24
Project website: http://www.oxy.edu/departments/ess/
Project website: http://www.oxy.edu/departments/ess/
A General Picture of the Model
Philanthropy Organizing
Research
The L.A. Collaborative
Liberty Hill Communities for a Better Environment
Occidental, UCSC, Brown
Receive litigation monies
Regrant to grassroots groups
Fiscal agent - funds
Convene groups for learn- ing in EJ Institute
Coordinate collaborative
Outreach, organizing, and mobilization
Issue identi- fication & strategic planning
Community training and leadership development
Public policy voice
Framework studies that demonstrate the case
First tier “fundamental” research
Action research & timely op-eds
TA for new groups
Research for outreach &
policy change
Making the case for
funds & attn.
Researching Environmental Justiceand Community Health
Demonstrating Disparities
Analyzing Determinants of Disparities
Understanding Evolution of Contemporary Pattern
Documenting Potential Health and Other Risks
Is There Environmental Racism?
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# TSDFs (< 50 tons/yr)$ TSDFs (> 50 tons/yr)
Minority Residents (per tract)< 27.9 %27.9% - 63.0%> 63.0 %
5 0 5 10 Miles
But Income Also is Highly Correlated
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# TSDFs (< 50 tons/yr)$ TSDFs (> 50 tons/yr)
Annual Per-Capita Income (tract)< $10,890$10,890 - $18,610> $18,610
5 0 5 10 Miles
Teasing Out Causes Requires Multivariate Analysis
Income, Land Use, and Manufacturing
Employment Matter But Race Still Has an Independent and
Important Effect And TSDFs Actually in Areas of Denser
Population
But What About Other Hazards?
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Tracts where percentage ofAfrican-American or Latinoresidents exceeds Southern California average
33/50 TRI Air Releases (1992)
10 0 10 20 Miles
Distribution of TRI Releases and Race in Metropolitan Los Angeles Area
For TRI Facilities . . .
Income, Land Use, and Manufacturing
Presence May Matter But Race Still Has an Independent and
Important Effect And Degree of Toxicity -- the facilities with
carcinogens -- is Correlated with Race
But Which Came First?
Demographics of Areas Likely to Receive Facilities, 1970-90
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
TSDF sited No TSDF sited
perc
ent
Percent Minority
Percent Blue Collar
Significant Differences at Time of Siting . . .
But Similar Shifts Afterward . . .
Change in Demographics of Areas (Receiving & non-
receiving), 1970-90
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
TSDF sited No TSDF sited
perc
ent
Percent Minority
Percent Blue Collar
OrangeCounty
VenturaCounty
Los AngelesCounty
Riverside County
San Bernardino County
Minority Residents (percent per tract)
< 27.9%27.9% - 63.3%> 63.3%
Cancer Risk (per 100,000 population)
6.78 - 49.149.1 - 67.767.7 - 591
How About Air Pollution? Lifetime Cancer Risk from Ambient Air Pollution in Southern California
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
<$5K
$5K-$10
K
$10K
-$15K
$15K
-$25K
$25K
-$35K
$35K
-$50K
$50K
-$75K
$75K
-$100
K
>$10
0K
Household Income
Life
time
Can
cer R
isk
per 1
00,0
00
WhiteAfrican Am.AsianLatino
As Before, It Isn’t Just Income
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
Life
time
Can
cer R
isk
(per
100
,000
)
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
Res
pira
tory
Haz
ard
Inde
x
Anglo African American Latino Asian
Excess Cancer Risk Respiratory Risk
Cancer and Respiratory Risksfor Schoolchildren by Race, LAUSD
Environmental Risks are Unequal forChildren As Well
Public School Academic Performance Index and Estimated Cumulative Respiratory Risk From Ambient Air Toxics for LAUSD
The Disparities Can Have Consequences for Academic Performance
API Score by Environmental Ranking
400
450
500
550
600
No TRI's w/inone mile
TRI w/in onemile
Lowestrespiratory
risk
Middlerespiratory
risk
Highestrespiratory
risk
API Score
Effects Hold in a Multivariate Analysis
Scores are Lower Even When You Control for School Poverty, Teacher Quality, and Other Factors
Up to Ten Percent of Racial Score Difference Could Be Due to Environmental Stress
Policy Implications as the State Launches School-building Effort
But It Must Be Getting Better, Right?
Is It Getting Better? Pattern of TRI Facilities in California by Ethnicity for 2000
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Los Angeles Area
2000 TRI Air Release Locationsand Race/Ethnicity of Residents
(Tract demographics from 2000 U.S. Census)
% People of Color (quantiles)
> 78%49% - 78%
< 26%
$ TRI Air Release (2000)
26% - 49%
Miles100
N
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Bay Area0 10
Miles
Ethnic Composition Within One Mile of a TRI Facility (2000 TRI; 2000 Census)
54.9%
36.1%
25.0%
41.9%
5.8% 7.3%
10.7% 11.5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
For tracts not within one mile of a TRI For tracts within one mile of a TRI
Asian PacificAfrican-AmericanLatinoAnglo
Different Demographics, Different Environment
Research and Advocacy in Collaboration
Research and Advocacy Guidelines
Research Decision Mechanism Maintaining Rigor, Relevance, &
Reach Academic Publications, Popular
Articles, Policy Interventions
Understanding of Environment Inequity
58%60%61%
72%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Toxic waste is more likely in minority communities Parks are less likely in minority communities
perc
ent o
f gro
up
White
Latino
EJ’s Future in the State
Increasing recognition by all groups that environmental inequities are common
Attitudes Toward The Economy-Environment "Tradeoff"
50%
42%
36%
54%52%
37%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Ocean and beach pollution is a bigproblem
Urban sprawl's threat to the Sierrasis a big problem
Urban sprawl's threat to farmlandsis a big problem
perc
ent o
f gro
up
All Latino
EJ’s Future in the State
Increasing awareness that communities of color are environmental allies
EJ’s Future in the State
Environmental justice raises broader issues of equity in the distribution of opportunities
It can build new bases for common ground and new policies are on the agenda
