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A study of effectiveness of the programme
developed for I
s t
standard students toimprove, use of articles in English.
This report is submitted for the partial fulfillment
of the D.Ed course.
By:Tilekar Madhura
Std: S.Y.D.T.Ed
Div: B
Roll.No: 02
Guide:
Mrs.Shehnaaz shaikh
Submitted to:
M.C.E Society Junior College Of Ed ucation
(English Medium)
Azam Campus, Camp,Pune-411001.
July-2013.
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INDEX
No of thechapter
Chapters PageNo
Tit leCert i f icateSelf declarat ionAcknowledgementList of TablesList of Appendices
1 Introduct ion/ topics of research1 .1 I nt ro du ct io n/ ba ck gr ou nd1.2 Need of the problem1.3 Importance of the
problem1.4 Statement of the
problem1 .5 O pe ra ti on al d ef in it io n1.6 Object ives1.7 Assumptions and
Hypothesis1.8 Sample1 .9 Sc op e a nd L im it at io n
2 Review of relatedl i terature
2.1 Review of relatedl it er at ur e f or r es ea rc h
work2.2 Innovat ions and
u se fu ln es s o f r es ea rc hwork
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3 Implementat ion of
research3 .1 Re se ar ch Me th od ol og y3.2 Sample3 .3 T oo ls an d T ec hn iqu es of
Action Research3.4 Remedial measures
4 Collect ion of I nf or ma ti on a nd da ta ,i t s Analysis andSynthesis
4.1 Presentat ion of information and data
4.2 Analysis andinterpretat ion
4.3 Conclusion
5 Summary, Conclusion,Recommendation
5.1 Summary5.2 Conclusion5.3 Recommendation/
Suggest ion5.4 Suggest ion for fur ther
research
Reference and Appendix* List of the reference
books/ bibl iography* Appendix
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List of Appendix:
Page.noA List of studentsB Marks of pre-test and post-testC Deviation of pre-test and post-test scoresD Pre-test paperE Post-test paperF Permission letterG Certificate of completion
Certificate
This i s to cer ti fy tha t T il ekar Madhura , S td :S.Y.D.T.Ed, Div: B, Roll.No: 02 has completed the
repor t wr i t ing on A s tudy of ef fec t iveness of the
programme developed for I s t standard students to improve,
use of ar ticales in English of Action Research for
academic year 2012-2013.
Name of the Guide: Shehnaaz Shaikh
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Signature:
Signature of Principal:
Self Declaration
I , Ti lekar Madhura, Std: S.Y.D.T.Ed, Div:B Roll .No-
02, has submit ted my Act ion Research repor t toM.C.E. Socie ty Junio r Co ll ege Of Educa tion
(English Medium) Pune411001.
Date:
Sign of Researcher :
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Acknowledgement
I am grateful to Almighty God for giving me the ability
to complete my research work in time . I am very grateful to
my subject teachers Mrs. Aateka. Khan and Mrs. Shehnaaz. Shaikh
for giving their valuable guidance as in explaining each chapter in
detail and giving us valuable information and details of how the
research work has to be done. I am grateful to the principal of
Shantabai Ladkat School, the primary supervisor, the teachers and
students who co-operated and gave their precious time, to
complete my research .
I am also thankful to my principal Mrs. Sabrina. Khan for
her co-operation.
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION / TOPIC OF RESEARCH
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION / TOPIC OF
RESEARCH
Page. no
1 .1 I nt ro du ct io n/ ba ck gr ou nd1.2 Need of the problem1 .3 I mp or ta nc e o f t he pr ob le m1 .4 S ta te me nt o f t he p ro bl em1 .5 O pe ra ti on al d ef in it io n
1.6 Object ives1 .7 A ss um pt io ns an d H yp ot he si s1.8 Sample1. 9 S co pe an d L imi ta ti on
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION / TOPIC OF
RESEARCH
1.1 Introduction:
English language is the most widely spoken language
in the world. It is used as either a primary or secondary
language in many countries.
During the1500s,fewer than 2mil l ion people spoke
English.All of them lived in what is now United
Kingdom.Through the centur ies,as the resul t of var ious
histor ical events, English spread throughout the world.
Today,about 400 mi l l ion people speak Engl ish as the i r
native language.Another 100million people,chiefly l iving
in India, Pakistan and in many African countr ies,
speak English in addition to their own language,because
of thi s we s ee mo st of the p eo ple in In di a who fi nd
problems while communicating in English.
English language is a window to the world as now-a-
days English language is used in every aspect of life.
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1.2 Need of the problem:
Need to learn using Articles:
It is needed because you want to change your practice . You
may be concerned that things might not be going as you wish,
or you may need to implement a new initiative but are ensure
how to do it effectively . What you want is a way of sorting
out these concerns that offers practical solutions , but that derivesfrom the specific circumstances of your practice . You know that
someone elses solution may have merits , but that is never quite
right for the individual situation within which you work . You
know that practice is always influenced by context . The act of
finding your solution makes you understand your practice better-
not only what you are doing , but also the factors that affect
what you do . Action research therefore has two aspects . The
starting point is to sort out a problem or issue in practice ; to
this extent an Action Researcher seeks a solution . But the
process can also be used as a deliberate attempt to understand
practice better- a traditional research attitude.
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1.3 Importance of the problem
Importance of using Articles :
The aim of an action researcher is to bring about
development in her. practice by analyzing existing practice and
identifying elements for change.
.
It helps to speak grammatically correct sentence.
To develop creativity in student.
To create interest in English subject.
To help the students to understand the concept more
clearly and easily.
It helps to develop English language.Student can acquire
the knowledge of grammar.
1.4 Statement of the Problem:-
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A studyof effectiveness of the programme developed
f o r I s t s tandard s tudents to improve use of Ar t ic les in
English.
1.5 Operational Definition: -
Effectiveness: -
(Meaning from the Oxford Dictionary) producingthe intended result, impressive, striking.
Programme:-
(Meaning from the Oxford Dictionary) a set of
instructions that you plan to do.
I s t standard students :-
Students who have passed U.K.G standard & are
currently studying in I s t standard.
Articles:-
(Meaning from the Oxford Dictionary) The
Adjective a or an and the are usually called as Article.
1.6 Objectives:
To find difficulties of students while using Articles.
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To develop a program to improve use of Articles.
To study the effectiveness of the programme developed.
1.7 Assumption:-
Students know about vowels and consonants.
Standard 1 s t textbook is appropriate for students.
1.7 Hypothesis: -
Research Hypothesis
I f the researcher gives adequate pract ice for
understanding the concept of Articles through the program
developed then students concept will improve.
Null Hypothesis
If the researcher gives adequate practice for
under st anding the concept o f Art ic le s through the
program developed then students concept will not
improve.
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1.8 Sampling:
Population:
Shantabai Ladkat School Standard I s t .
Sample:
One division of English medium Shantabai Ladkat
School
20 Students of first standard.
Method of Selecting Sample:
The researcher uses purposive sampl ing method to
select the sample.
1.9 Scope and Limitations
SCOPE
This research wil l be benef icial to the teachers
for helping students to use correct Articles.
This research will be beneficial to the students to
wr i te cor rec t Ar t ic les and i t wi l l g ive them
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confidence to express their thoughts in their own
words.
This research will be beneficial to the society as
it will help each and every person.
LIMITATIONS
The r esea rc h i s l im it ed t o o nl y t he f ir st s ta nd ar d
students of Shantabai Ladkat School of Pune district.
The r esea rch i s l imi t ed to 20 s tuden t s o f d iv i s ion B
only.
The research is l imited to Balbharati std. I s tbook only.
References:
Prof. Limaye Tusharika, Engl ish (First Language) ,Dip loma in Teacher Education , N ir al i P rakashan ,
2008.
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The World Book Encyclopedia, E Volume 6 , A Scot t
Fetzer company.
The World Book Encyclopedia SO-Sz Volume 18 , A
Scott Fezer company, 1995.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
Page. no
2.1 Review of related l i terature for
research work
2.2 Innovat ions and usefulness of
research work
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2.1 Review Of Related Literature For
Research Work
Research if we break this word we get Re
which means again and search which means to find,
thus the term research is finding out something more,
different and new than that which already exists, thus
in action research, the researcher should have the
knowledge of the steps in research and also he should
find out whether other researchers have already worked
on the same subject, their method of work for the
research, their tools and materials because a researcher
will be successful in his research only when it is
different from the earlier research.
One of the important steps in the planning of any
research study is a careful review of the research work
we collect the information from the different sources
for example;
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Books :
Books which are related to the researchers topic
give a lot of information as in what steps can be
taken to solve the problems new and innovative ideas.
The World Book Encyclopedia Volume 6 (E)
Pg 277 English language
English language is the most widely spoken
language in the world. I t is used as either a primary
or se condary language in man y countries.
During the 1500s, fewer than 2million people
spoke English. All of them l ived in what is now
United Kingdom. Through the centuries, as the result
of various historical events, English spread throughout
the world. Today, about 400 mil l ion people speakEnglish as their native language. Another 100million
people, chiefly living in India, Pakistan and in many
African countries, speak English in addition to their
own language, because of this we see most of the
people in India who find problems while
communicating in English .
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English, Diploma in Teacher Education First year
- Prof. Tusharika Limaye Pg
E ngl is h la ng uag e i s a win dow t o t he wor ld as now-
a-days English language is used in every aspect of
l ife.
Action Research and Innovations .
- Arvind. L. Kapole
- Bansi Bihari Pandit
Pg 2.8, 2.9 Review of Related Material
the researcher should have the knowledge of the steps
in research and also he should find out whether other
researchers have already worked on the same subject,
their method of work for the research, their tools andmaterials because a researcher will be successful in
his research only when it is different from the earlier
research.
Thesis
The researcher can refer to Thesis of other
senior researchers and develop a programme whichwill be more effective and cover the drawbacks faced
in their research work. The new researcher will get a
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lot of information about the methods, programme
developed by the previous researchers.
Internet:
The quickest and fastest mean to get
information about the problem and its solutions is the
in ternet the researcher can eas i ly ge t what he /she
wants by us ing the in ternet .
2.2 Innovat ion And Usefulness Of Research
Work
Innovat ion:
To i n n ov a t e m e a ns t o i n t ro d u ce n e w t h i ng s .
Innovation i s an idea or a pract i ce perce ived
as new by the adopter
T h e r e se a rc he r h a s b ro ug ht i n no va t io n i n t h e
t r a d i t i o n a l m e t h o d s o f t e a c h i n g A r t i c l e s i n t h i s
research by the fo l lowing ways;
Teach ing Ar t i c l e s to s tuden t s on ly a f t e r theyknow the cor rec t meaning , pronuncia t ion of
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t he word . (Th i s can be done wi th the he lp o f
audio v isual a ids)
Giving the s t udents enough t ime t o v isual ize the
word .
Ask the s t udents to wr i te down t he word neat ly
and cor rec t ly .
Using the word in many sentences .
Usefulness Of Research Work:
Th i s r e sea r c h i s u se fu l m a i nl y f o r s t u de n t s o f
t h e p r i m a r y c l a s s e s a s i t w i l l h e l p t h e m t o
deve lop conf idence to wr i t e co r r ec t Ar t i c l e s anda l so be use fu l to them to pen down the i r own
thoughts as in wr i t ing appl ica t ion based answers .
T h is r es e ar ch w il l b e m or e u s ef u l f or t h os e
students who are week in Engl i sh .
T h i s r e s e a r c h w i l l h e l p s t u d e n t t o t r y n e w
word.
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T hi s r es ea rc h w il l h el p t ea ch er s t o t ea ch
Art ic les by g iv ing games which are very
ef fec t ive and usefu l .
References:
Alan. S. Brown, Department of Psychology , Southern
Methodist University, Vol 2, No 4, 1990
Arvind L . Kapole and Bansi B ihar i Pandi t, Action
Research and Innovations , Nirali Prakashan, 2007
Prof. Limaye Tusharika, Engl ish (First Language) ,
Dip loma in Teacher Education , Nira li Prakashan,
2008.
The World Book Encyclopedia, E Volume 6 , A Scot t
Fetzer company.
The World Book Encyclopedia SO-Sz Volume 18 , A
Scott Fezer company, 1995.
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CHAPTER III
IMPLEMENTATION OF RESEARCH WORK
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CHAPTER III IMPLEMENTATION OF
RESEARCH
WORK
Page.no
3.1 Research Methodology
3.2 Sample3.3 Tools and Techniques of Action
Research3.4 Remedial measures
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CHAPTER III IMPLEMENTATION OF
RESEARCH
WORK
3.1 Research Methodology:
Research methods can be ca l l ed p lann ing and
execu t ion under t aken by the r esea rcher to so lve a
sp e ci f i c r e sea r c h p r o bl e m . Th e r e sea r c h p r ob l e mcan be pas t o r i en ted , p resen t o r i en ted o r fu tu re
o ri en te d. T hu s o n t he b as is o f c on cl us io ns ,
r esea rch methods a re d iv ided in to th ree g roups as
g iven under :
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Historical Research Method:
This r e sea rch i s based on the ex i s t ing f ac t sbased on the past h is to ry l ike a resea rch on
t h e i n s t i t u t i o n w h e r e i n , t h e r e se a r c h e r w i l l
have to f ind ou t the name o f the founder the
year of es tab l i shment e tc .
Survey/ Descript ive Research Method:
This r e sea rch i s done mos t ly on soc ia l and
cur ren t p rob lems f aced by the peop le , i n th i s
r e se a r c h a su r v e y i s d o n e b y t a k i n g p u b l i c
o pi ni on . M os tl y i n t hi s r es ea rc h o nl y
suggest ions are g iven to so lve the problem.
Experimental Research Method:
The r esea rch In which e f f ec t o f one f ac to r
on the o the r i s s tud ied i s ca l l ed Exper imen ta l
Re sea r c h . I n s c i en t i fi c t e rm s , e x p er i m en t a l
r e se ar c h m ea n s e x am i ni n g t he h y po th e si si nd ic at in g t he c au se a nd e ff ec t r el at io n.
E xp er im en ta l R es ea rc h i s c on du ct ed t o
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u n de r st a nd t h e e f fe c ts o f t he f a ct or s l i ke
t e a c h i n g m e t h o d s , e d u c a t i o n a l i n s t r u m e n t s o r
tools used whi le teaching .
Character ist ics of Experimental Research:
For mak ing a compara t ive s tudy o f exper imen ta l
and con t ro l l ed se t s , a min imum of two se t s a r e
requi red . This he lps in f inding out the ef fec t of
the ac t ion t aken and in a ssess ing as to which
act ion i s more ef fec t ive .
T h e a c t i o n a n d t o w h a t e x t e n t i t i s t o b e
taken i s dec ided by the r esea rcher . In o the r
words , i ndependen t va r i ab les a r e hand led by
the researcher only .
I t i s n ot p os si bl e t o h an dl e i nd ep en de nt
va r i ab les l ike sex d i sc r imina t ion , age soc ia l and
economical condi t ions .
S e t s o r g r o u p s a r e d i v i d e d e q u a l l y b y u s i n g
random sampl ing method.
Exte rna l va r i ab les tha t a r e no t inc luded in the
s t u dy b u t w h ic h c a n a f fe c t t h e d e p en d a nt
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v a r i a b l e s a r e c o n t r o l l e d b y u s i n g t h e c o n t r o l
process . In exper imenta l research , only oneindependen t va r i ab le i s a r r anged fo r con t ro l l ing
t h e o t h e r v a r i a b l e . I f t h i s i s n o t d o n e , t h e
f a c t o r m a k i n g t h e e f f e c t c a n n o t b e i d e n t i f i e d
pos i t ive ly .
I n a n e xp er im en ta l s tu dy , t he r es ea rc he r
m a n i p u l a t e s a t l e a s t o n e i n d e p e n d e n t v a r i a b l e ,
con t ro l s o the r r e l evan t va r i ab les and obse rves the
ef fec t on one var iab le .
-Gay (1992)
T h e r e se a rc h er h a s s e le c te d t h e e xp e ri m en t al
research method because of the fo l lowing reasons;
T he r es ea rc he r i s s tu dy in g t he e ff ec t o f
p ronunc ia t ion .
In exper imen ta l r e sea rch method the r esea rcher
w r i t e s d o w n H y p o t h e s i s t h a t i s a c o n d i t i o n a l
s t at e me nt m a de o r a s t at e me n t a s su mi n g t h epos i t ive resu l t of the r esearch .
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I n e x p e r i m e n t a l r e se a r c h t h e r e se a r c h e r u se s
sampl ing methods , conduc t s p re - t e s t , pos t - t e s t ,
a n d g i v e s t h e p r o g r a m m e d e v e l o p e d t o so l v e
the problem.
I n e x p e r i m e n t a l r e se a r c h s t a t i s t i c a l t o o l s a r e
u se d t hu s t he r es ea rc he r c an c he ck t he
re l iab i l i ty of the research and i t s e f fec t iveness .
3.2 Sample
Before r esea rch work , the inves t iga to r has to
d e c i d e w h e t h e r t h e e n t i r e p o p u l a t i o n i s t o b e
m ad e s ub je ct f or t he d at a c ol le ct io n o r a
pa r t i cu lar group i s to be se l ec ted as
rep resen ta t ive o f the en t i r e popu la t ion . The fo rmer
method when the en t i r e popu la t ion i s t aken in to
accoun t , i s ca l l ed Census method . On the o the r
hand , when a smal l g roup i s t aken in to accoun t
a s r epr es en ta ti ve o f t he w ho le , i s c al le d
Sampl ing method .
The sa mple desi gns are basica l ly of two types tha t
i s Non-probabi l i ty sampl ing :
I s non- random sampl ing .
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Probabi l i ty sampl ing :
I s based on the concept of random sampl ing .
Incidental sampling method:
When the sample is to be selected from the population
researcher selects the sample from his surrounding as an when
the sample units are available this method is known as
Incidental Sampling method.
Eg; A soap company wants to survey a population of products
to select the sample. The company Interviews the people in an
around is premises.
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Purposive sampling method:
In purposive sampling method the researcher selects the
sample from the population of his interest and which satisfies a
particular purpose.
Eg; Students week in English pronunciation are selected by the
teacher to give the treatment.
3.3 Tools And Techniques of Action Research:
The main tools used for Action Research can be divided into
four types.
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Questionnaire:
A series of pre-arranged questions put forward for
collecting information is called a Questionnaire, the second tool
used in Action Research. In the language of research, the
questionnaires a tool study the likes and dislikes, line of
thinking, values, experiences in the past and present
circumstances and the problems of the research population.
According to Bar well arranged set of the questions given to
the person from whom information is to be collected is called
a questionnaire. In other words, a per-arranged series of the
questions presented for collecting information is called a
questionnaire.
Characteristics of a good Questionnaire:
The questionnaire should be precise and its language clear and
specific.
The questions should be intelligible. This can be achieved byconstructing small, easy sentences.
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Instructions in the questionnaire should be clear and
unambiguous.
Questions should be small and correct.
Typing of the questions should be neat and tidy.
Instructions for answering the questions should be specific and
foolproof. These instructions should be placed at the beginning
of the questionnaire.
3.4 Remedial Measures
The researcher took the following remedial measures while
conducting the research
To make Articles more easy to those students who
found it difficult to learn Articles the researcher adopted the
play way method with the students of standard Ist . The
researcher used picture and audio- visual aids to make use of
Articles interesting for example; to teach an article of anaeroplane the researcher first pronounced the word { aero-plane}
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showed a picture and made the students repeat the word after
the record.aeroplane-an aeroplane.
The researcher also taught many article games to the students .
Steps of research
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References:
Arvind L . Kapole and Bansi B ihar i Pandi t, Action
Research and Innovations , Nirali Prakashan, 2007
Alan. S. Brown, Department of Psychology , SouthernMethodist University, Vol 2, No 4, 1990
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CHAPTER IV
COLLECTION OF INFORMATION AND DATA,
ITS ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS
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CHAPTER IV COLLECTION OF
INFORMATION AND
DATA, ITS ANALYSIS
AND SYNTHESIS
Page. no
4.1 Presentat ion of information and
data4.2 Analysis and interpretat ion4.3 Conclusion
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0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Comparison of scores of pre-testand post- test
pre-test
post-test
CHAPTER IV COLLECTION OFINFORMATION AND
DATA, ITS ANALYSIS
AND SYNTHESIS
4.1 Presentation of information and data
The researcher conducted a pre-test to check how much
the students knew and developed a programme and taught thestudents easy way to memorize Articles and then conducted a
post-test the following is the performance of the students in the
tests conducted.
Graph 1
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4.2 Analysis and Interpretation
Introduction:
Merely collection of data is not the aim of
any research activity, instead the collected data must
be used by the researcher to draw conclusions, make
generalizations, establish relationship between two ormore variables and the test the hypothesis. The term
analysis means the computation of certain measures or
indices along with searching patterns of relationship
that exists among data groups. In this process, some
statistical methods are used to make data meaningful.
Statistics is an efficient tool in the analysis of
the research data. The very purpose of the statistics is
to aid research. Statistics are to the researcher what
tools are to a carpenter. Therefore the utility of the
statistics as a tool depends on their use for correct
functions. Quite frequently in action research, techniques
or tools like Mean, Median, Standard Deviation etc are
used.
Mean:
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Refers it the average value of the distribution
and id arrived at by dividing the sum of scores in
the distribution by the number of observations.
Median:
Is a point of an array of scores. I t is that
value or point which divides the distribution equally.
The scores are arranged in the order of magnitude and
the middle point above and below which equal number
of scores fall, is regarded as the median.
Mode:
Is that score which most frequently occurs in
a distribution.
Standard Deviation:
Is the square root of the sum of the squared
deviations divided by the number of observations. It isthe standard measure of variability in most statistical
procedures.
Mean of pre- test:
Mean = X1N
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= 25220
= 12.6Mean = 12.6
Mean of post-test:
Mean = X2N= 337
20
= 16.85
Mean = 16.85
Coefficient of co-relation (r) = xy_
________ x2*y2
r = _____155.8_____
372.8*120.55
r = 155.8
44941.04
r = 155.8
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211.99
r = 0.734940There is high co-relation because the value is
between 0.60 to 0.80.
t-value
t-value = M1 M2 i.e. M2 M1 d d
Where;M1 = Mean of post-test
M2 = Mean of pre-test
= standard deviation of given scores
d = (M1)2 + (M2 )2 (2r * M1 * M2 )Where;
M1 = 1 and M2 = 2 N1 N2
df = N1 + N2 - 2= 20 + 20 2= 40 2
df = 38
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one tailed testlevel of significance 0.01
t (table) = 0.403
1 = (d1)2 i.e. 1 = (x1)2N1 N1
1 = 372.8 = 18.64
20
therefore 1 = 4.3174
2 = (d2)2 i.e. 2 = (y1)2N2 N2
2 = 120.55 = 6.027520
therefore 2 = 2.4550
M1 = 1 = 4.3174 = 4.3174 N1 20 4.4721
M1 = 0.965407M2 = 2 = 2.4550 = 2.4550
N2 20 4.4721M2 = 0.548959
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d = (M1)2 + (M2 )2 (2r * M1 * M2 )
= (0.965407)2 + (0.548959)2 2 (0.734940) (0.965407)(0.548959)
= 0.93201067564 + 0.30135598368 1.41903244116
= 1.23336665932 - 1.41903244116
= -0.18566578184
d = 0.43308
t cal = M2 - M1d
= 16.85 - 12.60.43308
= 4.250.43308
= 9.8134 t (cal) = 9.8134
t ( table ) = df
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Ans: t (cal) > t (table)
9.8134 > 0.734940
4.2 Conclusion t (cal) > t (table)
So, we conclude tha t this research i s
successful and research hypothesis is accepted and
null-hypothesis is rejected.
Interpretation
Table 1
Comparison of Mean of pre-test and post-test
Mean of pre-test Mean of post-test Difference of Mean
of pre-test and post-
test12.6 16.85 4.25
Table 2
Comparison of Standard Deviation of pre-test and post-test
Standard Deviation of
pre-test
Standard Deviation of
post-test
Difference of
Standard Deviation
of pre-test and post-
test
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4.31 2.45 1.86
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
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CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION,RECOMMENDATION.
Page.no5.1 Summary5.2 Conclusion5.3 Recommendation/ Suggestion5.4 Suggestion for further research
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CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION
AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
Introduction:
English today is an international , global language , perhaps
the current Position of English as a globle language . It would
seem that English was Expending in the right geographical and
technological , political , economical and Cultural area , today
English plays important role in industrial and commercial Life
of india , E- Banking , E-Mail services are available only in
English . National International tardy , and all transaction in
commercial Establishments take place Only English.English is important subject in teaching learning process.
For the Effective use of English language the grammar is very
important , it is Necessary to the student to know and understand
various rules of Grammar . Article is sub-topic in the grammar
student use article Effectively in the sentence then the language
is clearly understood . Grammar improve the use of languageparticularly incidence student make Mistake in using article so
the language not use effectively.
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Need :
It is needed because you want to change your practice.
You may be concerned that things might not be going as you
wish , or you may need to implement a new initiative but are
ensure how to do it effectively . What you want is a way of
sorting out these concerns that offers practical solutions , but that
derives from the specific circumstances of your practice . You
know that someone elses solution may have merits, but that is
never quite right for the individual situation within which you
work. You know that practice is always influenced by context.
The act of finding your solution makes you understand your
practice better- not only what you are doing, but also the
factors that affect what you do. Action research therefore has
two aspects . The starting point is to sort out a problem or issuein practice; to this extent an Action Researcher seeks a solution.
But the process can also be used as a deliberate attempt to
understand practice better- a traditional research attitude.
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Importance:
The aim of an action researcher is to bring aboutdevelopment in her practice by analyzing existing practice and
identifying elements for change
.
It helps to speak grammatically correct sentence..
To develop creativity in student.
To create interest in English subject.
To help the students to understand the concept more
clearly and easily.
It helps to develop English language.
Student can acquire the knowledge of grammar.
Statement of the Problem:
A study of effect iveness of the programme developed
f o r I s ts tandard s tudents to improve, use of Ar t ic les in
English.
Operational Definition:
Effectiveness :-
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(Meaning from the Oxford Dictionary) producing the
intended result, impressive, striking.
Programme:-
(Meaning from the Oxford Dictionary) a set of
instructions that you plan to do.
I s t standard students :-
S tudents who have passed U.K.G s tandard & are
currently studying in I s t standard.
Articles:-
(Mean ing f rom the Oxford Dic tionary) The
Adjectives aor an and the are usually called Articles.
Objectives:
To find difficulties of students while using articles.
To develop a program to improve use of article.. To study the effectiveness of the programme developed.
Assumption:-
Students know vowels and consonants.
Standard 1 s t textbook is appropriate for the students.
Hypothesis: -
Research Hypothesis
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I f the researcher gives adequate pract ice for
understanding the concept of Articles through the program
developed then student concept will improve.
Sampling:
Population:
Shantabai Ladkat School Standard I s t .
Sample:
- One division of English medium Shantabai
Ladkat School.
- 20 S tudent s of fi rs t st andard
Method of Selecting Samples:
The researcher uses purposive sampling method to select
the sample.
Scope and Limitations:SCOPE
To student: student can understand the concept of articles.
To teacher: after this she will teach correctly.
To society: after this they learn about articles.
It is useful for researcher.
It is useful for 1st std teacher.
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It is also useful for the setters of syllabus.
LIMITATIONS
The study is limited for topic articles only.
It limited to the student of 1st standard.
It is not useful for other standard teacher.
The research work is concerned with students of SHANTABAILADKAT SCHOOL.
5.2 Conclusion
This research was very usefu l as i t s the most
common problem teachers face in classroom teaching.
Thi s r esea rc h p ro ve s t ha t l ea rn in g A rt ic le sunknowingly is more bet ter than to be learnt by
heart . I t was seen that the week students enjoyed
learning Art icles in play way method and i t a lso
proved to be correct as one can see i t from the
difference in the pre-test and post-test scores.
5.3 Recommendations/ Suggestions
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The researcher gives the following recommendations
and suggestions
To teach Art icles with the help of innovat ive
games.
Vowels have to be made clear to t he
students.
Consonants have to be made clear to the students.
Use of Articles can be improved with the help of
Grammer rules.
5.4 Suggestions for further research
The researcher can develop a programme on Articles
in view of those students who have psychological
problems
To study the impact of use of Articles.
To develop an effective programme where in the
listening skill and its relation with use of Articles is
studied.
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References:
Arvind L. Kapole and Bansi Bihari Pandit , Action
Research and Innovations , Nirali Prakashan, 2007
Prof. Limaye Tusharika, English (First Language),
Diploma in Teacher Education , Nirali Prakashan,
2008.
The World Book Encyclopedia, E Volume 6 , A Scott
Fetzer company. The World Book Encyclopedia SO-Sz Volume 18 , A
Scott Fezer company, 1995.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Alan. S. Brown, Department of Psychology , Southern
Methodist University, Vol 2, No 4, 1990.
Arvind L. Kapole and Bansi Bihari Pandit, Action
Research and Innovations , Nirali Prakashan, 2007
John Ellison Kahnn, DPhil , How to Write and Speak
Better, The Readers Digest Association Limited,2002.
Prof. Limaye Tusharika, English (First Language),
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Diploma in Teacher Education , Nirali Prakashan,
2008.
Rosevia Warda, research based tutoring of English
, while paper, 2005
The World Book Encyclopedia, E Volume 6 , A Scott
Fetzer company.
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APPENDIX
Appendix (A)
List of Students
Ritesh PatilHarshad ShaikhShraddha YewleGuru. TagdhaneJoshua. Joel
Naif. KaziTauheed. Khan
Prachi KakadeMomin. HayatKiran PatilVaibhav Vaghmare
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Shahid. ShaikhGanesh Karale
Zaid. SayyedSahad. SayyedSakshi JadhavArbaaz. ShaikhVasanti PachangeKaif. ShaikhVrushikesh. Tupe
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Appendix (B)
Appendix (C)
Sr .no Roll .
No
Name of the s tudent Pre- test
Marksout of 20
( X1 )
Post - test
Marksout of 20
(X 2 )1 6 Ritesh Pati l 16 172 8 Harshad Shaikh 12 153 9 Shraddha Yewle 10 194 12 Guru. Tagdhane 18 205 13 Joshua. Joel 12 166 15 Naif . Kazi 6 127 21 Tauheed. Khan 19 208 24 Prachi Kakade 4 169 25 Momin. Hayat 9 18
10 29 Kiran Pati l 7 1311 30 Vaibhav Vaghmare 18 2012 31 Shahid. Shaikh 18 2013 36 Ganesh Karale 17 1814 39 Zaid. Sayyed 12 1415 40 Sahad. Sayyed 11 1716 44 Sakshi Jadhav 11 1617 46 Arbaaz. Shaikh 10 14
18 48 Vasanti Pachange 13 1519 49 Kaif . Shaikh 11 1720 66 Vrushikesh. Tupe 18 20
Total 252 337
Roll. noof thestudent
Scoreof Pre-test (x)
Scoreof
post-test (y)
Deviationx2 y2 x*yx
x-X1M
yy-X2M
6 16 17 3.4 0.15 11.56 0.0225 0.518 12 15 -0.6 -1.85 0.36 3.4225 1.119 10 19 -2.6 2.15 6.76 4.6225 -5.59
12 18 20 5.4 3.15 29.16 9.9225 17.01
13 12 16 -0.6 -0.85 0.36 0.7225 0.5115 6 12 -6.6 -4.85 43.56 23.522
532.01
21 19 20 6.4 3.15 40.96 9.9225 20.1624 4 16 -8.6 -0.85 73.96 0.7225 7.3125 9 18 -3.6 1.15 12.96 1.3225 -4.1429 7 13 -5.6 -3.85 31.36 14.822
521.56
30 18 20 5.4 3.15 29.16 9.9225 17.01
31 18 20 5.4 3.15 29.16 9.9225 17.0136 17 18 4.4 1.15 19.36 1.3225 5.0639 12 14 -0.6 -2.85 0.36 8.1225 1.7140 11 17 -1.6 0.15 2.56 0.0225 -0.2444 11 16 -1.6 -0.85 2.56 0.7225 1.3646 10 14 -2.6 -2.85 6.76 8.1225 7.4148 13 15 0.4 -1.85 0.16 3.4225 -0.7449 11 17 -1.6 0.15 2.56 0.0225 -0.2466 18 20 5.4 3.15 29.16 9.9225 17.01
Total 252 337 372.8 120.55 155.8
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Appendix (D)M.C.E SOCIETY JUNIOR COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (ENGLISH MEDIUM)
ACTION RESEARCH AND INNOVATIONS20 MARKS
PRE-TEST TIME: 30min
NAME: ______________________________________________
Q.1 Identify the Articles in the sentence. 10 marks
a) Kondhwa is a very dirty city.
b) I like the novel.
c) Here is an elephant.
d) That is a picture.
e) Ram is a good boy.
f) Amol is the cleverest boy.g) Two times a day.
h) Sixty kilometers an hour.
i) Mumbai is the biggest city.
j) The pen is lost.
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Q.2)
Q.2 Write correct Articles using the picture clues. 10marks
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Appendix (E)
M.C.E SOCIETY JUNIOR COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (ENGLISH MEDIUM)ACTION RESEARCH AND INNOVATIONS
20 MARKS
POST-TEST TIME: 30min
Q.1 Write correct articles in blank and write correctpicture no in box.
10marks
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Q.2Fill in the blanks. 10 marks
a) I saw ..man.b) Two times ..day.
c) ..red horse.
d) inkpot.
e) .great Shivaji.
f) ..old man.
g) There is unhappy dog.
h) He saw doctor.
i) He can play flute.
j) A cow is .useful animal.
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Comparison of marks of each student in pre-test andpost-test
0
5
0
5
20
25
6 8 9 12 13 15 21 24 25 29 30 31 36 39 40 44 46 48 49
PER-TEST POST-TEST
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