Prokaryotes,
Bacteria, & Viruses TEST REVIEW PPT
The following material will be
on the test this Friday!
• Kingdoms and their key features & descriptions
• Classification Vocab
• How to create a cladogram
• Taxonomic levels (KPCOFGS)
• Prokaryotic cell structure
• Shapes of bacteria
• Types of bacteria (thermoacidophiles, methanogens,
halophiles)
• Bacteriophage structure & function
• Bacterial reproduction (conjugation & binary fission)
• Viral function & replication (process and structures involved)
Kingdoms & Key Features
• ARCHAEBACTERIA – first form of life on earth, can live in extreme environments, prokaryotes
• EUBACTERIA – prokaryotes, some help us and some hurt us
• PROTISTA – “junk drawer” kingdom, all eukaryotes, some multicellular and some unicellular, autotrophs or heterotrophs, some stationary, some move
• FUNGI – feed on dead/decaying things, have a nucleus, multicellular (except yeast), not able to move, reproduce by spores
• PLANTAE – autotrophs, multicellular, have cell walls
• ANIMALIA – heterotrophs, multicellular, move at some point in their lives, vertebrates & invertebrates
Unit Vocab (Know these terms)
• Taxonomy
• Phylogeny
• Species
• Derived trait
• Ancestral trait
• Cladogram
• Binomial nomenclature
• Homologous & Analagous Characteristics
• Binary fission
• Conjugation
• Retrovirus
• Endospore
• Prion
Creating a Cladogram
When given a cladogram determine the following…
• Close relatives
• Distant relatives
• Ancestral trait
• Derived trait
Taxonomic Levels
K P C O F G S
• Know the correct sequence
• When given a chart, be able to determine close and distant
relatives
Species #1 Species #2 Species #3
Domain Eukarya Eukarya Eukarya
Kingdom Plantae Plantae Plantae
Phylum Magnoliophyda Magnoliophyda Magnoliophyda
Class Rosidae Magnoliopsida Magnoliopsida
Order Sapindales Fagales Fagales
Family Aceraceae Fagaceae Fagaceae
Genus Acer Quercus Castanea
Species saccharum Rubra Dentata
Common Name Sugar Maple Red Oak American Chesnut
Prokaryotic (Bacterial)
Structure
Be able to draw and label this structure
Bacteria Shapes
Know these shapes and be able to draw them
Types of Bacteria
• THERMOACIDOPHILES – live in hot,
acidic areas
• HALOPHILES – live in very salty areas
• METHANOGENS – live in areas of no
oxygen
Bacteriophage (Structure & Function)
Be able to draw and label this structure Capsid, tail, tail fibers, DNA
Also, what does a bateriophage do?
Bacterial Reproduction
• Two types:
Binary fission – asexual reproduction,
chromosome replicates, then separates
Conjugation – sexual reproduction, cells
attach and exchange info
Virus Function & Replication
• Host cell – cell where the virus replicates
• Why are viruses non-living?
• No organelles
• Can’t reproduce on their own
• Can’t make proteins
• Retrovirus – has RNA instead of DNA
• Lytic Cycle – immediate effects, results in immediate bursting of the host cell, ex: influenza, common cold
• Lysogenic Cycle – long-term effects, becomes part of the cell’s nucleus, can be dormant for years, ex: AIDS, herpes