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PROMOTION OF COGENERATION UNDER NATIONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTION PLAN
(NEEAP)
By
Datuk Ir. Ahmad Fauzi Hasan
Energy Commission, Malaysia
16 November 2015
Workshop on Cogeneration in MalaysiaPutrajaya
The need for Energy Efficiency (EE) is embedded in Malaysia’s National Energy Policy
• To ensure adequacy, security and cost-effectiveness of energy supply
• To promote efficient utilization of energy
• To minimize negative environmental impacts in the energy supply chain
Five-FuelDiversification Strategy 2001
Four-FuelDiversification Strategy 1981
National DepletionPolicy 1980
NationalEnergyPolicy 1979
National PetroleumPolicy 1975
PetroleumDevelopment
Act 1974
• Vested on PETRONAS the exclusive rights to explore, develop and produce petroleum resources of Malaysia
• To regulate downstream oil & gas industry via the Petroleum Regulations 1974
• To prolong lifespan of Malaysia’s oil reserves for future security & stability of oil supply
• To pursue balanced utilization of oil, gas, hydro and coal
• Renewable Energy included as the “fifth fuel” in energy supply mix
EE Promotion Initiatives In Malaysia Over The Years
• Energy efficiency promotion in the Seventh Malaysia Plan (1996-2000)
• UNDP-GEF Malaysian Industrial Efficiency Improvement Programme (MIEEP) (1999)
• Fiscal incentives for EE (2001)
• Development of Malaysian Standard MS 1525 (2001)
• DANIDA Capacity building on EE and DSM for key institutions (2002)
• Energy audit on government buildings (2002)
• EE and RE in education curriculum and university courses (2002)
• Energy efficient building demonstration projects (2004)
• Development of EE guidelines for Malaysian industries (2006)
• Efficient Management Of Electrical Energy Regulations (2008)
• Green Building Index (GBI) (2009)
EE Promotion Initiatives In Malaysia Over The Years
• EE rating and labelling of equipment (2009)
• Green Technology Financing Scheme (2010)
• Subsidy rationalisation plan (2010)
• Competitive bidding for new generation capacity plant-ups (2011)
• EE equipment rebate scheme (2011)
• UNDP-GEF Building Sector Energy Efficiency Project (BSEEP) (2011)
• MS 1525 provisions in Uniform Building By-Laws (2012)
• Minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) regulations (2013)
• UNIDO-GEF industrial energy efficiency project (2013)
• Energy Performance Contracting (EPC) for government buildings (2013)
• Incentive-based tariff regulation (2014)
• 5% energy reduction target for government buildings (2014)
• Sales Tax Exemption for 5 Star Rated Products
Local Manufacturer
• Duty Import Exemption for energy efficient products which are not available in the local market
Importer
• Investment Tax Allowance or Pioneer Status for companies embarking on energy conservation or energy efficiency projects
Industry player and ESCO
EE Fiscal Incentives since 2001
Electrical Energy Equipment:
• Transformers
• Motors
• Chillers
• Cooling Towers
• Fans and Blowers
• Pumps
• Air Compressors
• Lighting
EE Standards and Guidelines since 2001
Thermal Equipment :
• Boilers and Furnaces
• Thermal Oil Heaters
• Absorption Chillers and
• Heat Recovery
• Equipment
• Cogeneration System
EE In The Electricity Supply Legislation since 2008
8
Energy Commission Act 2001
Electricity Supply Act 1990
Licensee Supply Regulations 1990
Electricity Regulations 1994
Electricity Supply (Compounding of Offences) 2001
Efficient Management Of Electrical Energy Regulations 2008
Electricity (Amendment) Regulations 2013
Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS)
The New Energy Policy launched under the 10th Malaysia Plan provides new direction for energy sector development
Market Pricing
• Gradual removal of subsidies
• Decoupling
Supply side
• Portfolio development to increase use of sustainable technologies
• Maintain depletion policy
Energy Efficiency
• Minimum Energy Performance Standards
• Tax incentives
• Support for co-generation
Governance
• Improve transparency
• Allow option for full market
• Achieve market price
• Improve economic performance
Change Management
• Organise and manage implementation of initiatives
• Proper sequencing to achieve objectives
• Integrated approach mechanism
Economic Efficiency, Security of Supply, Social and Environment
Current Dispatch Arrangement
New Enhanced Dispatch Arrangement
New Enhanced Dispatch Arrangement (NEDA)
Introduction of Price-based
Bidding to complement current
PPA/SLA arrangements:
Generators with PPA/SLA can offer optional reduced heat rates & VOR. If dispatched, generators will be paid at cost using the lower of the PPA/SLA or optional offer of heat rates & VOR.
Non-PPA generators bid to sell energy to the Single Buyer. If dispatched, generators will be paid at Price as Bid.
In addition to sales of energy, non-PPA generators can offer term-based capacity for short-term system reserve, if required by regulator
Single Buyer Single Buyer
Generators with
PPAs/SLAs
Generators with
PPAs/SLAs
Price
Non-PPA Generators
PPA/SLA ratesPPA/SLA rates
or optional offer of reduced rates
EE Programmes under the National EE Action Plan (NEEAP)
Initiatives for Appliances and Equipment:
5-Star Refrigerator Campaign
EE lighting Campaign
5-Star Air Conditioner Campaign
High Efficiency Motors
Initiatives for Commercial Buildings:
Energy Audit and Management in Large Commercial Buildings
Energy Audit and Management in Medium Sized Commercial Buildings
Energy Efficiency in New Buildings
Initiatives for Industry:
Energy Audit and Management in Large & Medium Sized Industries
Initiatives for Government Facilities:
Energy Audit and Management in Government Facilities
Initiatives for Cogeneration:
Cogeneration in Industries and Commercial Buildings
Impact of NEEAP Implementation
Summary
Item Unit 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Total Lifetime
Annual Savings GWh 87 386 1,097 2,278 3,772 5,460 7,142 8,886 10,626 12,361 52,094 122,099
Residential GWh 58 142 253 404 600 819 1,061 1,362 1,689 2,042 8,428 16,677
Commercial GWh 20 88 272 571 937 1,349 1,761 2,209 2,658 3,109 12,973 31,568
Industrial GWh 9 156 571 1,304 2,235 3,293 4,319 5,315 6,280 7,210 30,693 73,853
Cumulative Savings GWh 87 473 1,570 3,848 7,619 13,079 20,221 29,107 39,733 52,094 52,094 122,099
Demand Savings GW 14 145 292 463 688 920 1,157 1,398 1,643 1,893 1,893
Capacity Savings GW 18 79 224 464 769 1,113 1,456 1,811 2,166 2,520 -
Total fuel savings TJ 964 4,225 11,887 24,450 40,080 57,450 74,400 91,653 108,520 124,981 538,611 1,262,399
Gas Savings TJ 443 1,943 5,468 11,247 18,437 26,427 34,224 42,160 49,919 57,491 247,761 580,704
Coal Savings TJ 395 1,732 4,874 10,025 16,433 23,554 30,504 37,578 44,493 51,242 220,831 517,584
GHG savings ktCO2eq 67 295 830 1,707 2,798 4,011 5,194 6,399 7,576 8,725 37,602 88,132
BAU GWh 117,110 121,431 125,885 130,474 134,830 139,206 143,326 145,492 150,657 154,142 1,362,553
NEEAP GWh 117,023 121,045 124,788 128,196 131,058 133,746 136,184 136,606 140,031 141,781 1,310,459
Savings Pct 0.1% 0.3% 0.9% 1.7% 2.8% 3.9% 5.0% 6.1% 7.1% 8.0% 3.8%
100,000
110,000
120,000
130,000
140,000
150,000
160,000
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Energy Consumption: BAU vs NEEAP
BAU NEEAP
GWh
Breakdown of Total Expenditure
30%
6%
32%
1%
12%
7%
0%
2% 1%9%
Total Expenditure (RM)
5 star Refrigerator Campaign
EE lighting campaign
5 star Aircond Campaign
Energy Audit and management in LargeCommercial Buildings
Energy Audit and management in Large &Medium Industries
High Efficient Motors
Energy Audit Gov't Bldngs
Energy Audit and management in MediumCommercial Buildings
Energy Efficiency in New Buildings
Cogeneration in Industries and commercialbuildings
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
GW
h
Year5 star Refrigerator Campaign EE lighting campaign
5 star Aircond Campaign Energy Audit and management in Large Commercial Buildings
Energy Audit and management in Large & Medium Industries High Efficient Motors
Energy Audit Gov't Facility Energy Audit and management in Medium Commercial Buildings
Energy Efficiency in New Buildings Cogeneration in Industries and commercial buildings
Projected EE Savings Under NEEAP
TitleCogeneration in Industries and commercial buildings
TypeRemoval of barriers
Design The cogeneration system's primary function is to meet the heating or cooling demand in the facility and power generation willbe secondary. The systems must be fully cogeneration and can include thermal energy storage tanks1.The programme is to promote cogeneration in industries and buildings.2. This will be done by reducing barriers, including :
a. Standby and top-up chargesb. Gas tariff pricing (TPA)c. Unattractive Incentivesd. Technical hurdles – lack of capability to locally manufacture some energy supply equipment which leads to higher
investmentse. Connection to the grid – implication on the reserve margin for the utilitiesf. Lack of awareness on benefits of cogeneration
3. To overcome the above barriers, a couples of key strategic measures need to be implemented, such as:a.Design of standby, top-up and load connected charges that are cogen friendly
- Lowering the amount of charges- Non-Firm standby charges (offering daily or monthly as used charges)
b. Open bidding for special package of cogen plants with special gas tariff pricing.c. Promoting the existing incentives such as low cost financing by MGTC and etc.d. Local manufacturers' capacity buildinge. Regulatory framework for grid-connected cogen and sale of excess powerf. Awareness enhancement on the benefits of cogen
Total Market
The market is facilities with high demand for heating or cooling. The preliminary market is only considered to be the supported projects in this programme. By the end of the plan period, it is targeted to have 100 operating cogeneration plants.
Cogeneration in Industries and Commercial Buildings
Annual Market It is envisaged that with the reduction of barriers and the increase in electricity tariffs in the country, about 12 MWe of cogeneration (about 12 installations) will be installed per year in the country from the year 2017 onwards.
Savings The savings are in terms of natural gas savings, as cogeneration will utilise the fuel more efficiently. The power generation will save power generation in central power plants.
The value of the savings is not the full tariff savings, but the tariff savings minus the additional fuel cost and O&M cost. The tariff savings is about 50% of the tariff.
(Distribution and transmission lossess are not considered. 1 MWe cogeneration plant is expected to generate 7 GWh/year (at the load factor of 0.8, GWh generated = 1 MW x 8hr x 365 days x 0.8 load factor = 7 GWh / year). Thus the electricity savings are 7 GWh/MW-year.)
Lifetime 15 years
Penetration The programme will be introduced in 2017 and it is expected that 12 MWe of capacity will be installed per year over the remaining plan period which is till 2025
Fund Support Nil -
Technology Cost The facility owners must pay for the cogeneration plant
Cost of 1 MWe cogeneration plant 5,000,000
Total Savings Total Energy Savings for 2016 to 2025 period (GWh) 3,150
Total lifetime savings based on the 10-year programme and lifespan of 15 years (GWh) 10,500
Total GHG reduction for 2016 to 2025 period (ktCO2eq) 2,432
GHG reduction (ktCO2eq) (lifetime) 8,106
Cogeneration in Industries and Commercial Buildings
Changes in grid electricity tariff and gas price to non-power sector have implications on the viability and attractiveness of cogeneration
Base tariff under IBR
for first regulatory
period
A Way Forward For Cogeneration
Implement National Cogeneration Action Plan with SMART targets
Minimize costs and price distortions in energy supply
Strengthen capacity of industry players in cogeneration
Establish effective funding mechanism for cogeneration projects
Intensify enforcement of EE legislation
Streamline policy framework for cogeneration
Foster EE culture among industry players
Thank You
Workshop on Cogeneration in Malaysia
TECHNICAL CHALLENGES IN
INTEGRATING COGENERATION
INTO THE ENERGY NETWORK16/11/2015
Tenaga Nasional Berhad
Definitions
Connection Modes
Technical Issues
Application Process
CONTENTS
Malaysian Distribution Code (MDC) terms cogeneration
as Distributed Generation
Consumer With Own Generation
MDC limits: 50kV, 30MW
Definitions
m
TNB substation
~~ Consumer
load
Consumer
load
TNB
Customer
Feeding methods
Direct feed Connection point at TNB
In-direct feed Connection point at consumer side
Consumer
loadDG
TNB grid
Consumer
loadDG
TNB grid
m1m2
m1
Top-up
Standby
Connection Profile:
G2
G3
G4
G1
Peak load
Base load
Import
mode
Cogen
capacityProfile
Top-up
G1 Import from TNB at all times
G2 Import from TNB most of the times
G3 Import from TNB during peak usage
Standby G4 Import from TNB during generator outage/shutdown
Time
MW
Fault current contribution
Islanding
Voltage rise
Reactive power
Load forecast
Metering
Overloading
Nuisance tripping
Technical Issues:
Technical Requirements:
Declared demand
requirements
Boundaries & responsibilities
Liaison
Safety procedure
Interconnection Operation
Manual (IOM)
OPERATIONAL
REQUIREMENTS
Top up
Standby
SUPPLY REQUIREMENT
pf range ±0.9
Reactive power requirements
POWER FACTOR
Developer to provide full
details
Power System Study
Harmonics generation limit
GENERATOR SPECS
Switchgear requirements
Metering
Interlocking
Boundary
Ownership
CONNECTION POINT &
OWNERSHIP
Maximum clearance times
Anti islanding
Reconnection
No export to TNB
PROTECTION
REQUIREMENTS
Power System Study
Voltage control
Fault levels
Network capacity
Zero Export/Import limits
Supply quality
Protection
Control/SCADA facilities
Earthing
Stability
Synchronizing arrangements
Operation and safety
Anti islanding
CONNECTION
REQUIREMENTS
Upgrading of TNB interconnection feeder
RMU to VCB, or
Upgrade existing VCB
Reverse power protection, to disconnect from TNBduring TNB loss of main
Protection coordination,
to isolate internal fault within customer,
avoid disturbance to nearby TNB customers
SCADA/RTU
Provide monitoring & control of interconnection feeder toRegional Control Centre
Typical Upgrading Requirements
Cogeneration Connection Process
PLANNING
Discussion
Exchange of information
Preliminary information
PSS
TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT
DG developer to conduct PSS
Load flow analysis
Short Circuit Analysis
Transient stability
DESIGN OF
INTERCONNECTION
Interconnection
scheme
Upgrading
Project costing
CALCULATION OF CC
Connection charges
based on upgrading
costs & declaration
top up,
standby
PAYMENT OF CC
DG developer pays
connection charges
and agrees to
interconnection
agreement
INTERCONNECTION
UPGRADING
Construction of cogen
plant and upgrading of
interconnection
Project coordination
PROJECT TESTING &
COMMISSIONING
Pre-commissioning
coordination
OPERATION & CONTROL
Both DG developer and
TNB to coordinate
operation of the plant
according to the
Connection Operation
Manual
TERIMA KASIH
Confidential
Implementing of Cogeneration-Experience from Japan-
November 2015
Tokyo Gas Co. LTD.
Asia Pacific Regional Office
Yasushi Sakakibara
Confidential
1. Cogeneration Installation in Japan
2. Key factors for Cogeneration Installation
3. Cogeneration Market in Malaysia
Table of Contents
32
Confidential
1. Cogeneration Installation in Japan
33
Confidential34
(Cases [L
ine G
raph]
)
(Cap
acity M
W [B
ar Chart]
)
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
81 84 87 90 93 96 99 02 05 08 11 14
FY
Residential(MW)
Indusrial(MW)
Commercial(MW)
Commercial(# of cases)
Industrial(# of cases)
Gas Cogeneration Installation in Japan
Cumulative Total 505MW, 230,376 Cases (as of end FY2014)
505MW
6,148
1,046
223,542(Residential)
Confidential
Future Growing Potential due to (1) Energy Cost Reduction(2) Energy Saving & CO2 Reduction (3) Energy Safety
Future Outlook of Cogeneration Installation
35
Confidential
2. Key Factors for Cogeneration Installation
36
Confidential37
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
81 84 87 90 93 96 99 02 05 08 11 14
FY
Resdientila(MW)
Indusrial(MW)
Commercial(MW)
Commercial(# of units)
Industrial(# of units)
<Gas>LNG Market Price
<Electricity>Market Price of Oil, LNG, Coal
<Power Generation Mix>
(1) Gas/Electricity Price
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Ele
ctr
icity P
rice(J
PY/k
Wh)
Red L
ine
Gas P
rice (
JPY/M
MBtu
) Blu
e L
ine
FY
<Gas/Electricity Price>
Gas(LNG) Price
Electricity Price (Industrial & Commercial average)
Confidential
①Power Generation Efficiency Improvement
(2) Technological DevelopmentEff
icie
ncy
Output
~1980
~2000
1980~2000
Lean Burn
Efficient Lean Burn
Mirror Cycle
Combustion Control Optimization
7
Gas Engine
Gas Turbine
Source: The Japan Gas Association
Confidential39
Efficiency Cost Reduction
Gas Engine Small Current 2020 2030
34% → Over 42% → Over 45%
2020
▲25%~▲30%(Based on 0.2~1.50MW
Annual production)
Mid Current 2020 2030
40% → Over 45% → Over 50%
Large Current 2020
48% → Over 50%
Gas Turbine Current 2020 2030
33% → Over 36% → Over 38%
2020 ▲20%(Based on 1MW
Annual production)
<Future Target>
(2) Technological Development①Power Generation Efficiency Improvement
Source: The Japan Gas Association
Confidential
Electricity
Waste
Hot
Wate
r
Chilled Water
Gas
GasElectricity
Electricity
・Priority Utilization of Gas Engine Waste Hot Water・Higher efficiency due to technology development
Genelink(Waste Heat Recovery
Absorption Chiller)
・Power Generation by temperature gap between Waste Hot water and normal water・Under development for cost reduction and efficiency improvement
Binary Power Machine
Binary Power Machine
Genelink
Developed
Under Development
② Newly Developed System to enhance Waste Heat Recovery
(2) Technological Development
Waste
Hot
Wate
rOther types of chiller,Hummidity Control etc.
40
Confidential41
(2) Technological Development
③ Common System Package for cost reduction
Confidential
Total Floor Space:40,000m2 (3buildings)Project Period:9yrs from 2006FY
Installation:350kW Gas CHP
・Power, Hot & Cold Water Circulation
・Efficient Operation by Aggregation of Energy Demand
新横浜地区3施設
42
(3) Business Scheme – Energy Circulation –
Hot Water
Cold Water
○Efficient Operation by Area Energy Circulation among 3 buildings○Subsidized by Government
11
<3 Buildings in Shinyokohama>
Sports Center
Rehabilitation Center Medical
Center
Before After
Circulation
Sports Center
Sports Center
Rehabilitation Center
Rehabilitation Center
MedicalCenter
MedicalCenter
ON Off ON Off ON ON Off Off Off OffON ON
Confidential43
C重油ボイラ C重油ボイラ 50t(予備) 抽気排圧タービン
復水タービン
ディーゼル発電機
構内電力
ガスタービン
65t/h(最大) 復水タービン
ガスタービン 33t/h(最少) 11t/h(最大)
7t/h(最少)
廃熱ボイラ(排気再燃システム)
S T
S T
S T
小売電力(エネット)都市ガス
G T
G T
9 0 t9 0 t5 0 t(予備)
蒸気 8 .8 2 M P a蒸気 0 .2 5 M P a
吸気冷却(吸収式冷凍機)
低圧蒸気 0 .2 5 M P a
高圧蒸気 1 .0 0 M P a
5,000kW×5台
28,500kW
28,500kW
13,000kW
1,600kW
90t、98t(予備)
5,200kW
設備廃棄
余剰電力販売
導入設備
LocationKyoto, Uji-city(Area 311,781m²)
Installation FacilitiesGas Turbine(57,000kW)、Steam Turbine(5,200kW)Heat Recovery Boiler(152t/h)
●Chemical Factory-Yunichika in Uji
CO2 Reductionby
38%
(3) Business Scheme – Selling Excess Power to Grid –
Limited Cases due to not attractive selling price to grid
12
Excess Power Sales to Grid
Gas Turbine
Gas Turbine
Gas
Primary Energy Reduction by
19%
Steam
Steam Turbine
Steam Turbine
Steam
Steam Turbine
Absorption Chiller
~
~
Heat Recovery Boiler
Oil Boiler Oil Boiler
Diesel Generator
Disposal
Installation
Confidential
Contents of Energy Service
Gas
Company
Power
CompanyCustomer
Tokyo Gas Group
CGS、Boiler、OtherUtility Facilities
SteamPower
Consulting
O&M
EPC
44
(3) Business Scheme – Energy Service –
Finance
One-stop Service
No investment on energy facilities
Improves ROA by off-balance sheet energy equipments
Labor cost savings in energy service facilities by outsourcing EPCC engineer
Operation, Maintenance & Management operator
Tax payment procedure
Energy and operational cost savings enabled by expertise and know-how of ES provider
Benefits of Energy Service
Ownership
Confidential
◆ Number of customers of energy service ◆ Power generation capacity (kW) of energy service
45
Track Records : Growth of On-Site Energy Service of Tokyo Gas Group
(3) Business Scheme – Energy Service –
Aournd 500 customers with 350 MW (around 20% of Tokyo Gas CHP)
Confidential46
(4) Government Support
Confidential
3. Cogeneration Market in Malaysia
47
Confidential
Example of Co-Generation System Utilization
48
Confidential
Establishment of GMEA in 2014
New Join Venture between GMB[66%] and ENAC (100% TG subsidiary)[34%]Marketing of Energy Service with CHP systems in MalaysiaFirst Energy Service Contract with Toray in Penang(16MW×2Gas Turbine)
GMB
City Gas
GMEA
PFR TPM PAB
Electricity Steam
Fixed FeeVariable Fee
Toray
One Stop Energy Service with Finance,
Ownership, EPC, Maintenance
New Energy Service Company in Malaysia
19
Confidential
Energy Service
Business know-how
Waste Heat Recovery
Improvement Skill
Various CHP
Experiences in Japan
Experiences for
Best Proposal to
each industry
CHP Evaluation Skill
(life cycle efficiency,
Reliability)
50
GMEA
Energy Saving & Energy Cost Reduction &CO2 saving in Malaysia
Towards Advanced Nations
Energy Service in Malaysia
Confidential
Promotion of Sustainable Development in Malaysia
-+
【Energy Policy】
- Increase of gas and electricity prices to reduce energy subsidies
- Promotion of energy conservation
Sustainable Development of Energy Market and Economy
Market
- Concerns on energy costs increase
- Risk to lose competitiveness of industries in Malaysia
Technology Measures
- CHP
- High-efficiency equipment
Business Approaches
- Engineering & risk management services
- Energy Service business
Institutional Measures
- Tax incentive/Capital grant
- De-regulation
- Moderate spark spread
51
Importance of policy making to promote introductions of CHPs and energy saving systems
Confidential
2014-
Jan
2014-
Nov
2015-
Apr2015-Jul
Future-
case1
Future-
case2
Simple Pay Back Period 3.05 3.11 3.50 3.86 7.36 5.03
Gas Price 88 91 91 100 150 150
Electricity Price 106 106 100 100 100 110
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
EN
ER
GY
PR
IC
E C
HA
NG
E
SIM
PLE P
AY
BA
CK
PER
IO
D(Y
RS
)
Simple Pay Back Period Gas Price Electricity Price
52
CHP Economics
Capital cost Energy cost saving - Maintenance costSimple Pay Back =
Model : 6.5MW Gas Turbine with 14.8 t/h steam(18 bar.g)
Economics is changing due to current tariff changes Appropriate balance of gas/electricity tariff is necessary
Current=3.9 Yrs
Confidential53
Our Concerns
Malaysia Japan
Tariff(Fuel
Portion)
Controlled by Government
⇒ Appropriate balance between gas and power
(ex.CHP/IPP Same tariff)
Market Price
Clear CHP Policy
Necessity of Clear statement on Future
Price or any other support
(Special tariff on excess power /Mitigation for necessary
qualification [B4 charge-man] etc)
Support Capital Grant, etc
Confidential
Thank You!
54
Confidential55
What is CHP?
Confidential56
Japan = 0.69(Thermal Power Generation)
Malaysia
Why CHP?
Confidential57
<Japan><Malaysia>
CHP Energy Efficiency
Conventio
nal S
yste
mCH
P S
yste
m
Confidential58
CHP Incentives
Confidential59
Gas Engine
Gas Turbine
Steam20%
Hot Water20%
Electricity20%
Electricity30%
Steam40%
For High Electricity Demand(Car Engine)
For High Steam Demand (Airplane Engine)
Gas Engine/ Gas Turbine