PV - Diesel System Concept March 08

Innovation Energie Dveloppement

PV Injection in Isolated GridPV Injection in Isolated Grid

EU PV Platform WG4

March 2008


Brussels March 20082

ContentContent

1. Objective

2. Context

3. Power Demand and Load Profile

4. PV options

5. Case Study

6. Potential in Mauritania and Burkina Faso


Brussels (March 20083

To study the feasibility to inject solar PV electricity into existing isolated grids (mini or local) run by diesel gensets

Different scenario of load profile

Assessment of cost-effectiveness and sensitivity to fuel prices

Results dissemination through the Rural Electrification Club of 10 African countries, EEI project

1.1. Subtask Objective Subtask Objective



Many rural villages and towns rely on inefficient and costly diesel gensets or fuel oil power plants (200kW and 5 MW)

Several dozens such gensets in each Sahelian country

Often the easiest power solution in off-grid areas

Priority to minimise initial cost and maximise the number of beneficiaries

Need to provide enough and flexible electrical power for significant economic development

Context of steady increase of fuel prices Recent experiences in hybrid and in Western PV Grid connection

2.2. ContextContext



African experiences with isolated thermal grid (threshold size, tariff, full-cost recovery, subsidized kWh => different levels of service)

Load profiles (peak and minimum) in major towns and smaller towns

Water pumping can be shifted (storage)

3.3. Power Demand and Load Profile Power Demand and Load Profile



Historical evolution

100% PV Solar Power Plant

System oversizing to ensure reliable service

Hybrid PV systems (with battery)

Still expensive approach

Significant progresses of inverters technology

Limited PV injection (without battery) in an isolated mini or local grid supplied by:

hydro power plant (e.g. Philippines 1MWp +7MW hy)

thermal power plant

4.4. PV options PV options



PV - HP Load Dispatch (with part of the Nepalese system as example)

Nepal Power System: Partial load curve for 29.12.1996(original - no PV)

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Nepal Power System: Partial load curve for 29.12.1996(revised - with PV: 12 MWp)

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Thermal power (imports and own generation)Pondage hydro

PV contribution



Inverter

Genset n1 Genset n2

Synchronisation

PV Array

Isolated Grid

6-8h 8-10h 10-12h 12-14h 14-16h 16-18h

Solar Production

6-8h 8-10h 10-12h 12-14h 14-16h 16-18h

Thermal Production

6-8h 8-10h 10-12h 12-14h 14-16h 16-18h

Daytime Demand


Brussels (March 20089

Effect of load profile:

peak load shaving solution

contribution to the base power production

Major benefit = reduce fuel consumption but no reduction of genset size

3 levels of PV injection

High injection rate (similar to "hybrid")

Medium injection rate (> 50% of min. demande)

Low injection rate (< 50% of min. demande)

No storage but minimum impact on grid stability

Affect genset load factor and specific consumption


Brussels (EPIA) October 200710

Solar production

Without storage, all production is injected!



gasoil

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Genset production

Lower load factor higher specific consumption


Brussels (EPIA) March 200812

5.5. Case Study Case Study -- MauritaniaMauritania

Scattered settlement low power demand

SOMELEC: 14 isolated grids (2-3 generators)

Case of Mbout town (~10.000 inhab.) in Gorgol

Equipment: 2 diesel gensets (200 + 80 kW)

Typical load diagrams: peak/min. = 110/40 kW

Thermal production: 550 MWh/yr ('06) 296 gr/l



Typical Load Diagram - M'Bout 2007

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Daily Peak Maxi(June)

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Solar ArrayPow er (kWp)



Solar Radiation in plane of PV array

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Solar Radiation

Average in Mbout area = 5,5 kWh/m/d



PV Injection

Solar generator: 20 kWp (50%) @ 5,5 kWh/m/d

Solar production: 31,4 MWh/yr (6%)

No battery

Power Balance

Net Thermal Power required (see next figure)



Typical Load Diagram - M'Bout 2007

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ThermalPow er - Max

ThermalPow er - min



Preliminary economics

Cost of the diesel kWh: 0.147 /kWh @ 0.5 /l (06)

Cost of the diesel kWh: 0.3 /kWh @ 1 /l (07)

Solar kWh cost : 0.22 /kWh with 7/Wp 20 yrs

Threshold if diesel price = 0.75 /l same kWh prices

Annual fuel savings: ~ 7.5 tons/yr

CO2 Savings: ~ 24 Tons/yr

O&M cost: no additional cost for PV injection

Conclusion for PV injection

For SOMELEC: not directly cost-effective today

For Mauritania economy: direct viability is rather obvious

For N+SONABEL : cost-effective today


Isolated units run by SOMELECIsolated units run by SOMELEC


Anne 2006 MIN 2006 MIN/MAX

Nma kW 560 160 29%

Timbdra kW 245 40 16%

Aioun kW 480 210 44%

Tintane kW 235 47 20%

Kiffa kW 930 400 43%

Gurou kW 395 80 20%

Slibaby kW 590 140 24%

Mbout kW 110 40 36%

Tidjekja kW 320 150 47%

M.Lehjar kW 150 35 23%

Aleg kW 430 120 28%

Boutilimit kW 405 190 47%

Akjoujet kW 600 120 20%

Bogh kW 0 270

TOTAL (sauf

Bogh)5 450 Moyenne 31%

6. Mobilising Investment funds6. Mobilising Investment funds


Isolated units run Isolated units run by FDE by FDE not 24hnot 24h


Nom Puissance (kVA)Po 1983 110Lo 1983 170Bogand 1999 284Gorom-Gorom 1999 344Manga 1999 359Gourcy 1997 360Boulsa 1999 455Hounde 1986 560Diapaga 1999 565Bittou 1999 604Djibo 1999 604Kongoussi 1997 800Nouna 1986 960Boromo 1998 1 150Diebougou 1991 1 230Dori 1991 1 290Tougan 2005 1 300Yako 1983 1 311Gaoua 1983 2 040Kaya 1998 2 850Dedougou 1972 4 325Fada-N'Gourma 1986 5 140Ouahigouya 2005 5 250Koudougou 1969 7 950total 32 061

kVABagassi 180Solenzo 250Mogtedo 70Gayeri 100Bati 120Seytenga 40Sebba 100Sapouy 140Bouna 40

1 040

kVABagassi 180Solenzo 250Mogtedo 70Gayeri 100Bati 120Seytenga 40Sebba 100Sapouy 140Bouna 40

1 040

Isolated units run by Isolated units run by Sonabel 24hSonabel 24h



20kWP @7000 / kWp : 140 000

Makes a lot of sense over the life time

Issue of mobilising funds today

Capital

Long term financing is not available from banks

Other facilities such as GEEREF?

Potential is very big taking a very low limit

2*20kWp and 5*50kWp Mauritania: ~2 M

8*50kWp in Burkina Faso : ~2,8M


Next steps by WG 4?Next steps by WG 4?


Mauritania:

IED is the TA for the rehabilitation of the Diesel units

SOMELEC does not want to fund PV

Has mandated IED to mobilise funds for PV hybrids

If WG 4 can come up with a demonstration or financing scheme, the Tariff can be discussed

At this stage, more complicated to address ADER

Burkina Faso

IED is doing the RE planning

Discussing a Fit with SONABEL is open

Question is the financing scheme

FDE Fonds dElectrification rurale is mobilising funds



TchadTchad


Thank YouThank You

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PV - Diesel System Concept March 08

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