Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Reading and Writing Quarter 3 – Module 2:
Patterns of Written Text
Zest for Progress
Zeal of Partnership
11
Name of Learner: ___________________________
Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
Reading and Writing – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 2: Patterns of Written Text
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein
the work is created shall be necessary for the exploitation of such work for a profit. Such agency or
office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted
to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The
publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region IX Office Address: ____________________________________________
____________________________________________
Telefax: ____________________________________________
E-mail Address: ____________________________________________
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Jeanine N. Torino, LPT
Editor/QA: John Philip M. Eijansantos, LPT
Reviewer: Florenda H. Quinte, P.D.
Valeria Fides G. Corteza, Ph. D.
EPS- English
Layout Artist: John Philip M. Eijansantos, LPT
Management Team:
Roy C. Tuballa, EMD.JD.CESO VI
Jay S. Montealto, CESO VI
Norma T. Francisco, DM
Mildred D. Dayao, Ed. D.
Valeria Fides G. Corteza, Ph. D.
Aida Coyme, Ed. D.
Printed in the Philippines
Department of Education Region IX – Zamboanga Peninsula
Office Address: Pres. Corazon C. Aquino Regional Government Center, Balintawak, Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur Province 7016
Telefax: (062) 215-3753, 215-3751, 991-1907, 215-3789
E-mail Address: [email protected]
1
In academic writing, one of the most significant factors that we should consider is the
audience. We are writing because we want to impart something to them; thus, as a writer, our
target audience must understand what our main point is and develop a paper as effectively as
we can.
To be an effective academic writer, we should always think of our audience; and have
a good grasp of our message by employing organizing principles-- to help maintain the order
in our paragraphs. Examples of organizing principles are different writing patterns.
This module is done to understand the different patterns in written texts, which will
help you organize your thoughts depending upon your purpose in writing.
In this module, you are expected to:
a. Identify common patterns of development used in written works; and
b. Determine the correct use of transitional devices.
What I Know Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which pattern of development involves specific observations?
a. Problem-solution b. Narration c. Description d. Exemplification
2. What is the main purpose of exemplification?
a. offer solutions
b. provide clarification
c. express ideas nicely
d. discuss an issue
3. Why is process analysis essential in developing ideas?
a. It helps determine textual evidence.
b. It formulates a conclusion.
c. It discusses a series of steps needed to achieve an end.
d. It is used in the decision-making process.
4. “The road is flooded; ____________it is not safe to be driving outside.” Choose one
pattern that best matches this sentence.
a. Hence b. suddenly c. need d. solve
5. What pattern of development explains why something happens?
a. Process analysis
b. Exemplification
c. Persuasion
d. Cause and effect
What I Need to Know
2
Lesson
1 Patterns of Written Text
A writing pattern or known as Patterns of Organization, Rhetorical Modes, or
Rhetorical Styles, is a specific way of organizing ideas to convey a particular type of argument.
Writing Patterns helps us focus our attention on a text and anticipate where it is going;
remember what we read; and develop our writing
The different written texts are the following: Narration, Description, Definition,
Exemplification, Comparison and Contrast, Cause and Effect, Process Analysis, Division and
Classification, Problem-Solution, and Persuasion.
What's In
Connecting Ideas
I. Fill in the Blanks
Directions: Read the sentences carefully; then, fill in the blanks with the correct
transitional words. You may choose your answers from the Word Box below. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. The cost of basic needs has become expensive in recent years._________________,
fuel prices have increased quite considerably.
2. Covid-19 has abruptly stricken and affected the entire world. ___________________,
there have been a global crisis.
3. Most of the companies have closed due to the pandemic. ______________________,
many Filipinos have lost their jobs.
4. All of us experience failure; _______________, it is not a reason for us to give up.
5. He was very tired; ____________________, he kept on working.
in addition consequently for this reason
nevertheless furthermore hence
although similarly otherwise
3
I. Multiple Choice
Directions: Read the sentences/paragraphs carefully; then, identify the strategy used to
formulate each. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. Simile is a figure of speech comparing two, unlike things that are often introduced by
like
or as.
a. description b. comparison c. definition d. contrast
2. The cellphone is handier to use than the laptop.
a. exemplification b. comparison c. definition d. classification
3. My cat's fur felt like silk against my skin, and as the sun hits her, it reflects a shimmering
pearl-like mirror.
a. persuasion b. giving examples c. description d. definition
4. Some people treat pets like human beings. For instance, a boy in our neighborhood gave
him a name, hug and cuddle him, and even sleep with him.
a. persuasion b. giving examples c. description d. definition
5. Do not get dictated by dogma. Do what makes you happy because the more you are
satisfied, the more you can get motivated in achieving your dreams and become
successful
one day.
a. persuasion b. description c. description d. contrast
What's New
What Is It Patterns of Written Texts
When writing, we use different strategies to develop ideas.
Narration
This paragraph follows a chronological order of writing. It uses transition words such
as first, then, soon, after, suddenly, etc., to maintain coherence and show movement. In telling
a story, it employs action words like verbs and adverbs, and phrases that signal time to make
the text more engaging to the readers. Transitional devices include first, then, soon, after, and
suddenly.
4
Example:
He came and delivered the speech. Then he left the arena right after the last line. His
constituents followed him eventually.
Description
In this pattern, transitional words are used to indicate location. Details referring to
physical aspects like how the subject looks, sounds, feels, smells, or even tastes like are the
ingredients of this method development. Observations need to be specific to encourage
imaginative thinking. Transitional devices include sensory language.
Example:
As the sun sets towards the western horizon, the sky portrays a perfect masterpiece. It
is brimming with the colors of the spectrum in shades of red and blue.
Definition
A paragraph using this pattern can develop texts in varied ways. A term is defined, its
class, and its specific details. You can define by characteristics, function, what it is not, and
what it is similar to, such as origins or effect. It can be scientific or subjective. Transitional
devices include scientific/subjective.
Example:
You say that someone is magniloquent when he uses extravagant words in writing.
Exemplification
This sort of text utilizes detailed illustrations for clarification. It can be in the form of a
story, an anecdote, a quotation, or a statistic. Transitional devices include words for illustration.
Example:
It is very important to stay healthy. Eating the right food for your heart can help prevent
cardiovascular diseases. Common examples of food that can keep your heart are black beans,
salmon, tuna, fresh herbs, and the like.
Comparison and Contrast
A paragraph that shows comparison and contrast answers how the subjects are the same
or not. Comparison examines how subjects are similar, while contrast emphasizes how subjects
are different. For comparison, it uses signal words like similarly, in the same way, likewise, in
like manner, in a similar fashion, etc. Contrast uses signal words such as yet, nevertheless,
nonetheless, after all, but though, otherwise, on the other hand, notwithstanding, etc.
Example:
They say identical twins are similar in almost everything. However, this is not true. No
one is truly the same. We are designed to be unique in our way.
Cause and Effect
This technique explores why things happen and what happens as a result. Words that
show effect are, for this reason, it follows, as a result, as a consequence, thus, therefore, etc.
Transitional devices include because, since, is due to, is caused by, for this reason, it follows,
as a result, and so.
5
Example:
When water droplets join together, it becomes heavy. This is caused by the rise and cool
of water vapor, which forms clouds in the sky. As a result, there will be rain.
Process analysis
It describes how things work, involving a series of steps in chronological ordering.
Transitional expressions such as first, second, then, and finally are used. Transitional devices
include first, second, then, and finally.
Example:
How can you develop yourself? First, you must learn good habits. Start by waking early
in the morning to set the mood of the day. Second, spend time in prayer and meditation. Third,
establish discipline. Make a checklist of your goals. You can even make a weekly plan. Lastly,
monitor your growth. If you fail at some point, try to recover by focusing on improving your
weaknesses and building your strengths.
Division and Classification
A single subject is targeted and broken down into components. Items are being grouped
into categories based on the features they share. In division, a category is divided into
subcategories, while in classification, the writer develops criteria in the subcategories based on
their relationship. The writer who uses this pattern must have a strong sense of purpose.
Example:
There are various types of learners. They can usually be classified as either "The
Average Joe," "The Slacker," or "The Eager Beaver." Average Joe usually studies well for
exams and shows up in class. On the other hand, the Slacker misses a class and can be easily
identified as always using headphones wherever he goes. On a different scale, the Eager
Beaver comes to class, nods his head, always in-class discussion, and stays after class.
Problem-solution
A problem is being presented and a solution. Why it has become a problem is also
discussed, leading to a conclusion highlighting the connection between the problem and
solution. Transitional devices include the answer, challenge, need, difficulty, dilemma,
enigma, improve, indicate, issue, plan a need, problem, propose, remedied, resolve, respond to,
solve, and suggest.
Example:
Poverty is a word to beat. The whole world thrives on getting rid of this seemingly
irresistible dilemma. All around the globe, the government, together with the private sectors
and other agencies, unite to improve society's condition, most especially the far-flung areas.
Leaders from different countries gather in this weeklong forum to discuss resolutions and plans
for action.
Persuasion
This method involves facts that make the paragraph more convincing. In giving
illustrations, signal words are used, such as first, next, last, etc. In answering oppositions, words
6
such as, of course, some may say, nevertheless, and on the other hand. When you draw
generalizations, words like therefore, hence, consequently, and thus are used.
Example:
Let us all get rid of apathy! First off, it is a poison to the soul. Also, it is not beneficial
to relationships. Let us learn to sympathize with others and love genuinely. Life is something
to celebrate. Spend every day thinking about how you can help those who are in need. Of
course, you are a blessing!
What's More
Activity 1: Textual Analysis
A. Short Constructed Response
Directions: Read the following selections/paragraphs carefully. Identify the writing pattern
that is exemplified in each item.; then justify your answer. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper. Answers will be assessed using the rubric below. Use a separate sheet of paper.
Rubric: Outcomes 4- Exemplary 3-Accomplished 2-Developing 1-Beginning
Clarity of position
statement
Position is clearly
stated and is
consistently
maintained
throughout the
paper.
Position is clearly
stated but the
position shifts
slightly throughout
the paper.
Position is not
clearly stated and
shifts throughout
the paper.
An attempt at a
position statement
is evident, but it
cannot be
determined.
Structure of the
argument
Structure of the
argument is well
developed with
clear transitions.
Structure of the
argument is
moderately well
developed, and most
transitions are clear
Structure of the
argument is
moderately well
developed, and
many transitions
are weak and
unclear.
Structure of the
argument is weak,
and most
transitions are
weak and unclear.
PATTERNS
OF DEVELOPMENT
TRANSITIONAL
DEVICES/EXPRESSIONS
Narration First, then, soon, after, suddenly
Description Sensory language
Definition Scientific/subjective
Exemplification Illustrate
Comparison and Contrast Similarly, likewise, by the same token
And yet, notwithstanding, on the contrary
Cause and Effect Because, since, is due to, is caused by
For this reason, it follows, as a result, so
Process Analysis First, second, then, finally
Division and Classification Sorting subjects into groups
Problem-solution the answer, challenge, need, difficulty,
dilemma, propose, remedied, resolve,
respond to, solve, suggest
Persuasion Although, hence, for, consequently
7
1.
In Ghana, bikes are in high demand. Few people have enough money to afford a car. So, bikes
are use to transport most of the country’s food and material goods.
The people in Ghana are also too poor to finance the construction of factories that build
traditional steel bikes. But mass-producing btcycles from locally grown bamboo is a viable
alternative, says Odlin. He plans to show teams of Ghanian workers how to quickly assemble bamboo
bikes. He estimates each worker will be able to produce about four bikes a day.
Bamboo bikes are a natural fit in Ghana because bamboo grows abundantly throughout the
country. It also grows in the United States. Bamboo is a grass, not a tree and it is one of the fastest-
growing plants in the world. It can grow up to 40 inches in a single day.
Bamboo has qualities that make it as good as steel for building a durable, comfortable
vehicle. Bamboo contains a lare amount of silicon dioxide (SiO2), or silica, a hard compound
that is the most abundant building block of rocks on Earth. A bamboo bike, says Odlin, is "the
perfect everyday bike."
-Excerpt from Weekly Reader
Writing Pattern: _________________________________________________________________
Explanation with evidences:
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
NATURAL BORN KILLERS?
A killer-bee sting is no more deadly than a regular bee sting. All honeybees have venom
(poison) in their stingers. "Five hundred bee stings hold as much poison as a rattlesnake bite,"
says Margaret. People who are allergic to bee venom can die from just one sting. But most
people can tolerate hundreds.
In many ways, killer bees also behave like regular honeybees. "All bees attack when they think
their hive is in danger," says Margaret. To a bee, any sound or sudden motion can signal danger
— like a bear or hyena out to steal honey.
But some differences in behavior make killer bees more deadly. Compared to ordinary
honeybees, killer bees have:
• quick triggers — It takes very little to get killer bees riled up. "They can sense you
walking from about two car-lengths away," says Margaret.
• big colonies — Hives can hold more than 50,000 bees. So lots of bees answer an alarm
signal!
• staying power — "A cloud of bees once followed me for 20 minutes," remembers
Margaret. "Luckily, there were no holes in my bee suit!"
8
Writing Pattern: _________________________________________________________________
Explanation with evidences:
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A. Graphic Organizer
Directions: Read the selection carefully; then fill out the graphic organizer below with the
necessary information.
Tornado Storms Smack the South
Strong storms tore through the southern United States on Wednesday.
More than 100 tornadoes ripped through six southern states on Wednesday, April 27. Homes
and businesses were destroyed, and at least 248 people lost their lives. Officials say this is one
of the worst storms to hit the south in nearly 40 years.
Alabama was hardest hit by this week's tornadoes. More than 160 people died in the storm
there. Some of the worst damage was in Tuscaloosa, a city of more than 83,000 people in
central Alabama. On Thursday, stunned residents surveyed the damage throughout the town.
Roofs were ripped off homes. Trees lay in the streets. Debris was scattered everywhere. “We
have neighborhoods that have been basically removed from the map,” Tuscaloosa Mayor
Walter Maddox told the Associated Press.
-From Weekly Reader.
CAUSE EFFECTS
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
__________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
9
Activity 2: Transitional Words
Directions: Read the paragraph below. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate transitional
words. Choose your answer from the box below.
Animals use various means to protect themselves. Color is one that is widely used as a
protective device. For instance, some birds display brightly colored feathers 1- ___________
they are threatened. These are designed to frighten away the enemy. 2-___________ to color,
some animals emit a peculiar smell for the same purpose. 3-___________, form may be used
to conceal the animal. Some insects, 4-___________, conceal themselves by making
themselves resemble plants of flowers. In this way, 5- ___________ are hardly visible because
they can merge into their surroundings. Other animals adopt regular patterns of behavior 6-
___________ they are frightened. Some pretend to be dead 7- ___________ others just come
forward and stand still. 8-____________, buffaloes were almost eliminated in the 19th century
9-___________ their lack of resistance to hunters.
What I Have Learned
Directions: Recall the concepts you have learned in the lesson; then fill out the 3-
2-1 chart below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
3-2-1 CHART
Three things I have learned
Two things I found interesting
1 question I still have in mind
when because in addition besides
whenever whereas they nevertheless
because of these for example
10
Tell Me Your Story
Directions: Try to remember someone that you were very close with. What were the
memorable experiences that you had with him/her? What were the things that you enjoy doing
with him/her? Do you still do these things now? Do you still have the same closeness as before?
Do you still have the drive to restore the closeness that you had back then? Describe this person
in detail. Use any narrative devices to illustrate how your relationship was back then, now, and
how you still want it to be. (Must have a minimum of 100 words) Consider the rubric in writing.
Write on a separate sheet of paper.
What I Can Do
________________________________________
Title
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
11
Directions: Read each item carefully and answer the following questions. Write the letter
that corresponds to the correct answer.
1. Which of the following patterns uses action words that move the story?
a. Exemplification
b. Description
c. Process Analysis
d. Narration
2. As mentioned, the definition can be developed in several ways. Which one is NOT a
method of definition?
a. by example
b. by purpose
c. by its origins
d. by what it is similar to
3. "I have been so good to my sister these days; ___________, she never tried to quarrel me.
Choose the transitional device that best matches this sentence.
a. otherwise
b. in like manner
c. though
d. however
4. "Although Instagram and Tumblr have significant similarities; they also have striking
differences." Which pattern of development is being used in this sentence?
a. Narration
b. Problem-Solution
c. Comparison and Contrast
d. Persuasion
5. Anica teaches her friend Carla, how to change her YouTube thumbnail. Which strategy is
used in this situation?
a. Process analysis
b. Description
c. Exemplification
d. Persuasion
6. "Freedom is a concept that needs to be understood." Choose one pattern that best matches
this sentence.
a. Exemplification
b. Description
c. Definition
d. Process Analysis
7. This pattern provides details on the idea by using a sensory or spatial pattern.
a. Definition
b. Description
c. Classification
d. Division
8. Choose one pattern from the choices that best match the thesis statement. "Teeth
bleaching can be done in five simple steps."
a. Sensory pattern
b. Process analysis
c. Comparison and contrast
d. Narration
9. In developing this paragraph, the writer creates a general statement and a topic sentence
with more examples.
a. Description
b. Division
c. Exemplification
d. Classification
10. It refers to words that send a signal to the readers, leading them to identify each
development pattern.
a. Static words
b. Adverbs
c. Linking verbs
d. Transitional expressions
Assessment
12
Answer Key
What's More
Activity 1: Textual Analysis
A. Essay
1. Writing Pattern: Problem-solution
Explanation: It is an example of a problem-solution pattern, for it states a problem,
which is the financial scarcity of the country, Ghana, and its incapability of financing the
construction of factories that build traditional steel bikes; and it shows how the country
tries to solve the problem, which is the mass production of bicycles from locally grown
bamboos.
2. Writing Pattern: Comparison and Contrast
Explanation: It gives the similarities and differences between killer bees and regular bees.
It says that killer bees and regular bees have no difference in terms of their deadliness.
Both have venoms in their stingers, and the effects may vary depending on the person's
tolerance level. They both attack when in danger and behave the same; however, killer
bees have quick triggers, big colonies, and staying power.
B. Cause and Effect
CAUSE: Storm with tornadoes
EFFECTS: (They may answer any of the following.)
➢ Homes and businesses were destroyed
➢ Many people lost their lives
➢ The town was damaged
What’s New 1.c
2.b
3.c
4.b
5.a
What's In 1.similarly
2.for this reason
3.consequently
4.hence
5.nevertheless
What I Know 1.c
2.b
3.c
4.a
5.d
Assessment 1.d 6. a
2.b 7. b
3.b 8. b
4.c 9. c
5.a 10. d
What’s More Activity 2 (Transitional Words) 1.when/whenever 6. whenever/when
2.in addition to 7. whereas
3.besides 8. nevertheless
4.for example 9. because
5.they
13
➢ Debris were scattered everywhere
What I Have Learned (Answers may vary)
What I Can Do (Answers may vary)
References
Books
Deanne Spears. Improving Reading Skills: Contemporary Readings for
College Students, 6th ed. New York: McGraw- Hill, 2010, 300-302
Filomena T. Dayagbil, Ed.D., Ethel L. Abao, Ed.D., and Remedios C. Bacus, Ed.D. Critical
Reading and Writing for The Senior High School. Quezon City: LORIMAR Publishing,
Inc., 2016, 133
Website
"Transitions." Accessed December 8,
2020.ohttps://mld.metu.edu.tr/tr/system/files/transitions_0.pdf.
"Writing Patterns." Excelsior Online Reading Lab. Excelsior College Online Writing Lab ,
August 22, 2019. https://owl.excelsior.edu/orc/what-to-do-after-
reading/analyzing/writing-patterns/.
Murphy, Laura. "Example of Problem and Solution Text Structure - 5-307 at PS 85." Google
Sites. Google Sites, October 19, 2011.
https://sites.google.com/site/5307atps85/home/reading/text-structures/example-of-
problem-and-solution-text-structure.
Murphy, Laura. "Example of Compare and Contrast Text Structure - 5-307 at PS 85." Google
Sites. Google Sites, October 19, 2011.
https://sites.google.com/site/5307atps85/home/reading/text-structures/example-of-
compare-and-contrast-text-structure.
Murphy, Laura. "Text Structures - 5-307 at PS 85." Google Sites. Google Sites, October 19,
2011. https://sites.google.com/site/5307atps85/home/reading/text-structures.
Nordquist, Richard. "Cause and Effect in Composition." ThoughtCo, accessed
July 29, 2020. Source:
. https://www.thoughtco.com/cause-and-effect-composition-1689834
14
Development Team
Writer: Jeanine N. Torino, LPT
Regional Science High Shool-IX
Zamboanga City
Editors/QA: John Philip M. Eijansantos, LPT
Reviewer: Florenda H. Quinte, Ph. D.
Valeria Fides G. Corteza, Ph. D.
EPS- English
Layout Artist: John Philip M. Eijansantos, LPT
Management Team:
Roy C. Tuballa, EMD.JD.CESO VI
Jay S. Montealto, CESO VI
Norma T. Francisco, DM
Mildred D. Dayao, Ed.D.
Valeria Fides G. Corteza, Ph. D.
Aida Coyme, Ed. D.
