t),t -eet t)e nee. o% o2r c2.to-er./ ,ccor'n6 to +2.,nne Retten-,'er/ , -e-er o% t)e

#II "ro2p -,n,6e-ent o,r& HM,--oet .)o3. 3),t c,n e ,c)'ee 3't) o2r e)'c*e.&

M,--oet ,n +8EUERE ce*er,te t)e'r jo'nt .2cce.. on $?&0?&$01> 'n P%ee*,c)/ t)e

'rt)p*,ce o% t)e +PM#& Otto Retten-,'er/

3)o ,c2're +8EUERE 'n 1!! ,n .2.e2ent*y 'nte6r,te t)e 2.'ne..

'nto )'. #II "ro2p 'n 14/ 3,. ,*.o pre.ent on t)e occ,.'on o% t)'. -'*e.tone

,nn'er.,ry&#o,y/ 3e *oo( ,c( ,t , jo'nt .2cce.. .tory .tretc)'n6 ,c( oer >0 ye,r.& #)'.

'. not on*y , c,2.e %or ce*er,t'on 2t ,*.o ,n 'ncent'e not to re.t on o2r *,2re*.& 8*o.e

pro='-'ty to t)e c2.to-er 3'** ,*.o e o2r pr'or'ty 'n t)e %2t2re/ .,' t)e e'*ronn -2*t'

entreprene2r&

@or t)e >0t) B'rt),y o% t)e +e*%Prope**e Mo2*,r #r,n.porter 9+PM#:/ M,--oet o%%ere

one o% t)e %'r.t e*'ere e)'c*e. ,c( to +8EUERE ,. , pre.ent ,n .y-o* o% , *on6

ter-/ tr2.t,.e


8/56

Re*,t'on.)'p

>0 ye,r. o* ,n .t'** %2**y %2nct'on,*F One o% t)e %'r.t eer e*'ere +e*%Prope**e Mo2*,r

#r,n.porter. 9+PM#: t),t 3,. 6'en to +8EUERE y M,--oet 2r'n6 t)e ce*er,t'on 'n

P%ee*,c)/ t)e 'rt)p*,ce o% t)e +PM#&

#o6et)er 3't) t)e 'n'te 62e.t. %ro- M,--oet/ 'n p,rt'c2*,r J,n K*ejn 9M,--oet 8)'e%

E=ec2t'e O%%'cer:/ er-,n +-'t 9M,--oet 8)'e% Oper,t'n6

O%%'cer:/@r,n. +e6eren 9M,--oet M,n,6'n6

D'rectorNor3,y:/ 2o Mo2. 9M,--oetD'rector o% Oper,t'on.:/

M,rt'jn #2'te* 9M,--oet Proc2re-ent M,n,6er:/ M'c)e* Bo. 9M,--oet M,'nten,nce

M,n,6er: ,n %or-er M,--oet e-p*oyee. P'et ,n Aert

9Ret're M,--oet Pro%e..'on,*: ,n J,n "o--er. 9Ret're M,--oet Pro%e..'on,*:/ ,*on6

3't) ,n.jr6 N,6e* 9%or-er +8EUERE +,*e. M,n,6er ,n V'cePre.'ent:/ 3)o 3,.

re.pon.'*e %or t)e +PM# .t,rt2p >0 ye,r. ,6o/ t)e ,nn'er.,ry 3,. .2't,*y ce*er,te 3't)

, po.'t'e *oo( ,c( ,t t)e p,.t t)ree ec,e. 'n t)e pre.ence

o% t)e Retten-,'er %,-'*y/ +8EUERE M,n,6'n6 D'rector.+2.,nne +c)*e6e* ,n


9/56

Anre,. Ko)*er ,. 3e** ,. Bern +c)3en6.'er 9#II +,*e. "ener,* M,n,6er:/ Dr& A=e*

M**er 9#II "ro2p "ener,* M,n,6er: ,n R,'ner +,..e 9Are, +,*e. M,n,6er:&

ost$effective through technological superiority

A*e to ,cco--o,te e=tre-e*y )e,y *o,./ e,.y to co2p*e/ tec)n'c,**y -,t2re

,n co-'n,*e 3't) t)e 3or*C. *,r6e.t %*eet o% e*ectron'c,**y.teere .e*% prope**e -o2*,r

tr,n.porter.& +PM#. %ro- +8EUERE -,(e , 6oo '-pre..'on not on*y 2r'n6

tr,n.port,t'on ,..'6n-ent. 2t ,*.o 3)en t,('n6 'nto con.'er,t'on t)e'r )'6) *ee* o%

econo-'c,* e%%'c'ency 2r'n6 2.e& #)'. '. 62,r,ntee t)ro26) t)e ,'*'ty to %ree*y co-'ne

,** e)'c*e 6ener,t'on. ,n n2-ero2. co2p*'n6 opt'on. ,. 3e** ,. t)e po..''*'ty o% *o,'n6

onto %*,t r,c(. t)o26) cont,'ner.2't,*e e=tern,* '-en.'on. ,n 2n-,tc)e ro2.tne..& I%

one con.'er. t)e Htot,* co.t o% o3ner.)'p oer t)e ent're .er'ce *'%e o%

, +8EUERE +PM#/ t)'. p2t. t)e e)'c*e 3e** ,)e, o% t)e co-pet't'on )'. '. ,*.o

re%*ecte 'n t)e 3'e.pre, 2.e .pec',* tr,n.port co-p,n'e. 3or*3'e re*y on -ore t),n

10/000 -o2*,r tr,n.porter ,=*e *'ne. %ro- t)e #II "ro2p& #)e 2.e

o% +8EUERE -o2*,r tr,n.porter. 'n connect'on 3't) contro* tec)no*o6y ,*.o

ee*ope y +8EUERE/ -,='-'


10/56

• P*,nt t2rn,ro2n *o6'.t'c.

• '%t'n6 ,n tr,n.port,t'on .er'ce.

• +,*,6e ,n 3rec( re-o,*

• Deco--'..'on'n6 o% on ,n o%%.)ore 'n.t,**,t'on.

• #r,'n6 'n ne3 ,n 2.e e2'p-ent 3or*3'e

M,--oet '. (no3n %or t)e 2n'2e .'


11/56

Are,&


12/56

Temporary Shoring Bents at Staging ,rea

#)e te-por,ry .)or'n6 ent. 9.2pport.: .)o2* e e.'6ne 2.'n6 t)e AA+#O "2'e

De.'6n +pec'%'c,t'on. %or Br'6e #e-por,ry ;or(.& E*e,t'on to*er,nce. .)o2* e .pec'%'e&

#)e te-por,ry .2pport. -2.t pro'e e2,* *o, '.tr'2t'on ,-on6 e,-. ,n ),e

,e2,te %o2n,t'on c,p,c'ty to preent .ett*e-ent e%ore/ 2r'n6/ ,n ,%ter con.tr2ct'on o%

t)e .2per.tr2ct2re& Mon'tor'n6 .)o2* e 'n p*,ce to etect .ett*e-ent&

#)e '.t,nce et3een te-por,ry .2pport. -2.t e t)e .,-e ,. et3een t)e %'n,*

.2.tr2ct2re.& #)e c,p. o% te-por,ry .2pport. 3'** e con.tr2cte 3't) e,- e,r'n6 .e,t. 'n

t)e .,-e re*,t'e po.'t'on ,. p*,n e*e,t'on. %or cro...*ope/ .2pere*e,t'on/ ,n 6r,e& #)e

e,-. .)o2* .'t on t)e .,-e e,r'n6 p,. or con%'62r,t'on o% e,r'n6. 2.e 'n t)e %'n,*

*oc,t'on&

#)e te-por,ry .2pport. -2.t pro'e , -'n'-2- 5%t 91&5-: c*e,r '.t,nce %ro- t)e 6ro2n

.2r%,ce to t)e otto- o% t)e e,-. to ,**o3 t)e +PM#. to -oe 2ner t)e .p,n. %or *'%t'n6&

#)e c,p. o% t)e te-por,ry .2pport. -2.t e ,t *e,.t 4&$5 %t 91&$ -: 3'e to ,cco--o,te

*oc('n6 .t,c(. ,n j,c(. %or *'%t'n6& #)e c,p. -2.t pro'e , %*,t .2r%,ce to ,**o3 ,** j,c(. to

e ,t t)e .,-e e*e,t'on&

An ,.2'*t %'e* .2rey .)o2* e con2cte to er'%y '-en.'on. ,n re*,t'e e*e,t'on.&

Prefa7ricated Superstructures

#e-por,ry .2pport con't'on. %or t)e .2per.tr2ct2re ,re to e t)e .,-e ,. %'n,* .2pport

con't'on./ 'nc*2'n6 '-en.'on./ cro...*ope/ .2pere*e,t'on/ ,n 6r,e& A**o3,*e e*e,t'on

to*er,nce o% e,- pee.t,* .)o2* e pro'e&

on6't2'n,*/ )or'


13/56

Dec8s

8on.'er,t'on .)o2* e 6'en to .c)e2*'n6 ec( c,.t'n6 to en.2re proper %'n,* ec(

to*er,nce. to,**o3 ,j2.t-ent. %or t)e ,.2'*t con't'on& A port'on o% t)e ec( ,t t)e en. o% t)e .p,n/ %or e=,-p*e/ 5 %t 91&5 -: %ro- t)e en./ -,y e c,.t 'n p*,ce ,%ter t)e .p,n. ,re

'n.t,**e& #)'. c,n %,c'*'t,te 'n.t,**,t'on/ ,**o3 %*e=''*'ty %or jo'nt et,'*./ ,n re.2*t 'n

'-proe r'e,'*'ty& E=,-p*e p*,n .)eet et,'*. %or , c,.t'np*,ce ec( c*o.2re po2r opt'on

to %,c'*'t,te .p,n %'t2p ,re 'n Appen'= B& An ,'t'on,* .,cr'%'c',* t)'c(ne../ %or e=,-p*e/

0&5 'n 91&$ c-:/ .)o2* e con.'ere 'n t)e ec( e.'6n to ,cco--o,te 6r'n'n6 to ,c)'ee

r'e,'*'ty& @or -2*t'e,- .p,n./ t)e concrete ec(. -2.t ,tt,'n e.'6n co-pre..'e .tren6t)

e%ore *'%t'n6& @or tr2.. or ,rc) .p,n./ ec(. -,y e con.tr2cte ,%ter t)e -oe to re2ce .e*%

3e'6)t 2r'n6 t)e -oeL r,c'n6 -2.t e ,e2,te to preent e=ce..'e '.tort'on&

Su7structures

8,.t'np*,ce .2.tr2ct2re. -2.t e 2'*t 3't)'n to*er,nce. to ,**o3 p*,ce-ent o%

.2per.tr2ct2re. 3't) ,e2,te c*e,r,nce&

,llo9a7le Temporary Stresses and Deflections

'%t'n6 ,n -o'n6 , r'6e 3't) +PM#. 2.2,**y re.2*t. 'n , con't'on 'n 3)'c) t)e r'6e

3'** e te-por,r'*y .2pporte ,t *oc,t'on. t),t ,re not t)e %'n,* .2pport po'nt.& #)e e.'6ner

.)o2* c)ec( t)e r'6e 2ner t)e.e te-por,ry .2pport con't'on.& +tr2ct2r,* -e-er. 3'**

*'(e*y .ee .tre.. reer.,*. t),t -,y e etr'-ent,*& An '-p,ct %,ctor .)o2* e ,e to t)e

e, *o, to ,cco2nt %or -oe-ent on 2neen .2r%,ce.L , ,*2e o% ,t *e,.t 15 percent '.

reco--ene& #)e ,n,*y.'. .)o2* ,*.o ,cco2nt %or t)e +PM# )yr,2*'c .y.te-/ 3)'c) 3'**

e..ent',**y pro'e e2,* e,r'n6 ,t e,c) .2pport& #)'. '. e.pec',**y tr2e %or *,r6er r'6e.

3)ere -2*t'p*e .et. o% 'nterconnecte +PM#. ,re propo.e& #)e +PM#. 3'** pro'e .o%t

.2pport %or t)e r'6e& Appropr',te .pr'n6 coe%%'c'ent. nee to e ,pp*'e ,t e,c) .2pport .o

t),t t)e r'6e 3'** e=per'ence e..ent',**y e2,* re,ct'on.& #)'. 3'** re.2*t 'n , re'.tr'2t'on

o% e, *o, .tre..e. 'n t)e r'6e& #)e e.'6ner .)o2* c,*c2*,te ,n .pec'%y ,n ,cc2r,te

r'6e 3e'6)t/ e.pec',**y %or *,r6e r'6e.& @or e=,-p*e/ , .tee* %,r'c,torC. e.t'-,te. ,re not

%or t)e %'n'.)e pro2ct ec,2.e c2tt'n6 3,.te ),. not een 'nc*2eL t)e %'n,* 3e'6)t o% e,c)

p'ece '. not eter-'ne 2nt'* t)e .)op r,3'n6. ,re co-p*ete& +'-p*e r2*eo% t)2- 3e'6)t

e.t'-,te. %or 'te-. .2c) ,. cro.. %r,-e. ,n ',p)r,6-. -,y not e 6oo eno26)/ ,n t)e3e'6)t o% , co,t'n6 .y.te- ,*one c,n e .2.t,nt',*& Acc2r,cy '. neee to pro'e ,n

,e2,te *'%t'n6 oper,t'on& #)e contr,ctor .)o2* pro'e t)e j,c('n6 %orce. ,n proce2re.

%or *'%t'n6 , .2per.tr2ct2re %ro- 't. te-por,ry .2pport. to 't. .ett'n6 )e'6)t e%ore 'n.t,**,t'on/

,n t)e j,c('n6 proce2re. %or *o3er'n6 , re-oe .2per.tr2ct2re %ro- 't. .ett'n6 )e'6)t to ,

*o3er )e'6)t %or e-o*'t'on& #)e contr,ctor .)o2* pro'e ,n,*y.'. o% j,c('n6/ -o'n6/ ,n

erect'on *o,. to en.2re t),t te-por,ry .tre..e. ,n e%*ect'on. ,re 3't)'n ,**o3,*e ,*2e.

%or t)e r'6e ,n t),t t)e r'6e '. ,e2,te*y re'n%orce to ),n*e t)e c,*c2*,te te-por,ry

.tre..e. 3't)o2t cr,c('n6 9%or e=,-p*e/ ec( ten.'*e .tre..:& #)e ,n,*y.'. .)o2* 'nc*2e t)e

n2-er o% j,c('n6 to3er. ,t t)e en. o% t)e .p,n/ t)e j,c('n6 %orce per j,c(/ ,n t)e *oc,t'on.

o% t)e j,c(. ,*on6 t)e e,- *en6t)& J,c(. ,t e,c) en ,re to e connecte to e,c) ot)er to

p2.) ,n .2pport e2,* *o,.& #)e +PM#. 3'** typ'c,**y *'%t t)e r'6e .p,n. ,. ne,r to t)e


14/56

%'n,* .2pport po.'t'on. ,. po..'*e to -'n'-'


15/56

ec,2.e .)or'n6 c,n e re,'*y po.'t'one 2nerne,t) t)e .p,n 'n t)e .t,6'n6 ,re,&

'6)t3e'6)t ,66re6,te c,n ,*.o e 2.e 'n t)e.e .y.te-. to re2ce .e*% 3e'6)t&

Superstructure omposite Dead 2oad Design

+'nce t)e e,-. ,re ne,r t)e 6ro2n ,n ,3,y %ro- tr,%%'c on t)e'r te-por,ry .2pport. 'n t)e.t,6'n6 ,re,/ t)ey c,n e,.'*y e .)ore 2nerne,t) e%ore ec( con.tr2ct'on %or co-po.'te

e, *o, e.'6n to '-proe cro...ect'on e%%'c'ency& +)ore con.tr2ct'on pro'e. re.'.t,nce

o% t)e ec( .e*%3e'6)t y t)e ent're .2per.tr2ct2re cro...ect'on ,n c,n 'ncre,.e 6'rer

e%%'c'ency y >0 percent or -ore/ ,**o3'n6 t)e e*'-'n,t'on o% , e,- or t3o per .p,n or t)e

2.e o% .),**o3er e,-. %or *o3er %'** )e'6)t.& #)e.e e%%'c'enc'e. 3'** re2ce t)e

.2per.tr2ct2re e, *o, %or *'%t'n6 ,n ),2*'n6/ potent',**y re2'r'n6 %e3er +PM# 2n't. ,n

re2c'n6 6ro2n e,r'n6 re2're-ent.& @'62re 5 .)o3. , co-po.'te e, *o, e.'6n concept

%or e,-. .)ore ,t -'.p,n 2r'n6 ec( c,.t'n6& It .)o2* e note t),t .o-e +t,te. o not

,**o3 .)ore co-po.'te con.tr2ct'on to ,cco--o,te %2t2re reec('n6 3't)o2t .2pport.&+)or'n6 %or co-po.'te ,ct'on '. re2're on*y 2nt'* t)e ec( re,c)e. 't. e.'6n .tren6t)& #)e

e.'6n ,n con.tr2ct'on o% t)e .)or'n6 -2.t pro'e 6eo-etry contro*. to en.2re e2,* *o,

'.tr'2t'on ,-on6 e,-. ,n to ,o' '%%erent',* .ett*e-ent& E*e,t'on to*er,nce. .)o2* e

.pec'%'e& #e-por,ry .)or'n6 .)o2* e e.'6ne 2.'n6 t)e AA+#O "2'e De.'6n

+pec'%'c,t'on. %or Br'6e #e-por,ry ;or(.&

&se of 2ight9eight ,ggregate

Anot)er 3,y to re2ce t)e .2per.tr2ct2re e, *o, '. y 2.'n6 *'6)t3e'6)t concrete& U.'n6

*'6)t3e'6)t ,66re6,te c,n re2ce t)e typ'c,* 145 to 150 po2n. per c2'c %oot 9*%t>:

9$/>$$&? to $/40$&7 ('*o6r,-. per c2'c -eter 9(6->:: en.'ty o% nor-,*3e'6)t concrete to

115 to 1$0 *%t> 91/!4$&1 to 1/$$&$ (6->: %or .tr2ct2r,* *'6)t3e'6)t concrete& Re2c'n6 t)e

concrete en.'ty o% t)e ent're .2per.tr2ct2re 9pre.tre..e e,-./ ec(/ ,rr'er./ etc&: co2*

re.2*t 'n , re2ct'on 'n e, *o, o% ne,r*y $0 percent t),t 3o2* *'(e*y re2ce t)e re2're

n2-er o% +PM# 2n't. ,n co2* ,*.o re2ce 6ro2n co-p,ct'on re2're-ent.&

8o.t co-p,r'.on. .)o2* e per%or-e to eter-'ne t)e ene%'t o% t)e re2ce 3e'6)t on

e2'p-ent ,n co-p,ct'on re2're-ent. er.2. t)e ,'t'on,* co.t o% t)e *'6)t3e'6)t


16/56

concrete& E=,-p*e c,*c2*,t'on. %or co-p,r'n6 t)e tot,* r'6e 3e'6)t ,n e.t'-,te co.t

pre-'2- %or , r'6e 3't) nor-,*3e'6)t concrete ,n *'6)t3e'6)t concrete ,re 'n Appen'=

Bridge euse oncepts

@re2ent*y r'6e. ,re rep*,ce ,.e on 'ncre,.e )'6)3,y c,p,c'ty re2're-ent. 3e** e%ore t)ey ),e re,c)e t)e'r 2.e%2* .er'ce *'%e& #)e ,'*'ty to *'%t ,n r'e ,n ent're .'n6*e

or -2*t'p*e.p,n r'6e 'nto po.'t'on 3't) +PM#. e=p,n. t)e potent',* 2.e o% r'6e. to

-ore t),n one *oc,t'on& 8on.'er co2* e 6'en 'n t)e e.'6n o% r'6e .p,n. to %,c'*'t,te

t)e'r re*oc,t'on 'n t)e %2t2re to ,re.. tr,%%'c nee. -ore 2'c(*y ,n ,t *o3er co.t&

@'62re ? .)o3. , r'6e re2.e concept 'n 3)'c) +PM#. ,re 2.e to -oe t3o e='.t'n6 t)ree

.p,n .e6-ent,* r,'e r,-p. o2t3,r onto ne3 .2pport. to %,c'*'t,te t)e 3'en'n6 o% ,n

Inter.t,te )'6)3,y&


17/56

&

Br'6e .p,n re2.e concept.Inter.t,te )'6)3,y 3'en'n6 e=,-p*e& co2rte.y o% %Dot


18/56

0ther Efficiencies

A't'on,* e%%'c'enc'e. ,re po..'*e 3't) t)e 2.e o% +PM#. to -oe r'6e.& @or e=,-p*e/ to

,o' -oe-ent o% e,r'n6 p,. 2r'n6 p*,ce-ent o% t)e e,-. on t)e'r %'n,* .2pport./ t)e

e,r'n6 p,. c,n e 6*2e or ot)er3'.e ,tt,c)e to t)e e,- en. e%ore erect'on onto t)e'r

te-por,ry .2pport. ,t t)e .t,6'n6 ,re,& #)e -et)o o% ,tt,c)-ent -2.t en.2re t),t t)e p,.

3'** not et,c) 2r'n6 *'%t'n6 ,n ),2*'n6 to t)e %'n,* *oc,t'on&

ontracting *ssues

#)e 2.e o% +PM#. to -oe r'6e. -,y e 'ncorpor,te 'nto ,** type. o% contr,ct./ %ro-

typ'c,* e.'6n'2'* to e.'6n2'* to ot)er 'nno,t'e type. o% contr,ct.&

+PM# co-p,n'e. typ'c,**y 3or( ,. .2contr,ctor. to t)e pr'-e r'6e contr,ctor/ pro''n6

en6'neer'n6 .er'ce. ,n oper,tor. 3't) t)e'r e2'p-ent to en.2re r'6e -oe. t),t ,re

3't)'n t)e re2're .pec'%'c,t'on. %or t)e jo&

onstruction Scheme

@or ,cce*er,te r'6e con.tr2ct'on project./ t)e o3ner .)o2* .)o3 one %e,.'*e con.tr2ct'on

.c)e-e to -oe t)e r'6e 'n t)e contr,ct oc2-ent./ ,n ,**o3 contr,ctorpropo.e

.o*2t'on. y p*,n note ,. *on6 ,. t)e .o*2t'on. -eet t)e tr,%%'c contro* p*,n c*o.2re 3'no3.

,n ot)er project re2're-ent.& #o c),n6e t)e con.tr2ct'on .c)e-e/ t)e contr,ctor -2.t

pro'e .'6neG,n.e,*e ,n,*y.e. ,n et,'*. %or ,ppro,*&

A*tern,t'e*y/ t)e o3ner co2* pro'e ot) conent'on,* con.tr2ct'on et,'*. ,n et,'*. %or

-o'n6 t)e r'6e 3't) +PM#. 'n t)e contr,ct oc2-ent. ,. ,n opt'on to e 2.e ,t t)e

contr,ctorC. '.cret'on or ,. ,n ,*tern,te to e ' ,6,'n.t t)e conent'on,* con.tr2ct'on

et,'*.&

A t)'r ,*tern,t'e 3o2* e to pro'e contr,ct oc2-ent. t),t .)o3 conent'on,*

con.tr2ct'on/ ,n y p*,n note ,**o3 t)e contr,ctor to .2-'t , con.tr2ct'on -et)o '%%erent

%ro- conent'on,* con.tr2ct'on& #)'. ,*tern,t'e '. *'(e*y to re.2*t 'n -ore conent'on,*

con.tr2ct'on '. .'nce contr,ctor. ,re 6e,re 2p %or conent'on,* con.tr2ct'on project &


19/56

Staging ,rea

#)e r'6e o3ner .)o2* 3or( 3't) *,no3ner. to en.2re t),t ,t *e,.t one .t,6'n6 ,re, t),t

),. , %e,.'*e p,t) to t)e %'n,* r'6e *oc,t'on '. ,,'*,*e& I% t)e r'6e o3ner (no3. 't 3'**

2.e .pec'%'c *,n %or .t,6'n6/ 't .)o2* ,c2're t)e *,n e%ore t)e '& In%or-,t'on on t)e .'te

.)o2* e 'nc*2e 'n t)e contr,ct oc2-ent./ 3't) ,**o3,nce %or contr,ctor opt'on. to

propo.e ,n .ec2re ,*tern,te *oc,t'on. '% 't ene%'t. t)e contr,ctorC. oper,t'on.& #)e r'6e

o3ner .)o2* pro'e r,3 6eotec)n'c,* or'n6 'n%or-,t'on ,n ,re.. e='.t'n6 2t'*'ty

con%*'ct. ,. re2're& Un*e.. .pec'%'e ot)er3'.e 'n t)e p*,n./ t)e contr,ctor '. re.pon.'*e %or

%'n,* ne6ot',t'on. 3't) t)e *,no3ner %or 2.'n6 t)e .t,6'n6 ,re, 2r'n6 t)e project&

#)e 6ro2n .2r%,ce .)o2* e re*,t'e*y *ee* ,t t)e .t,6'n6 ,re, 3)ere t)e r'6e '.

con.tr2cte ,n ,*on6 t)e tr,n.port ro2te et3een t)e .t,6'n6 ,re, ,n t)e r'6eC. %'n,*

*oc,t'on& #)e contr,ctor -2.t en.2re t),t t)e .t,6'n6 ,re, ,n t)e ro2te o% t)e *o,e +PM#.

),e 3e**co-p,cte .o'*& #e-por,ry p,e-ent or .tee* p*,te. 2ner t)e *o, -,y ,*.o e2.e to en.2re ,e2,te 6ro2n .2pport& Re*y'n6 .o*e*y on .tee* p*,te. 3o2* re2're , *,r6e

n2-er o% p*,te. or ,n e%%'c'ent proce.. o% p*,c'n6 t)e p*,te. 'n t)e p,t) o% t)e *o,e +PM#.

to -,'nt,'n , re,.on,*e -oe-ent .pee&

SPMT E;uipment Payment Strategies

#)e o3ner .)o2* con.'er 'nc*2'n6 +PM# e2'p-ent ,n re*,te .er'ce. ,. , ' 'te- 'n

t)e contr,ct oc2-ent. to reco6n'


20/56

Self Propelled Modular Transportation (SPMT) in :eavy 2ift

transportation

Petro chemical components on land&

D2r'n6 *o,o2t./ t)ey ,re o%ten 2.e ,. e)'c*e to r'e )e,y *o, co-ponent. %ro- t)e

2,y onto t)e ,r6e& One tr,'*er con.'.t. o% '%%erent -o2*e. %ro- 4 or ? ,=*e *'ne. 3't) ,

c,p,c'ty o% >? 2p to 4! ton. per ,=*e *'ne e,c)& +PM#. ),e t)e po..''*'ty o% c'rc*e r'e

,ro2n t)e centre o% t)e tr,'*er or e=ec2te cr, -oe.&

#)e *'%t'n6 )e'6)t o% )e,y *o, co-ponent. '. ,ppro=& 500 --&

D2e to t)e'r ,r'ety o% co-'n,t'on./ t)ey c,n *'%t ,n -oe ne,r*y eery )e,y *o,

co-ponent&

A .e*%prope**e -o2*,r tr,n.porter or .o-et'-e. .e*%prope**e -o2*,r tr,'*er 9+PM#: '. ,

p*,t%or- e)'c*e 3't) , *,r6e ,rr,y o% 3)ee*.& +PM#. ,re 2.e %or tr,n.port'n6 -,..'e

oject. .2c) ,. *,r6e r'6e .ect'on./ o'* re%'n'n6 e2'p-ent/ -otor. ,n ot)er oject. t),t ,re

too '6 or )e,y %or tr2c(.& #r2c(. c,n )o3eer pro'e tr,ct'on ,n r,('n6 %or t)e +PM#.

on 'nc*'ne. ,n e.cent.&

+PM#. ,re 2.e 'n -,ny 'n2.try .ector. 3or*3'e .2c) ,. t)e con.tr2ct'on ,n o'*

'n2.tr'e./ 'n t)e .)'py,r ,n o%%.)ore 'n2.try/ %or ro, tr,n.port,t'on/ on p*,nt con.tr2ct'on

.'te. ,n een %or -o'n6 o'* p*,t%or-.&

A typ'c,* +PM# c,n ),e , 6r' o% .eer,* o


21/56

een %,r'c,te on .'te/ , p'ece ,t , t'-e& In t)e 170./ )o3eer/ en6'neer. 3or('n6 on

o%%.)ore project. ee*ope tec)n'2e. o% -o2*,r'.,t'on/ 3)'c) .,3 )26e p'ece. o%

e2'p-ent 2'*t on *,n ,t %,r'c,tor.C y,r. ,n t)en c,rr'e to t)e'r *oc,t'on on ,r6e.&

+'nce t)e -'1!0./ t)e.e tec)n'2e. ),e e62n to e 2.e 'n , ne3 3,y %or on.)ore

project.&

In t)e )yro.t,t'c r'e .y.te-. 2.e y +PM#./ t)e en6'ne po3er. , )yro.t,t'c p2-p& A

.er'e. o% )yr,2*'c connector. *'n(. t)e po3er p,c( 2n't 9PPU: to t)e 'n''2,* +PM#./

3)ere , -otor conert.

t)e %*2' %*o3 ,c( 'nto rot,t'on,* -oe-ent& #)'. -e,n. t),t po3er c,n e tr,n.-'tte %ro-

t)e PPU to -,ny tr,n.porter -o2*e./ ,n t),t t)e ent're co-po2n o% *'n(e tr,n.porter.

c,n e -oe to ery %'ne to*er,nce./ 3't)o2t t)e 6e,r.)'%t. o% , -ec),n'c,* tr,n.-'..'on&

;)en t)e oper,tor 3,nt. to reer.e t)e -,c)'ne/ t)e )yr,2*'c %*o3 '. reer.e&

#)e .2.pen.'on %or e,c) ,=*e '. ,*.o *'n(e to t)e )yr,2*'c .y.te-/ ,**o3'n6 t)e +PM#. to e

r,'.e ,n *o3ere& ;)en t)e +PM# nee. to cro.. ,n o.t,c*e/ .2c) ,. , r,-p/ t)e PPU c,n

e r,'.e ,t ,n ,n6*e/ to 'ncre,.e 't. c*e,r,nce& #)e .2.pen.'on c,n (eep t)e ent're +PM#

*ee*/ 3't) ,=*e. r,'.'n6 ,n *o3er'n6 ,. t)ey cro.. t)e o.t,c*e&

+teer'n6 '. co-p2ter contro**e/ 3't) , r,n6e o% .teer'n6 pro6r,-./ ,n po3ere y t)e

)yr,2*'c. %ro- t)e PPU& #)e.e c,n 'nc*2e tr,n.er.,* r'e/ 3't) t)e +PM# t2rn'n6 -ore ,t

one en t),n t)e ot)er/ c'rc2*,r or c,ro2.e* r'e/ 3't) t)e +PM# t2rn'n6 on , po'nt/ or ot)er

,r',nt. 3't) t)e +PM# t2rn'n6 on , po'nt ,t/ .,y/ t)e %ront *e%t ,=*e&

+PM# 8),r,cter'.t'c.


22/56

# 3 Transport

8o-ponent. '-en.'on. ,n 3e'6)t. ,re cont,'nerc,p,*e %or co.te%%ect'e tr,n.port

t)ro26)o2t t)e 3or*& o3eer -o'*' 3 ,?le Type

+e*%prope**e -o2*,r tr,'*er. co-e 'n t3o type.F 4 ,=*e ,n ? ,=*e& A=*e. con.'.t o% > type.F

prope**e/ r,(e ,n %ree3)ee*'n6&

Prope**e A=*e type +PM#F In t)'. .y.te-/ A=*e. o% +PM# 6et. po3er y po3er p,c( 2n't

,n .t,rt %2nct'on'n6&

Br,(e A=*e type +PM#FIn t)'. .y.te-/ ,=*e. ,*3,y. re-,'n. 'n r,(e po.'t'on/ ,t t)e t'-e

o% -oe-ent/ t)ey 6et 2nr,(e ,n t)en 6ot po3ere y po3er p,c( 2n't&

@ree ;)ee*'n6F In t)'. .y.te-/ A** ,=*e re-,'n. 'n %ree po.'t'on& Br,('n6 ,n Acce*er,t'on

.ep,r,te*y contro**e y Po3er p,c( 2n't&

@3 ,?le ontrol

E,c) ,=*e '. contro**e 'nepenent*y y t)e co-p2ter .teer'n6 .y.te- ,**o3'n6 t)e tr,'*er. to

-oe 'n .eer,* prepro6r,--e .teer'n6 -oe./ or -,n2,* contro* -oe.& ;'t) t)'. .y.te-

tr,'*er. c,n e co-'ne -ec),n'c,**y or .ep,r,te/ .t'** ,ct'n6 ,. one 2n't& #)'. ,**o3. %or

,ny conce',*e .teer'n6 -oe-ent& #r,'*er c,n ,*.o e r,'.e or *o3ere 2p to>00--& #)e.e

%2nct'on. ,re oper,te y , re-ote contro* 2n't&

1& +e*ect'on o% A=*e co-'n,t'onF

@o**o3'n6 po'nt. nee. to e con.'ereF

1& E,c) A=*e *'ne. ),. ! #'re. Q One ,=*e *'ne '. > - 3'e&

$&Net Aer,6e P,y*o, ,ppro= $5>0 # per ,=*e *'ne S>&1$5>&75 ton t're&

>& Aer,6e o3n 3e'6)t o% .'n6*e ,=*e *'ne ,ppro= >5 ton epen'n6 on M,n2%,ct2rer.

-oe*&

4& ;e** (no3n -,n2%,ct2rer. ,re "o*)o%er/ +c)e2er*e/ 8o-etto ,n N'co*,.&

5& #)e tr,'*er. c,n e o26)t 'n -

5& #)e tr,'*er. c,n e o26)t 'n -o2*,r 2n't. o% >/4/5/? ,n !*'ne. o% >>&5 - 3'e&


23/56

?& #)e ,=*e *'ne '.t,nce ,r'e. %ro- ,ppro= 1&40 - to 1&!0 - epen'n6 on t)e ,pp*'c,t'on

,n -,n2%,ct2rer&

7& In In',/ Per-'..'*e *o, *'-'t per ,=*e *'ne 9 ! ;)ee*.: '. 1>&5 M# on '6)3,y.&

A=*e +et. ,re ,,'*,*e 'n t3o -o2*e F

4 A=*e. +et Q ? A=*e. +et& On t)e ,.e o% e2'p-ent '-en.'on/ t)e.e ,=*e .et. c,n e

con%'62re ,. per re2're-ent&

D'-en.'on o% 4,=*e .et 9Appro='-,te: F

en6t)F 5&? - / ;'t)F$&4> - / e'6)tF 1&5 T &> -

en6t)F !&4 - / ;'t)F$&4> - / e'6)tF 1&5 T &> -


24/56

MET:0D020'A

• @'r.t 3e t,(e t)e p,r,-eter %or >(6 *o,&

• "e,r '.t,nce -o2nt'n6&

• 3)ee* c),.e. ,re,&

• 8),.e. re'n%orce &

• ;)ee* -o2nt'n6 )e'6)t&

• B,** e,r'n6 p*,ce-ent %or 3)ee* ,=*e

• A..e-*e ,** t)e co-ponent&

+eatures

1: Moe. 'n ,ny 2neen .2r%,ce y ,j2.t'n6 t)e 3)ee*. ,='.&

$: 'ne,r -oe-ent on t)ree ,='. y c),n6'n6 t)e .teer'n6 ,n6*e o% t)e 3)ee*.&

>: ;)ee* ,='. ,re .ync)ron'


25/56

COMPONENTS

#)e e.'6n con.'.t. o% %o**o3'n6 p,rt.

• "e,r Motor.

• "e,r 8o-'n,t'on.

• B,** Be,r'n6.

• Vert'c,* +),%t ;)ee*.

• B,ttery

• Joy.t'c(

• P8B

• +),%t

• @r,-e

+rame


26/56

• +PM#C. %r,-e '. t)e -,jor c,rry'n6 p,rt. 3)'c) 3ere e.'6ne 2ner t)e

con.'er,t'on o% t)e )e,y*o, con't'on&

• #)e %r,-e %e,t2re. ,nt'-o-ent o= .),pe ,n 't. .tr2ct2re .tren6t) ,n r'6''ty 3,.

opt'-'


27/56

"e,r -otor re%er. to , co-'n,t'on o% , -otor p*2. , re2ct'on 6e,r tr,'n& #)e.e ,re o%ten

conen'ent*y p,c(,6e to6et)er 'n one 2n't& #)e 6e,r re2ct'on 96e,r tr,'n: re2ce. t)e .pee

o% t)e -otor/ 3't) , corre.pon'n6 'ncre,.e 'n tor2e& It '. , D8 type 6e,r -otor&

'eared dc instrument motor

#)e 1>0! 6e,re 'n.tr2-ent c -otor '. 'e,**y .2'te to , 3'e r,n6e o% ,pp*'c,t'on.

re2'r'n6 , co-'n,t'on o% *o3 .pee oper,t'on ,n co-p,ct 2n't .'


28/56

pro'e. re*',*e oper,t'on oer , 3'e ,-'ent te-per,t2re r,n6e ,n '. e2'ppe 3't) ,

re,r .),%t e=ten.'on to 3)'c) , .pee or po.'t'on .en.or -,y e ,tt,c)e& #)e 1>0! 2n't o%%er.

, r,n6e o% 6e,r r,t'o opt'on. %or oper,t'n6 .pee. %ro- 5 100 rp- ,n '. 'e,**y .2'te to

,pp*'c,t'on. 3)ere , co-'n,t'on o% )'6) tor2e/ co-p,ct .'


29/56

,n %,'* 'n , re*,t'e*y .)ort t'-e& #)ere%ore 't '. '-port,nt t),t t)ere '. .o-e %or- o%

protect'on

,6,'n.t )'6) te-per,t2re r'.e.& A -otor. ,.'c r,t'n6 po'nt '. .*'6)t*y *o3er t),n 't.

-,='-2- e%%'c'ency po'nt& o, tor2e c,n e eter-'ne y -e,.2r'n6 t)e c2rrent r,3n

3)en t)e -otor '. ,tt,c)e to , -,c)'ne 3)o.e ,ct2,* *o, ,*2e '. (no3n& ;e 3'** .e*ect t)e

-o.t .2't,*e -otor %or yo2r ,pp*'c,t'on ,%ter rece''n6 yo2r 'n%or-,t'on&

'ear train mechanism

A 6e,r tr,'n '. %or-e y -o2nt'n6 6e,r. on , %r,-e .o t),t t)e teet) o% t)e 6e,r.

en6,6e& "e,r teet) ,re e.'6ne to en.2re t)e p'tc) c'rc*e. o% en6,6'n6 6e,r. ro** on

e,c) ot)er 3't)o2t .*'pp'n6/ pro''n6 , .-oot) tr,n.-'..'on o% rot,t'on %ro- one

6e,r to t)e ne=t&

"e,r. ,re t)e -o.t co--on -e,n. 2.e %or po3er tr,n.-'..'on #)ey c,n e ,pp*'e

et3een t3o .),%t. 3)'c) ,re

P,r,**e*


30/56

8o**'ne,r

Perpen'c2*,r ,n 'nter.ect'n6

Perpen'c2*,r ,n non'nter.ect'n6

Inc*'ne ,t ,ny ,r'tr,ry ,n6*e

"e,r. ,re -,e to )'6) prec'.'on &P2rc),.e %ro- 6e,r -,n2%,ct2rer. r,t)er t),n -,e 'n)o2.e o3eer 't '. nece..,ry to e.'6n %or , .pec'%'c ,pp*'c,t'on .o t),t proper .e*ect'on

c,n e -,e U.e to e c,**e toot)e 3)ee*. ,t'n6 ,c( to $?00 &c&

Ve*oc'ty r,t'o '. e%'ne ,. t)e r,t'o o% rot,t'on,* .pee o% t)e 'np2t 6e,r to t),t o% t)e

o2tp2t 6e,r

Vr S Ve*oc'ty r,t'oNp Dp

Np S N2-er o% teet) on p'n'on

N6 S N2-er o% teet) on 6e,r Dp S P'tc) ',-eter o% p'n'on

D6 S P'tc) ',-eter o% 6e,r

6elocity atios and 'ear Trains

• @or t)e .et o% %o2r 6e,r. .)o3n e*o3/ c,*c2*,te o2tp2t .pee/ o2tp2t

tor2e/ ,n )or.epo3er %or ot) 'np2t ,n o2tp2t con't'on. ,n oer,**&

P'tc) c'rc*eF '. t)e '-,6'n,ry c'rc*e on 3)'c) -o.t 6e,r c,*c2*,t'on. ,re -,e& ;)en t3o

6e,r. -eet t)e'r p'tc) c'rc*e. ,re t,n6ent to e,c) ot)er

P'tc) ',-eter 9Dp: ,n p'tc) r,'2. 9r:F #)e.e ,re t)e ',-eter ,n r,'2. o% t)e p'tc)

c'rc*e&


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P'tc) po'ntF #)e po'nt on t)e '-,6'n,ry *'ne jo'n'n6 t)e center. o% t)e t3o -e.)'n6 6e,r.

3)ere t)e p'tc) c'rc*e to2c)&

Aen2- c'rc*eF It '. t)e c'rc*e t),t o2n. t)e o2ter en. o% t)e teet) ,n 3)o.e center

'. ,t t)e center o% t)e 6e,r &

Deen2-N c'rc*eF It '. t)e c'rc*e t),t o2n. t)e otto-. o% t)e teet) ,n 3)o.e center

'. ,t t)e center o% t)e 6e,r &Aen2- 9,:F '. t)e r,',* '.t,nce %ro- t)e p'tc) c'rc*e to t)e o2ter en o% t)e teet)&

Deen2- 9:F '. t)e r,',* '.t,nce %ro- t)e p'tc) c'rc*e to t)e otto- o% t)e teet)&

8'rc2*,r p'tc) 9Pc:F '. t)e '.t,nce et3een corre.pon'n6 po'nt. on ,j,cent teet)

-e,.2re ,*on6 t)e p'tc) c'rc*e &

D',-etr,* p'tc) 9P:F .pec'%'e. t)e n2-er o% teet) per 'nc) o% p'tc) ',-eteroot)

.p,ceF '. t)e .p,ce et3een t)e ,j,cent teet) -e,.2re ,*on6 t)e p'tc) c'rc*e &

#oot) t)'c(ne..F '. t)e t)'c(ne.. o% t)e toot) -e,.2re ,*on6 t)e p'tc) c'rc*e &

@,ce 3't) 9;:F '. t)e *en6t) o% t)e toot) -e,.2re p,r,**e* to t)e 6e,r &

@,ceF '. t)e .2r%,ce et3een t)e p'tc) c'rc*e ,n t)e top o% t)e toot) &

@*,n(F '. t)e .2r%,ce et3een t)e p'tc) c'rc*e ,n t)e otto- o% t)e toot) &Pre..2re ,n6*e 9:F '. t)e ,n6*e et3een t)e *'ne o% ,ct'on ,n , *'ne t,n6ent to t)e t3o

p'tc) c'rc*e. ,t t)e p'tc) po'nt&

'ne o% ,ct'onF '. t)e *oc2. o% ,** t)e po'nt. o% cont,ct et3een t3o -e.)'n6 teet) %ro-

t)e t'-e t)e teet) 6o 'nto cont,ct 2nt'* t)ey *o.e cont,ct&

P'n'onF '. t)e .-,**er o% t)e t3o -e.)'n6 6e,r.&

B,c(*,.)F '. t)e '%%erence 9c*e,r,nce: et3een t)e toot) t)'c(ne.. o% one 6e,r ,n t)e

toot) .p,ce o% t)e -e.)'n6 6e,r -e,.2re ,*on6 t)e p'tc) c'rc*e

8*e,r,nce 9c:F '. t)e ,en2- -'n2. een2-&

;or('n6 ept)F '. t)e '.t,nce t),t one toot) o% , -e.)'n6 6e,r penetr,te. 'nto t)e toot)

.p,ce&B,.e c'rc*eF '. ,n '-,6'n,ry c'rc*e ,o2t 3)'c) t)e toot) 'no*2te pro%'*e '.

ee*ope&

@'**etF '. t)e r,'2. t),t occ2r. 3)ere t)e %*,n( o% t)e toot) -eet. t)e een2- c'rc*e&

Mo2*eF rep*,ce. ',-etr,* p'tc) 'n -etr'c .y.te-&

+2--,ry

#o 2ner.t,n t)e 6e,r. one .)o2* e %,-'*',r 3't) t)e 6e,r ter-'no*o6y&

+p2r 6e,r. ,re -o.t co--on*y 2.e %or tr,n.-'..'on o% po3er& +pee o% -,t'n6 6e,r. '.'ner.e*y proport'on,* to t)e n2-er o% teet)& M,t'n6 6e,r. .)o2* ),e t)e .,-e

',-etr,* p'tc)&A n2-er o% 6e,r -,n2%,ct2r'n6 -et)o. ,re ,,'*,*e& "oo 6e,r e.'6n

.)o2* t,(e c,re o% t)e po3er/ .pee/ *'%e ,n -,ter',* propert'e.&


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6ertical Shaft


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IKE ORION#A +A@# I# #RAN+MI# PO;ER @ROM MO#OR #O

;EE

I# I+ A88EERA#ED BY +PUR "EAR

#)e ert'c,* .),%t '. .2pporte y 2pper ,n *o3er e,r'n6.

IN OUR PROJE8# #E MA#ERIA O@ VER#I8E

+A@# I+ MADE O@ MID +#EE

Joystick


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• ) joystick is an inp*t devie onsisting o# a sti+ that pivots on a

ase and reports its angle or diretion to the devie it is ontrolling

• -oysti+s are *sed #or ontrolling !ahines s*h as ranes, tr*+s,

*nderwater *n!anned vehiles, wheelhairs, s*rveillane a!eras

et&


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• 'n S&P&MT& .e *se analytial /oysti+ whih has ontin*o*s !otion

!ove!ent in any diretion in the plane or the spae

• .here as the digital /oysti+ gives signals #or #o*r dierent

diretions

Joysticks working

The asi idea o# a /oysti+ is to translate the !ove!ent o# a plasti

sti+ into eletroni in#or!ation a o!p*ter an proess& -oysti+s

are *sed in all +inds o# !ahines, inl*ding 1(2 fghter /ets,a+hoes and wheelhairs& 'n this artile, we4ll e #o*sing on

o!p*ter /oysti+s, *t the sa!e priniples apply to other sorts o#

/oysti+s&

&


36/56

Working of joysticks

The vario*s /oysti+ tehnologies dier !ainly in how !*h

in#or!ation they pass on& The si!plest /oysti+ design, *sed in

!any early ga!e onsoles, is /*st a speiali5ed eletrial swith

This asi design onsists o# a sti+ that is attahed to a plasti ase

with a 6e7ile r*er sheath& The ase ho*ses a ir*it oard that

sits diretly *nderneath the sti+& The ir*it oard is !ade *p o#

several 8printed wires,8 whih onnet to several ontat ter!inals&

9rdinary wires e7tend #ro! these ontat points to the o!p*ter&

The printed wires #or! a si!ple eletrial ir*it !ade *p o# several

s!aller ir*its& The ir*its /*st arry eletriity #ro! one ontat

point to another& .hen the /oysti+ is in the ne*tral position (( when

yo*4re not p*shing one way or another (( all *t one o# the individ*al

ir*its are ro+en& The ond*tive !aterial in eah wire doesn4t

:*ite onnet, so the ir*it an4t ond*t eletriity&

Eah ro+en setion is overed with a si!ple plasti *ttonontaining a tiny !etal dis& .hen yo* !ove the sti+ in any

diretion, it p*shes down on one o# these *ttons, pressing the

ond*tive !etal dis against the ir*it oard& This loses the

ir*it (( it o!pletes the onnetion etween the two wire setions&

.hen the ir*it is losed, eletriity an 6ow down a wire #ro! the

o!p*ter ;or ga!e onsole


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Battery


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• In +&P&M# 3e 3'** 2.e 'Ion ,ttery 3)'c) '. 2.e %or D8-otor/Joy.t'c( etc&

• A *'t)'2-'on ,ttery '. , -e-er o% , %,-'*y o% rec),r6e,*e ,ttery type. 'n 3)'c)

*'t)'2- 'on. -oe %ro- t)e ,noe to t)e c,t)oe 2r'n6 '.c),r6e ,n ,c( 3)en

c),r6'n6

+pec'%'c,t'on ? Q 4&5 A-p&

e,,c' ,tter'e.


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Electrical conduction mechanisms

e, ,n *e,'o='e ,re 6oo e*ectr'c,* con2ctor.& #)e con2ct'on -ec),n'.- '. ',

e*ectron. j2-p'n6 et3een ,to-. )e e*ectro*yte cont,'n. ,2eo2. 'on. 9TM ,n +O4

$:& #)e con2ct'on -ec),n'.- 3't)'n t)e e*ectro*yte '. ', -'6r,t'on o% 'on. ', '%%2.'on or

r'%t&

#)e c)e-'c,* re,ct'on 9H),*% re,ct'on: ,t t)e *e, e*ectroe

#)'. re,ct'on re*e,.e. net ener6y E0 S 0&>5? eV

t)e H"'. %ree ener6y/ 2ner .t,n,r

con't'on. 9# S $!K/ concentr,t'on S 1

-o*,r:

Un't.F Ener6y S 9c),r6e:9o*t,6e:Ener6y 'n eV S 9c),r6e o% e*ectron:91 V:

+o t)e c),r6e o% t)e ,2eo2. .2*%,te 'on '. tr,n.%erre to t3o con2ct'n6

e*ectron. 3't)'n t)e *e, e*ectroe/ ,n ener6y '. re*e,.e&


40/56


41/56

harging E?ternal source of electric Po9er

8onnect'on o% ,n e*ectr'c,* po3er .o2rce %orce. e*ectron. to %*o3 %ro- po.'t'e to ne6,t'e

ter-'n,*.& #)'. 'ncre,.e. t)e c),r6e ,n t)e o*t,6e. ,t t)e e*ectroe.

#)e c)e-'c,* re,ct'on. ,re r'en 'n t)e reer.e 'rect'on/ conert'n6 e*ectr'c,* ener6y 'nto

.tore c)e-'c,* ener6y A. t)e ,ttery '. c),r6e/ t)e *e, .2*p),te co,t'n6 on t)e e*ectroe.'. re-oe/ ,n t)e ,c' e*ectro*yte eco-e. .tron6er

D'.c),r6'n6

8onnect'on o% ,n e*ectr'c,* *o, ,**o3. e*ectron. to %*o3 %ro- ne6,t'e to po.'t'e ter-'n,*.&

#)'. re2ce. t)e c),r6e ,n t)e o*t,6e. ,t t)e e*ectroe.& #)e c)e-'c,* re,ct'on. ,re ,*e to

procee 6ener,t'n6 ne3 e*ectron. ,n 6ener,t'n6 t)e po3er t),t conerte to e*ectr'c,* %or-

to r'e t)e e=tern,* e*ectr'c,* *o, A. t)e ,ttery '. '.c),r6e/ t)e e*ectroe. eco-e co,te

3't) *e, .2*p),te ,n t)e ,c' e*ectro*yte eco-e. 3e,(er&


42/56


43/56

S9itch

05&5?4&0>05


44/56

S9itch Terminology

+'n6*e Po*e 9+P:F A .3'tc) e'ce t),t open./ c*o.e. or c),n6e. connect'on. 'n , .'n6*e

con2ctor o% ,n e*ectr'c,* c'rc2't&

Nor-,**y Open 9NO:F A -o-ent,ry type .3'tc) 'n 3)'c) one or -ore c'rc2't. ,re open 3)en

t)e .3'tc) ,ct2,tor '. ,t 't. nor-,* or re.t po.'t'on&Do2*e Po*e 9DP:F A .3'tc) e'ce t),t open./ c*o.e. or c),n6e. connect'on. 'n ot)

con2ctor. o% t)e .,-e c'rc2't&

Nor-,**y 8*o.e 9N8:F A -o-ent,ry type .3'tc) 'n 3)'c) one or -ore c'rc2't. ,re c*o.e

3)en t)e .3'tc) ,ct2,tor '. ,t 't. nor-,* or re.t po.'t'on&

#3o 8'rc2't 9$ 8IR:F A .3'tc) e'ce t),t open./ c*o.e. or c),n6e. connect'on. 'n , .'n6*e

con2ctor o% t3o 'nepenent c'rc2't.& A*tern,te Act'on 9Do2*e Act'on P2.):F P2.) to -,(e/

t)en p2.) to re,(/ , c'rc2't&

+'n6*e #)ro3 9+#:F A .3'tc) e'ce t),t open./ c*o.e. or co-p*ete. , c'rc2't ,t on*y one

Po3er R,t'n6. %or +3'tc)e.F #)e c2rrent o% t)e e=tre-e po.'t'on. o% 't. ,ct2,tor& ,n*'n6

c,p,'*'ty o% , .3'tc) -e,.2re 'n ,-pere./ )or.epo3er/ *,-p *o, or Do2*e #)ro3 9D#:F A .3'tc) e'ce t),t co-'n,t'on. o% t)e.e 3't) ,pp*'c,*e o*t,6e.&

Open./ c*o.e. or co-p*ete. , c'rc2't ,t ot) e=tre-e po.'t'on. o% 't. ,ct2,tor&

Act2,torF A *eer/ p2.)2tton/ .*'e/ tr'66er or ot)er -e,n. y 3)'c) ,n e=tern,* %orce '.

,pp*'e to oper,te , .3'tc) -ec),n'.-&

#o66*e +3'tc)e.

Ver.,t'*e to66*e .3'tc) %,-'*y 3't) -2*t'p*e po.'t'on con%'62r,t'on.&

• A,'*,*e 'n .'n6*e or o2*e po*e&

• Per%ect %or 'n2.tr',* e2'p-ent or e-er6ency *'6)t'n6&

• 1W $ -o2nt'n6 )o*e re2're&

• +pec'%'c,t'on.F 10 A/ $77 V A8 $0 A/ 1$5 V A8L 758 -,=& te-p

#o66*e +3'tc) 8oer

#o26) EDPM r2er coer. to protect .3'tc)e. %ro-

-o'.t2re/ 2.t ,n 'rt&

• B2'*t'n )e= n2t ,.e .cre3. onto ,** "BX to66*e .3'tc)e.&

+3'tc)e.

Do2*e In.2*,te/ P*,.t'c #o66*e +3'tc)e.

Do2*e 'n.2*,te %or -o'.t2re protect'on 'n ,** en'ron-ent.&

• Intern,* HO r'n6 e.'6n %or -o'.t2re ,n 2.t re.'.t,nce&

• Per%ect %or -,r'nerecre,t'on,* e2'p-ent ,n 3e,t)erre.'.t,nt ,pp*'c,t'on.&• +pec'%'c,t'on.F 10 A/ $77 V A8 $0 A/ 1$5 V A8L 758 -,=& te-p r,t'n6

9ON:O@@9ON: +p,e

Mo-ent,ry 8ont,ct P2.)B2tton +3'tc)e. B,.'c p2.)2tton .3'tc) %,-'*y 2t'*'


45/56

PB

• A pr'nte c'rc2't o,r -ec),n'c,**y .2pport. ,n e*ectr'c,**y connect. e*ectron'c

co-ponent. 2.'n6 con2ct'e tr,c(./ p,. ,n ot)er %e,t2re. etc)e %ro- copper

.)eet. *,-'n,te

• P8B e.'6n/ ,..e-*y/ ,n 2,*'ty contro* %o**o3. .t,n,r. p2*'.)e y t)e IP8or6,n'


46/56


47/56


48/56

0ST EST*M,T*0/

8o-ponent +pec'%'c,t'on 2,nt'ty Appro='-,te co.t

Dr'e 6e,r -otor ?1$V 10rp- 4&$(6 tor2e1&5,-p

1 450

;)ee* r'e -otor ?1$V ?0rp- $&7(6 tor2e

1&5,-p

4 >50Z4S1400

+tee* ,** e,r'n6 1'nc) ? 1$0Z?S7$0

N2t o*t 10-- ? 45Z?S$70

;)ee* $'nc)e 4 40Z4S1?0

6e,r 4'nc) 7 1?0Z7S11$0

,ttery ?o*t/ 4&5,-p )r.& 1 400

joy.t'c( $ 75Z$S150

'-'t c'rc2't 1 >50

;ooen c),.e. 1 150

#ot,* co.t 5170

0MP2ET*0/ 0+ P0ET S:ED&2E

Project top'c 140!$014

A.tr,ct .2-'..'on 1!0!$014


49/56

Intro2ctory Q *'ter,ry 'e3 1110$014

8o.t ,n,*y.'. ,n -,r(et .2rey 1411$014

@,r'c,t'on 070$$015

#e.t'n6 1>0$$015

Mo'%'c,t'on $10>$015

@'n,* De-on.tr,t'on $$04$015

+eatures-

Moe. 'n ,ny 2neen .2r%,ce y ,j2.t'n6 t)e 3)ee*. ,='.&

'ne,r -oe-ent on t)ree ,='. y c),n6'n6 t)e .teer'n6 ,n6*e o% t)e 3)ee*.&

;)ee* ,='. ,re .ync)ron'


50/56

• Joy.t'c( contro*&

• E*ectr'c Dr'e&

• E,.y to oper,te&

• 8,n e -oe 'n ,ny 'rect'on&

,PP2*,T*0/

• In2.tr',* 'n.t,**,t'on

• e,y *o, -oe-ent.&

• Roc(et *,2nc)er 'n.t,**,t'on&

• Mo'n6 'n%r,.tr2ct2re&

• M'*'t,ry oper,t'on.&


51/56


52/56


53/56


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E+EE/E

)ttpF,p2.&*'62'e.&co-'ne=&p)p

-,'*toF*'r,r',n[,p2.&e2

M,n2,* on U.e o% +e*%Prope**e Mo2*,r #r,n.porter. to Re-oe ,n Rep*,ce Br'6e.

)ttpF333&.c)e2er*e&co-enpro2ct.ne3e)'c*e.p*,ntcon.tr2ct'on&)t-*

)ttpF333&n'co*,.&%ren)o-epre..pre..t)e%,.c'n,t'ono%r'6econ.tr2ct'onn'co*,.

'no*e'nt)e2'*'n6o%t)ec)on6'r'6e'nc)'n,17%%c?,c$>&)t-*

RI+A >D .o%t3,re y RI+A #ec)no*o6'e.&

K,-,6 #r,n.porter Det,'*. G 'n( )ttpF333&-,--oet&co-p*,,tje.PD@.?!&p%

RI+A >D .o%t3,re y RI+A #ec)no*o6'e.&

333&,*e)e,y*'%t&co-

)ttpFe-&t.2&e2c,t,*o60!c,t,*o6$0\*'er,*\,rt.&p%

333&nor'ccr,ne&no3pcontent2p*o,.&&&N8"#r2c(.#r,'

,crony-.&t)e%ree'ct'on,ry&co-+e*%TPrope**eTMo2*,rT#r,n.porte

n*c3&p2*'.)p,t)&co-spmt$014reference%or-

)ttp.Foo(.&6oo6*e&co&'noo(.]'.nS>5404?5>5

333&,c*3e&or6,nt)o*o6y;0?1?0?

333&-,--oet.,*,6e&co-&&&M,--oet\+,*,6e\Project\reference \*'.

)ttp.F333&*'n(e'n&co-&&&#I%2*,n6j'eSPMT .Mo2*,rtr,'*eryo2r

)ttp.Fcr,-erry&net.et.1!5$spmt >>>c)!e),'or'nor6,n'


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