Protestsand

Reformers

The Luddites 1811-1816

Attacks on the “frames” [power looms].Ned Ludd [a mythical figure supposed to live in Sherwood Forest]

Thomas Malthus

Population growth will ALWAYSoutpace the food supply.

War, disease, or faminecould control population.

The poor should have less children.

Food supply will then keep up with population.

David RicardoRicardo said wages

would always be low

“Iron Law of Wages.”

When wages are high,workers have morechildren.

More children create alarge labor surplus thatdepresses wages.

The UtilitariansJeremy Bentham & John Stuart Mill

Utilitarianism: The goal of society is the greatest good for the greatest number.

There is a role to play for government intervention to provide some social safety net.

Jeremy Bentham

The SocialistsMixed Economy

•People as a society would operate and own the means of production, not individuals.

•Their goal was a society that benefited everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few.

•Tried to build perfect communities [utopias].

The UtopiansRobert Owen

1. everyone is a product of their environment so it is important to support education and labor reforms

2. children need school not working in factories (Factory Labor Act in 1833)

3. Important to support people of society for society to get ahead

All is good- Founder of Socialism

The Socialists

The SocialistsMarxists

Karl MarxFrederick Engels

(The Beard Guys...)

They co-wrote The CommunistManifesto

The SocialistsMarxists

This radical form of Socialism becomes known as Communism with a Command Economy

Communist or Command Economy

Communism as a political philosophy:

1. Workers will own all means of production (no more factory owners who are richer....)

2. Everyone will equally share in wealth of society (no more haves and have-nots)

3. To achieve this radical new society it will require violence and revolution

Communist or Command Economy

Communism as an economic form is called a command economy

Govt decides what is made, by whom, and how it is made

Capitalism/ Free Market Economy

Adam Smith

A Wealth of Nations

Capitalism/ Free Market Economy

In the 1800s govts made the decisions about what to produce and how to produce it

For example- most nations used high tariffs (taxes on imports) to raise the price of foreign made goods and discourage their own citizens from buying them.

Capitalism/ Free Market Economy

The Scottish philosopher Adam Smith brought a new idea:

*the wealth of a nation as the amount of goods & services that a nation is capable of producing.

*Smith argued that in most cases, gov’t should not attempt to influence what goods are produced, how they are produced, or whether consumers brought domestically or from foreign producers

CapitalismFree Market Economy

Shift from mercantilism to laissez-faire economics(”Hands off”)

Characteristics of a Market Economy

1. Private Property2. Freedom of choice3. Self-interest4. Profit motive5. Markets and Prices6. Competition7. Limited Gov’t

Review of Isms...

According to Karl Marx, history is the record of thea. granting of more political liberties to all people b. struggle between classes in society c. wars and conflicts between national leaders d. increasing prosperity brought about by industrialization

Explanation: Marx wrote in The Communist Manifesto (1848) that all of human history is based on the conflict between the bourgeoisie (those who own the means of production) and the proletariat (working class). He predicted that the proletariat would rise up in a violent revolution to overthrow the bourgeoisie and create a society with an equal distribution of goods and services.

A main idea of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles’ Communist Manifesto is that the proletariata. would need foreign help to achieve its revolutionary ends b. had to cooperate with the capitalists to gain economic rewards c. should allow the capitalists to control the means of production d. must unite to overthrow the capitalist class

Explanation: Marx and Engles wrote in The Communist Manifesto (1848) that all of human history is based on the conflict between the bourgeoisie (those who own the means of production) and the proletariat (working class). He predicted that the proletariat would unite and rise up in a violent revolution to overthrow the bourgeoisie and create a society with an equal distribution of goods and services.

“The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains…Workers of the world, unite!”

This statement was made in response to conditions resulting from thea. Protestant Reformation b. Counter-Reformation c. Commercial Revolution d. Industrial Revolution

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation: During the Industrial Revolution, workers (the proletariat) often suffered under harsh working conditions and with little pay in the factories of the bourgeoisie. These conditions led Marx and Engles to draft the Communist Manifesto to urge workers to revolt against the upper classes in favor of a system of socialism, where all citizens would benefit from all of the property and resources in a nation.

According to the theories of Karl Marx, history can be viewed as a1. succession of famines that result in the destruction of civilizations 2. repeating cycle of imperialism and colonialism 3. listing of the accomplishments of the ruling classes 4. continuous struggle between economic classes

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation: Marx wrote in The Communist Manifesto (1848) that all of human history is based on the conflict between the bourgeoisie (those who own the means of production) and the proletariat (working class). He predicted that the proletariat would rise up in a violent revolution to overthrow the bourgeoisie and create a society with an equal distribution of goods and services.