PsychopharmacologyPsychopharmacologyDepartment of PsychiatryDepartment of Psychiatry

11stst Faculty of Medicine Faculty of MedicineCharles University, PragueCharles University, Prague

Head: Prof. MUDr. Jiří Raboch, DrSc.Head: Prof. MUDr. Jiří Raboch, DrSc.

Main Psychopharmacological Main Psychopharmacological DrugsDrugs

AntipsychoticsAntipsychotics AntidepresantsAntidepresants AnxiolyticsAnxiolytics HypnoticsHypnotics CognitivCognitiveess PsychostimulantsPsychostimulants

Overview of AntipsychoticsOverview of AntipsychoticsConventional AntipsychoticsConventional Antipsychotics

Chem. GroupChem. Group Generic NameGeneric Name Trade MarkTrade Mark Dose (mg)Dose (mg)

PhenothiazinesPhenothiazines

chlorpromazinechlorpromazine CHLORPROMAZIN, CHLORPROMAZIN, LARGACTIL, LARGACTIL, PLEGOMAZIN, PLEGOMAZIN, MEGAPHEN, MEGAPHEN, THORAZINTHORAZIN

200-800200-800

levomepromazinlevomepromazinee

TISERCIN, NOZINAN TISERCIN, NOZINAN 50-40050-400

thioridazinethioridazine THIORIDAZIN, THIORIDAZIN, MELLERILMELLERIL

100-600100-600

periciazinepericiazine NEULEPTIL NEULEPTIL 10-4010-40

ThioxanthesThioxanthes

chlorprothixenechlorprothixene CHLORPROTHIXEN, CHLORPROTHIXEN, TRUXALTRUXAL

100-600100-600

clopenthixolclopenthixol CISORDINOL, CISORDINOL, CLOPIXOLCLOPIXOL

20-10020-100

Overview of AntipsychoticsOverview of AntipsychoticsConventional AntipsychoticsConventional Antipsychotics

Chem. GroupChem. Group Generic NameGeneric Name Trade MarkTrade Mark Dose (mg)Dose (mg)

PhenothiazinesPhenothiazines

perfenazineperfenazine PERFENAZIN, TRILAFON, PERFENAZIN, TRILAFON, PERATSINPERATSIN

16-2416-24

prochlorperazineprochlorperazine PROCHLORPERAZIN, PROCHLORPERAZIN, STEMETILSTEMETIL

20-8020-80

flufenazineflufenazine MODITENMODITEN 2-162-16

trifluoperazinetrifluoperazine STELAZINSTELAZIN 10-5010-50

ThioxanthenesThioxanthenes flupenthixolflupenthixol FLUANXOLFLUANXOL 6-186-18

ButyrophenonesButyrophenoneshaloperidolhaloperidol HALOPERIDOL, HALDOL, HALOPERIDOL, HALDOL,

APO-HALOPERIDOLAPO-HALOPERIDOL2,5-102,5-10

melperonemelperone BURONILBURONIL 50-30050-300

DiphenylbutylDiphenylbutylpiperidinespiperidines

pimozidepimozide ORAPORAP 2-102-10

fluspirilenfluspirilen IMAPIMAP 2-102-10

penfluridolpenfluridol SEMAPSEMAP 2-602-60

PerathiepinesPerathiepines oxyprothepinoxyprothepin MECLOPINMECLOPIN 5-205-20

AntipsychoticsAntipsychoticsof the 2of the 2ndnd Generation Generation

Generic NameGeneric Name Trade MarkTrade Mark Dose (mg)Dose (mg)

D2, D3 selective antagonistsD2, D3 selective antagonists

sulpiridesulpiride DOGMATIL, PROSULPINDOGMATIL, PROSULPIN 50-120050-1200

amisulprideamisulpride SOLIAN, DENIBANSOLIAN, DENIBAN 50-120050-1200

SDASDA

risperidonerisperidone RISPERDAL, RISPENRISPERDAL, RISPEN, , RISPERDAL QUICKLETRISPERDAL QUICKLET

4-84-8

ziprasidoneziprasidone ZELDOXZELDOX 40-16040-160

sertindolesertindole SERDOLECTSERDOLECT 12-2012-20

MARTAMARTA

clozapineclozapine LEPONEXLEPONEX 200-600200-600

olanzapineolanzapine ZYPREXAZYPREXA i.m. inj. 10 mg i.m. inj. 10 mg 5-205-20

quetiapinequetiapine SEROQUELSEROQUEL 300-600300-600

zotepinezotepine ZOLEPTILZOLEPTIL 75-30075-300

AntipsychoticsAntipsychoticsof the 2of the 2ndnd Generation Generation

EfficacyEfficacy1.1. Positive symptoms are influenced significantly better than Positive symptoms are influenced significantly better than

placebo, and equally or more then by the classical placebo, and equally or more then by the classical antidopaminergic neuroleptics.antidopaminergic neuroleptics.

2.2. Negative symptoms are reduced significantly better than by Negative symptoms are reduced significantly better than by placebo or classical antidopaminergic neuroleptics.placebo or classical antidopaminergic neuroleptics.

3.3. Affective symptoms are influenced better than by placebo or Affective symptoms are influenced better than by placebo or classical antidopaminergic neuroleptics.classical antidopaminergic neuroleptics.

4.4. They significantly reduce or prevent the cognitive They significantly reduce or prevent the cognitive impairment. The reduction is higher in comparison to impairment. The reduction is higher in comparison to classical antidopaminergic neuroleptics.classical antidopaminergic neuroleptics.

5.5. The treatment resistant patients with schizophrenia are The treatment resistant patients with schizophrenia are improved significantly better than by placebo and at least improved significantly better than by placebo and at least equally as by clozapine.equally as by clozapine.

6.6. Maintenance treatment is more effective than maintenance Maintenance treatment is more effective than maintenance on placebo and at least as effective as maintenance on on placebo and at least as effective as maintenance on classical neuroleptics.classical neuroleptics.

Antipsychotics of the 3Antipsychotics of the 3rdrd generationgeneration

Generic Name Generic Name názevnázev Trade MarkTrade Mark Dose (mg)Dose (mg) Mechanism of EfficacyMechanism of Efficacy

aripiprazolaripiprazol ABILIFYABILIFY 15-3015-30

Dopamine-serotonin Dopamine-serotonin stabiliserstabiliser

Parcial agonist of D2 Parcial agonist of D2 and 5-HTand 5-HT1A1A receptors receptors

Antagonist of 5-HTAntagonist of 5-HT2A2A receptorsreceptors

Depot Antipsychotics Depot Antipsychotics

Generic NameGeneric Name Trade MarkTrade Mark Mean Dose Mean Dose (mg)(mg)

IntervalInterval

flufenazinflufenazin MODITEN DEPOTMODITEN DEPOT 2525

14-28 14-28 daysdays

oxyprothepinoxyprothepin MECLOPINMECLOPIN 2525

haloperidolhaloperidol HALDOL DEPOTHALDOL DEPOT 100100

flupenthixolflupenthixol FLUANXOL DEPOTFLUANXOL DEPOT 4040

zuclopenthixolzuclopenthixol CISORDINOL CISORDINOL DEPOTDEPOT

200200

fluspirilenfluspirilen IMAPIMAP 66 7 days !!7 days !!

risperidonerisperidone RISPERDAL RISPERDAL CONSTACONSTA

20-3020-30 14 days14 days

Rapid Tranquilizers Rapid Tranquilizers

pro dosi (mg)pro dosi (mg) pro die (mg)pro die (mg)

chlorpromazinchlorpromazin 100-200100-200 800-1200800-1200

levopromazin levopromazin

(TISERCIN)(TISERCIN)50-10050-100 500-600500-600

haloperidolhaloperidol 5-105-10 40-10040-100

chlorprothixenchlorprothixen 100-150100-150 500-600500-600

zuclopenthixol zuclopenthixol

(CISORDINOL (CISORDINOL ACUTARD)ACUTARD)

50-15050-150 (24-72 (24-72 hohoursurs))

tiapridetiapride

(TIAPRIDAL)(TIAPRIDAL)600-1200600-1200

Indication of AntidepressantsIndication of Antidepressants

Depressive DisturbancesDepressive Disturbances Affective DisordersAffective Disorders ObseObsessivessive-Compulsive Disorders-Compulsive Disorders Panic DisordersPanic Disorders Eating DisordersEating Disorders Psychosomatic DisordersPsychosomatic Disorders Posttraumatic Stress DisorderPosttraumatic Stress Disorder Alcohol and Drugs Withdrawal SymptomsAlcohol and Drugs Withdrawal Symptoms Pain SyndromesPain Syndromes EnuresisEnuresis NarcolepsyNarcolepsy

Neurotransmitter Reuptake Inhibition Neurotransmitter Reuptake Inhibition and Binding Affinity to Receptorsand Binding Affinity to Receptors

Receptors:

SE Serotonergic

NE Noradrenergic

M Muscarinic

H Histaminic

-N alpha noradrenergic

AntidepressantAntidepressants:s:Monoamine Reuptake InhibitorsMonoamine Reuptake Inhibitors

1st Generation of Antidepressants (TCA, TeCA)1st Generation of Antidepressants (TCA, TeCA)

Generic NameGeneric Name Trade MarkTrade Mark Doses (mg)Doses (mg) Mechanism of Mechanism of EfficacyEfficacy

amitriptyline amitriptyline AMITRIPTYLINAMITRIPTYLIN 75-20075-200Inhibition of Inhibition of Serotonin Serotonin and/or and/or Norepinephrine Norepinephrine Reuptake Reuptake Followed by Followed by Increase of Increase of their their Concentrations Concentrations in Synaptic in Synaptic CleftCleft

nortriptylinenortriptyline NORTRILENNORTRILEN 50-15050-150

imipramineimipramine MELIPRAMINMELIPRAMIN 75-25075-250

clomipramineclomipramine ANAFRANIL, ANAFRANIL, HYDIPHENHYDIPHEN

75-22575-225

dosulepindosulepin PROTHIADENPROTHIADEN 100-300100-300

dibenzepinedibenzepine NOVERILNOVERIL 240-720240-720

maprotilinemaprotiline LUDIOMIL, LUDIOMIL, MAPROTILINEMAPROTILINE

75-15075-150

11stst Generation of Antidepressants Generation of Antidepressants

Mechanism of action:Mechanism of action: Blockade of muscarine receptorsBlockade of muscarine receptors Histamine H1 receptorsHistamine H1 receptors Alpha 1 Adrenergic ReceptorsAlpha 1 Adrenergic Receptors Alpha 2 Adrenergic ReceptorsAlpha 2 Adrenergic Receptors

Many Side EffectsMany Side Effects Danger of IntoxicationDanger of Intoxication Many InteractionsMany Interactions Prolonged Effect (after 3-6 Weeks)Prolonged Effect (after 3-6 Weeks)

22ndnd Generation of Antidepressants Generation of Antidepressants

22ndnd Generation of Antidepressants Generation of Antidepressants

Generic NameGeneric Name Trade MarkTrade Mark Mean Doses Mean Doses (mg)(mg)

MechanismMechanism

viloxazineviloxazine VIVALAN VIVALAN 100-300100-300 Norepinephrine Norepinephrine Reuptake Reuptake InhibitionInhibition

33rdrd Generation of Antidepressants Generation of AntidepressantsGeneric NameGeneric Name Trade MarkTrade Mark Mean Doses Mean Doses

(mg)(mg)MechanismMechanism

SSRISSRI

fluvoxaminefluvoxamine FEVARIN FEVARIN 100-300100-300

Selective Selective Serotonin Serotonin Reuptake Reuptake InhibitionInhibition

fluoxetinefluoxetine DEPREX, DEPRENON, DEPREX, DEPRENON, PROZAC, PORTAL, PROZAC, PORTAL, FLOXET, FLUXONIL, FLOXET, FLUXONIL, MAGRILANMAGRILAN

20-6020-60

citalopramcitalopram SEROPRAM, CITALECSEROPRAM, CITALEC, , CEROTER, PRAMCEROTER, PRAM

20-6020-60

escitalopramescitalopram CIPRALEX CIPRALEX 10-2010-20

paroxetineparoxetine SEROXAT, PAROLEXSEROXAT, PAROLEX, , APO-PAROX, REMODAPO-PAROX, REMOD

20-6020-60

sertralinesertraline ZOLOFT, SERLIFT, ZOLOFT, SERLIFT, ASENTRAASENTRA, STIMULOTON, STIMULOTON

50-20050-200

33rdrd Generation of Antidepressants Generation of Antidepressants

Generic NameGeneric Name Trade MarkTrade Mark Mean Doses Mean Doses (mg)(mg)

MechanismMechanism

SARISARIAntidepressants with Doubled Serotonergic EfficacyAntidepressants with Doubled Serotonergic Efficacy

trazodonetrazodone TRITTICO AC TRITTICO AC 4-84-8Double Serotonergic Double Serotonergic EfficacyEfficacynefazodonnefazodon

eeSERZONE, SERZONE, DUTONIN DUTONIN

100-300100-300

NARINARI

reboxetinereboxetine EDRONAXEDRONAX 4-84-8 Norepinephrine Norepinephrine Reuptake InhibitionReuptake Inhibition

tianeptinetianeptine COAXILCOAXIL 7575 Increasing of Serotonin Increasing of Serotonin ReuptakeReuptake

44thth Generation of Antidepressants Generation of AntidepressantsDual acting antidepressantsDual acting antidepressants

Mixed reuptake inhibitorsMixed reuptake inhibitorsGeneric NameGeneric Name Trade MarkTrade Mark Mean Doses Mean Doses

(mg)(mg)MechanismMechanism

SNRISNRI

venlafaxinevenlafaxine EFECTINEFECTIN 75-37575-375

Serotonin and Serotonin and Norepinephrine Norepinephrine Reuptake InhibitionReuptake Inhibition

venlafaxine venlafaxine ER (extended ER (extended relesase)relesase)

EFECTIN EREFECTIN ER 75-22575-225

milnacipranemilnaciprane IXELIXEL, , DALCIPRANDALCIPRAN

50-10050-100

DNRIDNRI

bupropionebupropione WELLBUTRIN WELLBUTRIN ZYBANZYBAN

150-300150-300 Dopamine and Dopamine and Norepinephrine Norepinephrine Reuptake InhibitionReuptake Inhibition

44thth Generation of Antidepressants Generation of AntidepressantsGeneric NameGeneric Name Trade MarkTrade Mark Mean Doses Mean Doses

(mg)(mg)MechanismMechanism

Blockade of Blockade of 22-adrenoceptors-adrenoceptors

mianserinmianserin LERIVON, LERIVON, MIABENEMIABENE

60-9060-90 Increasing Synthesis Increasing Synthesis and Releasing of and Releasing of Norepinephrine, Norepinephrine, Blockade Alpha-2 Blockade Alpha-2 Adrenoceptors on Adrenoceptors on Serotonergic Neurons Serotonergic Neurons and Increasing and Increasing Production and Production and Releasing of Serotonin Releasing of Serotonin

mirtazapinemirtazapine REMERONREMERON, , ESPRITAL, ESPRITAL, REMERON REMERON sol. tab.sol. tab.

15-4515-45

Other Monoamine Reuptake InhibitorsOther Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitors

hypericum hypericum perforatumperforatum

JARSINJARSIN 900900 Weak Inhibitor of NA, 5-Weak Inhibitor of NA, 5-HT, DAHT, DA

MAO Inhibitors MAO Inhibitors

Non Selective and Irreversible: (IMAO A, IMAO B)Non Selective and Irreversible: (IMAO A, IMAO B)

phenelzinephenelzine NARDILNARDIL

isocarboxazidisocarboxazid MARPLANMARPLAN

nialamidenialamide NIAMID, NUREDALNIAMID, NUREDAL

tranylcyprominetranylcypromine PARNATEPARNATE

Selective and ReversibleSelective and Reversible

MAO AMAO A

moclobemidemoclobemide AURORIXAURORIX

brofarominebrofaromine CONSONARCONSONAR

toloxatonetoloxatoneHUMORYLHUMORYL

MAO BMAO B selegiline (L-deprenyl)selegiline (L-deprenyl) SEPATREM, JUMEXSEPATREM, JUMEX

Other Psychotropics with Other Psychotropics with Antidepressant EffectAntidepressant Effect

ThymoprophylacticsThymoprophylactics

lithiumlithium LITHIUM CARBONICUM, CONTEMNOLLITHIUM CARBONICUM, CONTEMNOL

Antiepileptics Antiepileptics of 2nd of 2nd GenerationGeneration

carbamazepinecarbamazepine BISTON, TEGRETOL, FINLEPSIN, BISTON, TEGRETOL, FINLEPSIN, TIMONILTIMONIL

salts of valproic salts of valproic acidacid

EVERIDEN, CONVULEX, ORFIRIL, EVERIDEN, CONVULEX, ORFIRIL, DEPAMIDDEPAMID

Antiepileptics Antiepileptics of 3rd of 3rd GenerationGeneration

lamotriginelamotrigine LAMICTALLAMICTAL

gabapentinegabapentine GABAPENTIN, NEURONTINGABAPENTIN, NEURONTIN

topiramatetopiramate TOPAMAXTOPAMAX

Atypical Antipsychotics - SDAAtypical Antipsychotics - SDA

clozapineclozapine LEPONEX, CLOZARIL, ALEMOXANLEPONEX, CLOZARIL, ALEMOXAN

olanzapineolanzapine ZYPREXAZYPREXA

quetiapinequetiapine SEROQUELSEROQUEL

ThymoprophylacticsThymoprophylactics

Generic NameGeneric Name Trade MarkTrade Mark Doses (mg)Doses (mg) Blood Serum Blood Serum ConcentrationConcentration

lithium lithium carbonicumcarbonicum

LITHIUM LITHIUM CARBONICUMCARBONICUM 900 – 1000900 – 1000 00..5 – 05 – 0..8 8

mmol/lmmol/l

CONTEMNOLCONTEMNOL 1000 - 15001000 - 1500 00..8 – 8 – 1.1.2 2 mmol/lmmol/l

carbamazepinecarbamazepineBISTON, BISTON, TEGRETOL, TEGRETOL, TIMONILTIMONIL

400 - 1500400 - 1500 5 – 105 – 10 ng/mlng/ml

valproic acidvalproic acid EVERIDEN, EVERIDEN, ORFIRIL,ORFIRIL, 900 - 2000900 - 2000 50 - 100 50 - 100

ng/mlng/ml

Action Profiles of BenzodiazepinesAction Profiles of Benzodiazepines

Relief of anxiety

Anticonvulsant Sedationaction Induction of sleep

Muscle relaxation

Ansseau, M., Doumont, A., Diricq, S.: Methodology required to show clinical differences between benzodiazepines. Curr Med Res Opin 8, Suppl. 4, 108-114 (1984). (Except <Dormicum> and <Dalmadorm>)

Benzodiazepine AnxiolyticsBenzodiazepine Anxiolytics

Indication:Indication: States of AnxietyStates of Anxiety SleeplessnessSleeplessness Withdrawal SymptomsWithdrawal Symptoms Depressive StatesDepressive States EpilepsyEpilepsy ConvulsionsConvulsions Tetanus NeonatorumTetanus Neonatorum Extrapyramidal Undesirable Side Effects of Extrapyramidal Undesirable Side Effects of

AntipsychoticsAntipsychotics Premedication in AnaestesiologyPremedication in Anaestesiology Panic States (Alprazolam, Bromazepam, Panic States (Alprazolam, Bromazepam,

Clonazepam in High Doses)Clonazepam in High Doses) Algidic Syndromes (Stomatodynie, Neuralgie Algidic Syndromes (Stomatodynie, Neuralgie

Trigemini, Cephalgia)Trigemini, Cephalgia)

AnxiolyticsAnxiolyticsGeneric NameGeneric Name Trade MarkTrade Mark FormForm Mean Doses (mg)Mean Doses (mg)

Propandiol DerivatesPropandiol Derivates

guaiphenesineguaiphenesine GUAJACURANGUAJACURAN drg. 200,400mgdrg. 200,400mginj. 1 ginj. 1 g

400 - 3000400 - 3000

MephenoxalonMephenoxalonee

DORSIFLEX, DORSIFLEX, DIMEXOLDIMEXOL

tbl. 200 mgtbl. 200 mg 400 - 1200400 - 1200

meprobamatemeprobamate MEPROBAMAT MEPROBAMAT LÉČIVALÉČIVA

tbl. 400 mgtbl. 400 mg 800 - 2400800 - 2400

Piperazin DerivatesPiperazin Derivates

hydroxyzinehydroxyzine ATARAXATARAX tbl. 10, 25 mgtbl. 10, 25 mginj. 100 mginj. 100 mgsir.sir.

20 – 10020 – 100300 - 400300 - 400

Azapiron DerivatesAzapiron Derivates

buspironebuspirone ANXIRONANXIRON, , BUSPIRONBUSPIRON-EGIS-EGIS

tbl. 5, 10 mgtbl. 5, 10 mg 15-3015-30

Anxiolytics Anxiolytics (Benzodiazepine Derivates)(Benzodiazepine Derivates)Generic NameGeneric Name Trade MarkTrade Mark FormForm Mean Doses Mean Doses

(mg)(mg)

diazepamdiazepam DIAZEPAM SLOVAKOFARMADIAZEPAM SLOVAKOFARMAAPO-DIAZEPAMAPO-DIAZEPAMAPAURIN, SEDUXENAPAURIN, SEDUXENDIAZEPAM DESITINDIAZEPAM DESITINDIAZEPAM DESITIN SUPP.DIAZEPAM DESITIN SUPP.

tbl.tbl.2.5; 10 mg2.5; 10 mginj. 10 mginj. 10 mg

supp. 5 mgsupp. 5 mg

10 - 6010 - 60

chlordiazepoxidechlordiazepoxide DEFOBIN, ELENIUMDEFOBIN, ELENIUMRAPEDURRAPEDUR

tbl. a drg.tbl. a drg.10 mg 10 mg

20 - 6020 - 60

oxazepamoxazepam OXAZEPAM LÉČIVA OXAZEPAM LÉČIVA tbl. 10 mgtbl. 10 mg 10 - 6010 - 60

alprazolamalprazolam NEUROLNEUROLXANAXXANAXFRONTIN, HELEXFRONTIN, HELEX

tbl. 0.25 mg ; 1 mgtbl. 0.25 mg ; 1 mgtbl. 0.25; 0.5; 1; 2 mgtbl. 0.25; 0.5; 1; 2 mg

1 - 101 - 10

bromazepambromazepam LEXAURINLEXAURIN tbl. 1; 5; 3 mgtbl. 1; 5; 3 mg 3 - 363 - 36

medazepammedazepam ANSILAN, RUDOTELANSILAN, RUDOTEL tbl. 10 mgtbl. 10 mg 20 - 4020 - 40

tofisopamtofisopam GRANDAXINGRANDAXIN tbl. 50 mgtbl. 50 mg 100 - 400100 - 400

K+ clorazepateK+ clorazepate TRANXENETRANXENE tbl. 5; 10; 50 mgtbl. 5; 10; 50 mginj. 20; 50; 100 mginj. 20; 50; 100 mg

15 – 3015 – 3050 - 30050 - 300

lorazepamlorazepam TAVORTAVOR tbl. 1; 2,5 mgtbl. 1; 2,5 mg 22

clobazamclobazam FRISIUMFRISIUM tbl. 10 mgtbl. 10 mg 20 - 6020 - 60

prazepamprazepam DEMETRINDEMETRIN tbl. 10 mgtbl. 10 mg 20 - 4020 - 40

clonazepamclonazepam RIVOTRILRIVOTRIL

ANTELEPSINANTELEPSIN

tbl. 0.5 ; 2 mgtbl. 0.5 ; 2 mggttae 10-25 mg/mlgttae 10-25 mg/mlinj. 1 mginj. 1 mgtbl. 0.25; 1 mgtbl. 0.25; 1 mg

1 - 41 - 4

AnxiolyticsAnxiolytics

32

60 60

8

32

24

6

20

63

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

diazepam alprazolam bromazepam clonazepam clobazam

Anxiolytic (eventuallyAntidepressive) EffectInhibition

HypnoticsHypnoticsGeneric NameGeneric Name Trade MarkTrade Mark FormForm Mean Doses Mean Doses

(mg)(mg)

11stst Generation Generation barbituratesbarbiturates

chloralhydratechloralhydrate CHLORALOURATCHLORALOURAT 500 – 1000500 – 1000

glutethimideglutethimide NOXYRONNOXYRON tbl. 250 mgtbl. 250 mg 250 - 500250 - 500

22ndnd Generation Generation nitrazepamnitrazepam NITRAZEPAM NITRAZEPAM SLOVAKOFARMA SLOVAKOFARMA FORTEFORTE

tbl. 5; 10 mgtbl. 5; 10 mg 5 - 205 - 20

flunitrazepamflunitrazepam ROHYPNOLROHYPNOL, , SOMNUBENESOMNUBENE

tbl. 1 a 2 mgtbl. 1 a 2 mginj. 2 mginj. 2 mg

00..5 – 25 – 21 - 21 - 2

triazolamtriazolam HALCIONHALCION tbl. 0tbl. 0..125 mg125 mg 00..125 – 0125 – 0..55

midazolammidazolam DORMICUMDORMICUM tbl. 7tbl. 7..5 a 15 mg5 a 15 mginj. 5 mginj. 5 mg

77..5 – 155 – 15

cinolazepamcinolazepam GERODORMGERODORM tbl. 40 mgtbl. 40 mg 20 – 4020 – 40

33rdrd Generation Generation zolpidemzolpidem STILNOX, STILNOX, HYPNOGENHYPNOGEN, , EANOXEANOX

tbl. 10 mgtbl. 10 mg 10 - 2010 - 20

zopiclonezopiclone IMOVANEIMOVANE tbl. 7tbl. 7..5 mg5 mg 33..75 – 775 – 7..55

zaleptonezaleptone SONATASONATA tbl. 10 mgtbl. 10 mg 5 – 105 – 10

Other Drugs Other Drugs with Hypnotic with Hypnotic EfficacyEfficacy

Antihistaminics (promethazine – PROTHAZIN)Antihistaminics (promethazine – PROTHAZIN)

Antidepressants (mirtazapine, trazodone)Antidepressants (mirtazapine, trazodone)

AntipsychoticsAntipsychotics

MelatoninsMelatonins

CognitivesCognitives

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INBITORS ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INBITORS

rivastigmine rivastigmine EXELON EXELON 8 -12 mg 8 -12 mg

donepezil donepezil ARICEPT ARICEPT 5 - 10 mg 5 - 10 mg

galantamine galantamine REMINYL REMINYL 8 - 24 mg 8 - 24 mg

NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) RECEPTOR NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTSANTAGONISTS

memantinememantine EBIXA EBIXA 10 - 30 mg 10 - 30 mg

NootropicsNootropicsIndication: Organic Disturbances of Memory and Intellect, Primary Indication: Organic Disturbances of Memory and Intellect, Primary

States, Efficacy after 2-3 MonthsStates, Efficacy after 2-3 Months

pyritinolpyritinol ENERBOLENERBOLENCEPHABOLENCEPHABOL

300 - 900300 - 900

piracetampiracetam NOOTROPIL, NOOTROPIL, PYRAMEM, KALICORPYRAMEM, KALICOR

3000 - 90003000 - 9000

Nootropics and VasodilatorsNootropics and Vasodilators(Improve Rheologic Blood Quality and Cerebral Perfusion)(Improve Rheologic Blood Quality and Cerebral Perfusion)

cinarizinecinarizine STUGERONSTUGERON 50-10050-100

vinpocetinevinpocetine CAVINTONCAVINTON 15- 3015- 30

flunarizineflunarizine SIBELIUMSIBELIUM 1010

natridrofurylnatridrofuryl ENELBINENELBINDUSODRILDUSODRIL

200-300200-300

pentoxiphylinepentoxiphyline

xanthinolxanthinol

Ergot AlkaloidsErgot Alkaloidsdihydroergotoxinedihydroergotoxine SECATOXINSECATOXIN

nicergolinenicergoline

PsychostimulantsPsychostimulants

Generic NameGeneric Name Trade MarkTrade Mark Doses (mg)Doses (mg)

amphetamineamphetamine PSYCHOTON, PSYCHOTON, ADDERALADDERAL

5 – 505 – 50

dexamphetaminedexamphetamine DEXEDRONDEXEDRON 5 – 305 – 30

ephedrineephedrine EPHEDRINEPHEDRIN 12,5 – 5012,5 – 50

mezocarbmezocarb SYDNOCARBSYDNOCARB 5 – 505 – 50

methylphenidatemethylphenidate RITALIN, RITALIN, CENTEDRINCENTEDRIN

10 – 4010 – 40

modafinilmodafinil VIGIL, VIGIL, PROVIGILPROVIGIL

200 – 400200 – 400