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Pengantar

Teknologi Informasi

dan

Ilmu Komputer

Information Technology andComputer Technology

PTIIK- UB

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DEFINITION: Information Technology (IT)describes any technology that helps to produce,

manipulate, store, communicate, and/or

disseminate information.

Part 1: Computer Technology

Part 2: Communications Technology

Information Technology

Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

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Modern Computers

Supercomputer

Mainframe

Workstation

Microcomputer

Microcontroller

Server - client

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Supercomputers

At the frontline of current processing capacity,particularly speed of calculation.

High-capacity machines with thousands

of processors

Multi-user systems

Used for U.S. Census, weather forecasting,designing aircraft, scientific projects, etc.

Japans K Computer is the largest

supercomputer Priced from $1 million to over

$1 billion (2012)

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Mainframes

Powerful computers used primarily bycorporate and governmental

organizations

For critical applications, bulk data

processing such as census, industry and

consumer statistics, enterprise resource

planning, and transaction processing.

Used by banks, airlines, colleges, and the

like for millions of transactions

Water-cooled or air-cooled

Reliability, availability, serviceability

Priced from $5,000 to $5 million (2012)

Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

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Supercomputers vs Mainframes

Supercomputer

High performance computing (speed of calculation)

Suitable for scientific and engineering problems, e.g. weather

prediction, nuclear simulation, aircraft design Mainframe

Transaction processing

Suitable for business world, e.g. inventory control (goods),

airline reservations (services), or banking (money).

Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

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Workstations

Introduced in early 1980s

Expensive, powerful personal computers

Required for scientific, mathematical, engineering,

computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aidedmanufacturing (CAM)

Used for designing cars, drugs, movie special effects

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Microcomputers

A microcomputer is a computer with amicroprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU).

It includes a microprocessor, memory, and

input/output (I/O) facilities.

The abbreviation "micro" was common during the1970s and 1980s, but has now fallen out of

common usage.

Personal computers that cost $500 to $5,000

Used either stand-alone or in a network

Types include: desktop, tower, notebooks (laptops),

netbooks, tablets, mobile internet devices (MIDs),

personal digital assistants (PDAs), e-readersAdopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

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Microcontrollers

A microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated C, uC orMCU) is a small computer on a single integrated

circuit containing a processor core, memory, and

programmable input/output peripherals.

Also called embedded computers Tiny, specialized microprocessors inside appliances

& automobiles

They are in microwaves, programmable ovens,

blood-pressure monitors, air bag sensors, vibrationsensors, MP3 players, digital cameras, keyboards,

car systems, etc.

Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

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Servers

The word serverdescribes the way a computer

whether mainframe, workstation, or PCis used.

A central computer connected (wired or wirelessly) to

other computers & peripheral devices on aclient/server network

Purpose: Hold data and programs for clients to access

and to supply services for clients

Clients are other computers, such as PCs orworkstations, on which users run applications

Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

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Three Key Concepts

1. Purpose of a computer

Turn data into information

Data: the raw facts and figures

Information: data that has been summarized andmanipulated for use in decision making

2. Hardware vs. software

Hardware = the machinery and equipment in the

computer Software (programs) = the electronic instructions

that tell the computer how to perform a task

(continued)Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

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3. The basic operationsInput: What goes in to the computer system

Processing: The manipulation a computer does totransform data into information

Storage:

Primary storage,or memory, is temporary storage.

Secondary storageispermanent storage: media suchas DVDs and CDs

Output: What comes out Numbers or pictures on the screen, printouts,

sounds

Communications: Sending and receiving data

Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

Three Key Concepts

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Understanding a Desktop

Computer

What would you need?

Keyboard & mouse (input)

Inside the system cabinet

(processing & memory) Case and power supply

Processor chip the Central Processor Unit (CPU)

Memory chips Random Access Memory (RAM)

Motherboard the system board Memory chips plug in

Processor chip plugs in

Motherboard attaches to system cabinet

Power supply is connected to system cabinet

Power supply wire is connected to motherboardAdopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

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Storage Hardware: Hard Drive, CD/DVD Drive,Flash Storage capacity is represented in bytes

1 byte = 1 character of data

1 kilobyte = 1,024 characters

1 megabyte = 1,048,576 characters 1 gigabyte = over 1 billion characters

1 terabyte = over 1 trillion characters

1 petabyte = about 1 quadrillion characters

Permanently installed: hard drives, CD/DVD

drives, slot connectors for USB and flash memory Removable media: CDs/DVDs, USB and

flash memory

Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

Understanding a Desktop

Computer

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Output hardware

Video

Sound cards

Speakers Monitor

Printer

Communications hardware

Modem

Adopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

Understanding a Desktop

Computer

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Basic PC System

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Software

System Softwareperforms essential operating tasks Most important part: operating system (OS)

Some operating system options

Windows

Unix Linux

Mac OS

Application Softwareenables user to perform tasks

Install after the OS

Compatibility: application depends on OS, forexample,

Linux applications wont work on Windows

Windows applications wont work on LinuxAdopted and Adapted from Williams and Sawyer (2012) "Using IT"

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References

Williams, B.K., and Sawyer, S.C. (2007). Using

Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to

Computers & Communications. 10th Edition, McGraw-

Hill, New York.

Brookshear, J.G. (2012) Computer Science: an Overview.

12th edition. Addison-Wesley.

Gonick, L., and Wheelis, M. (1983) The Cartoon Guide to

the Computer. Barnes and Noble Books.