Pump-Up

• We got the definition for the word indulgence on Friday. Explain how you think indulgences will lead to the Reformation.

Pump-Up• We have talked about if you were Christian during

the Middle Ages then you were Catholic. How do you think dominations such as Baptist, Lutherans, and Methodists came about?

Reformation

Today’s Vocabulary• Indulgence– Buying your way into heaven.

• Reformation– Religious reform that led to the founding of Christians

who didn’t accept the pope’s authority.

• Protestant– All Christians who belong to non-Catholic churches.

Today’s Vocabulary • Peace of Augsburg– Treaty that gave each ruler the right to decide the

religion of his own state.

• Council of Trent– During the Catholic Reformation, the Church confirmed

certain Catholic traditions to be acceptable.

Causes of the Reformation• Printing press helped spread

secular ideas.

• Many viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority.

• Merchants resented having to pay taxes to the Church.

• Church leaders began to marry, have children, drink, and were poorly educated.

Luther Challenges the Church• To Martin Luther, the sell of

indulgences meant that only the rich could get into heaven.

• He wrote the 95 Theses in response to the sell of indulgences.– Posted it on the door of the church.

• Someone copied Luther’s words and took them to a printer.– Luther’s actions began the

Reformation.

Luther’s Teachings• People could achieve salvation

by faith alone.

• The pope and Church traditions were false authorities.

• People do not need priests to interpret the Bible for them.– All people are equal in faith.

Response to Luther• Luther was excommunicated

for not taking back his statements.

• Holy Roman Emperor declared Luther an outlaw and heretic. – All of his books were burned.

• A German prince gave shelter to Luther during this time.– He translated the Bible into

German and formed a separate religious group called Lutherans.

Response to Luther Continued• Peasants demanded an end to

serfdom and went on revolts.• Luther urged the German princes

to show them no mercy.

• Those who protested against the Catholic Church became known as Protestants.– Peace of Augsburg was declared

after years of war.

England becomes Protestant • Henry VIII asked the pope to annul his

marriage with Catherine of Aragon b/c he wanted a son.– The pope refused.

• Henry broke away from the Catholic Church and became the head of the English Church.– Married Anne Boleyn, but had another

daughter.

• 3rd wife, Jane Seymour, finally produces a male heir.

Henry VIII Children• Edward become king at 9 years

old but dies at age 15.

• Mary turned England back into a Catholic nation.– Earned the nickname “Bloody

Mary”

• Elizabeth I establishes the Anglican Church of England.– Compromise between Catholic and

Protestant traditions.

Calvinism • John Calvin believed that people are

sinful by nature; therefore God has determined who will go to heaven through predestination.– The belief that God has known since the

beginning of time who will be saved.

• Calvin ruled Geneva under a Theocracy with strict rules.– Cannot wear bright clothing, play cards,

swear, fight, or dance in church.

• John Know formed the Presbyterians in Scotland.– Over threw Catholic queen

• Huguenots formed in France– St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre

Other Protestant Reforms

• Anabaptist– Believed that you should only

be baptized if you are old enough to decide to be Christian.

– Believed that church and state should be separate.

• Despite gains in religion, women were still discouraged from being leaders in the church.

The Catholic Reformation• The Jesuits helped to stop the spread of

Protestantism. – Led by Ignatius of Loyola

• The Council of Trent reaffirms traditions and beliefs of the Catholic Church.– The Church’s interpretation of the Bible

was final.– Faith AND good works were needed for

salvation.

• Books that were found offensive to Catholicism were burned.

Legacy of the Reformation• New denominations

flourished.– Some were persecuted.

• Promoted education.

• Monarchs gained power.

• Will lead to the Enlightenment.