Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
English Quarter 3 – Module 6
Analysis of Literature as Mirror to a Shared Heritage of People with Diverse Background
Zest for Progress
Zeal of Partnership
8
Name of Learner: ___________________________
Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
ENGLISH – GRADE 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 6: Analyze Literature as a Mirror to a Shared Heritage of People
with Diverse Background
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the exploitation of such work for a
profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.
Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region IX Office Address: ____________________________________________
____________________________________________
Telefax: ____________________________________________
E-mail Address: ____________________________________________
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Cortiz Y. Barrameda
Editor: Vickylou S. Ferrer
Reviewer: Valeriafides G. Corteza, Ph.D.
Layout Artist: Jovie R. Cruz, MAEd
Management Team:
Roy C. Tuballa, EMD.JD.CESO VI
Jay S. Montealto, CESO VI
Norma T. Francisco, DM
Mildred D. Dayao, Ed.D.
Valeriafides G. Corteza, Ph.D.
Aida Coyme, Ed. D.
Printed in the Philippines Department of Education Region IX – Zamboanga Peninsula
Office Address: Pres. Corazon C. Aquino Regional Government Center, Balintawak, Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur Province 7016
Telefax: (062) 215-3753, 215-3751, 991-1907, 215-3789
E-mail Address: [email protected]
1
What I Need to know
Work of arts reflects an individual's personality or identity- the way he thinks, acts
and depicts his cultural and social backgrounds. Being open-minded and sensitive about the
author's work of art can help us understand his work's message and develop our sense of
imagination and acceptance without giving prejudices.
This module will help you view literature as the history or background of a certain
culture. Every country has its literature that reflects its practices. Acknowledging one's
literature means discovering its heritage and other beliefs or practices. Through literary work,
it gives us insights into how people coexist and share values despite their different or
diversified backgrounds.
This lesson will expand your understanding of how literary works mirror the culture
of people's diversified culture. These can help you see yourself about the world and help you
build connection and a sense of belonging, for thorough understanding literature provides a
mirror of your own experiences and a window into others' lives.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
a. Analyze literature as a mirror to a showed heritage of people with a diverse
background;
b. Recognize the relationship of culture, heritage, and diversity in understanding
literary works;
c. Unlock the meaning of difficult words through contextual clues; and
d. Analyze the important details presented in the given literary works.
What I Know
To examine your prior knowledge of literature, its definition, types, and concepts,
answer the pretest below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. This most commonly refers to creative imagination works, including poetry,
drama, fiction, nonfiction, and in some instances, journalism, and song.
A. Culture B. Literature C. Film D. Heritage
2. This refers to the existence of variations of different characteristics in a group of
people. These characteristics could be everything that makes us unique, such as
our cognitive skills and personality traits, along with the things that shape one's
identity. This refers to _____
A. Population C. Individual Differences
B. Diversity D. Customs
3. This influences the views, the values, the humor, the hopes, the loyalties, and the
worries and fears of the people. What is this?
A. Culture B. Heritage C. Diversity D. Literature
2
4. This discusses our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we
pass on to future generations.
A. Culture B. Heritage C. Diversity D. Literature
5. These are the two major forms of literature
A. Poetry and Short Stories C. Prose and Novels
B. Poetry and Proverbs D. Prose and Poetry
Lesson
1
ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE AS
MIRROR TO A SHARED HERITAGE OF PEOPLE WITH
DIVERSE BACKGROUND
This module will help you understand how literature provides different meanings to
different people or teach different lessons to the same person at different life stages. It mirrors
society and allows us to understand the world better we live in. This can also open your
consciousness that literature reflects humanity and a way for us to understand each other.
What's In
In your previous lesson, you have learned about the definitions and differences
among social, moral, and economic issues. Let us try to know if you could still
remember them by answering the activity below. The following items are examples of the
different issues that we face right now. Identify them by writing only the letter of the
correct answer on a separate sheet.
A. MORAL ISSUE B. SOCIAL ISSUE C. ECONOMIC ISSUE
1. His boyfriend impregnates Cecil, a junior high school student.
2. They were separated because of their beliefs and practices.
3. The number of street children continuously increases each year.
4. We are responsible for what we do in this world we live in.
5. White people are more resourceful than black ones.
This part of the module will give preliminary views on how to analyze literary
works as they mirror the different beliefs and practices of people with diverse
backgrounds. Take a look at this literary piece:
What's New
3
Processing Questions:
1. What feeling is expressed in the poem?
2. What belief of Thai people do you think is emphasized in the poem?
3. Do Filipinos and Thai people have the same belief? How can it be proven?
What Is It
In understanding literature, there are so many things that we need to consider- it's a
definition, classification, relation to culture in association with the author's beliefs and
personal backgrounds. For you to be able to understand these concepts read and understand
the details presented below.
Literature is any written works that are considered to have a long-lasting impact or
importance as it expresses permanent interest ideas. This can either be in the form of poetry
or prose.
Poetry refers to verse expressions, with measures, rhymes, lines, stanzas, and
melodious tone. It is not intended merely to entertain. It has a very useful and serious
function: to embody deep truths that reveal to us about human beings.
Till Hearts End Chayasi Sunthonphiphit
(tr. Jaames N. Mosel and Burton Raffel)
My mind glows,
Knows no fear of the darkness and
its tight web,
Though the stars blur, and the
moon’s dim rays
Are sucked into nothingness,
And the oneness of man
still cannot be found
Though the sky splits and crackles,
Drops no gentle music,
Though a rooster’s hurried
crowing jars my ears,
And a frightened dog goes
whimpering up and down.
This clear light inside me
Pushes the wild, heavy night back:
It will never flicker, it can never change,
Neither pain nor sorrow can reach it.
The earth swings in circles;
Soon, light must break through dawn
Hanging, golden and clear over all the
world, men living like men.
In the lonely night I lie listening
to my own heart,
The darkness so thick I could lose my
way
Except for the faint, echoing chant
Of the most precious words ever written.
Words like drops from heaven
Falling like wisdom, strength,
peace, beauty, into waiting heart,
These two small hands will move as this
minds leads to them,
Will carry Buddha’s divine law
Here to this earth, until this heart
no longer beats. Lourdes M. Ribo et. al., Language in Literature, Afro- Asian Literature, Revised Edition. Vibal Publishing House Inc. Phlippines, 2005. 186-187
4
Poets are not only authors of language and music, but they are also the institutions of
laws, the founders of civil society, the inventors of the arts of life, and the teachers who draw
into certain dimensions the beautiful and the truth.
Divisions and Types of Poetry
Lyric Poems –meant to be
sung to the
accompaniment of a
musical instrument
Narrative Poetry – tells a
story following order of
events
Dramatic Poetry – has elements
closely related to drama because
it is written in a dramatic form.
Examples:
Simple Lyric
Song
Sonnet
Elegy
Ode
Examples:
Ballad
Metrical Romance
Epic
Examples:
Dramatic Monologue
The Soliloquy
Character Sketch
Prose, on the other hand, is a literary piece that is written in the form of the ordinary
form of written or spoken language and within the common flow of conversation. It is easily understood as compared to poetry. In subject matter, prose generally concentrates
on the familiar and ordinary but may also deal with subjects such as heroism, beauty, love,
and nobility of spirit.
Divisions and Types of Prose
Fiction – defined as a series of imagined
facts which illustrates truths about human
life.
Nonfiction – literary works based mainly on
fact rather than on the imagination, although
they may contain fictional elements.
Examples:
Short Story
The Novel
Examples:
Formal Essay
Informal or Familiar Essay
Other forms of Essay (critical essay,
biographical essay, essay of travel)
Source: Apolinario S. Saymo et. al., World Literature. Trinitas Publishing Inc. Phlippines, 2004. 1-7
What does it mean to interpret literature? When you interpret literature, you are
trying to find the meaning and significance of the story. You are asking yourself both what
the text means and why it is important.
One of the best ways to interpret writing is to use the text as a guide. When you use
the text as a guide, you examine the main elements of the story and see how they relate to
each other to find the meaning and importance of the story.
When the words you encounter are difficult to understand so that you can get the
message of the text you are reading, aside from consulting the dictionary, you can analyze
how the words are being used in the sentence, and we called it context clues. This refers to
information that appears near a word or phrase and offers direct or indirect suggestions about
its meaning.
Moreover, to fully understand literary works' meaning, one must not forget that
literature has something to do with society-its culture, diversity, and heritage.
5
Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people,
encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music, and arts.
The diversity refers to the existence of variations of different characteristics in a group
of people. These characteristics could be everything that makes us unique, such as our
cognitive skills and personality traits, along with the things that shape our identity.
Heritage is our legacy from the past, what we live with today, and what we pass on to
future generations.
Having acquired all these, we conclude that literature reflects society, its good values,
and its ills. It also projects the virtues or good values in society for people to imitate. As an
imitation of human action, literature often presents a picture of what people think, say, and do
in society. It is impossible to find a work of literature that excludes society's attitudes,
morale, and values since no writer have been brought up completely unexposed to the world
around him.
What's More
To examine your understanding of the lesson, here are some activities that will surely
increase your mastery of the topic, especially in analyzing literary works. It shows
association with the different cultures of people around the world despite the diversity of
backgrounds.
Activity 1. Complete Me.
Complete the puzzle below. Refer to the given clues. Copy the puzzle and write the answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
Across:
1. Compilation of written works
2. Influences the views, values, and humor of people
3. Lines are expressed in verse
Down:
1. Legacy from the past, what is in today, and what to pass for the next generation
2. Lines are written in an ordinary form of language
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Assessment 1: FACT or BLUFF
Directions: Examine the following statements below. Write fact if the statement is correct;
Bluff if otherwise. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Culture encompasses religion, food, what we wear, how we wear it, our language,
marriage, music, what we believe is right or wrong, how we sit at the table, greet
visitors, how we behave with loved ones, and a million other things.
2. Literature is a reflection of society and serves as a corrective mirror in which
members of society can look at themselves and find the need for positive change.
3. Symbols are words, gestures, pictures, or objects that carry a particular meaning only
recognized by those who share a particular heritage.
4. In literature, we find stories designed to portray human life and action through some
characters who convey certain messages for education, information, and
entertainment by their words, action, and reaction.
5. Our cultural and natural heritage are both irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration.
Activity 2. Read and Understand
Directions: Read and analyze the statements carefully, and then choose the letter of the
correct answer. Write your answer on a separate answer sheet.
1. The following are characteristics of poetry except:
A. It has measures C. It is written in figurative language
B. It is easy to understand D. It is expressed in lines and stanzas
2. Which among the given choices is not associated with prose?
A. It is written in the form of ordinary written or spoken language.
B. It concentrates on the familiar and the ordinary but may also deal with subjects
such as heroism, beauty, love, and nobility of spirit.
C. It has a very useful function: to embody the deep truths and reveal human beings'
complex living.
D. It is categorized by fiction and nonfiction.
3. Which among the following choices is not true about culture?
A. Culture is the system of knowledge shared by a relatively large group of people.
B. Culture is symbolic communication.
C. Human beings' relation to that which they regard as holy, sacred, absolute,
spiritual, divine, or worthy of especial reverence.
D. Culture is communication.
4. Which of the following does not belong to the group?
A. Short story C. Novel
B. Essay D. Epic
5. It is important to study literature because
A. It is a reflection of the society is a fact that has been widely acknowledged.
B. It mirrors the ills of society to make society realize its mistakes and make amends.
C. It projects the virtues or good values in society for people to emulate.
D. All of these.
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Assessment 2. Complete Me!
Directions: Complete the diagram below by giving the correct points of comparison. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
POINT OF
COMPARISON PROSE POETRY
Form
Language
Appeal
Aim
Activity 3. Read, Analyze and Interpret
Directions: Read the literary work below. Then answer the questions that follow by writing
the letter of your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the vision of the author in the poem?
A. People need to work harder and work together to realize a vision.
B. People of Burma should not be contented
C. People of Burma should have a big or wide vision to become progressive
D. People need to dream of having freedom.
VISION
By: FERAYA
A country of great beauty
People so gentle and kind
There is also ugliness
And cruelty
Fleeing and hiding
And foraging for food
To survive
Our people are in pain
Suffering like no hell on earth
Darkness and despair
Surround them
And freedom is out of reach
Beaten and battered by life
Death and diseases
Of the mind and spirit
Swallowed up by gloominess
And bitterness
How can they carry on?
Each of us has a role to play
To help our countrymen
Not by hatred and blame
Not by giving false hope
Or ideas
Or concepts
But to see the big vision
A vision that’s not small or limited
A vision that’s vast and spacious
So that Burma’s people may rise up
Like a beautiful lotus
From a muddy pond.
-Burma Digest
-Department of Education. Voyages in
Communication. English Learner’s Material, Pasig
City
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2. Based from the poem, what is happening to the author's country, Burma?
A. Burma is fighting for freedom.
B. Burma is experiencing war.
C. Burma is suffering from hunger and poverty.
D. All of the above-mentioned.
3. What should the people from Burma do to overcome the problem mentioned in the
poem?
A. They should extend help to one another.
B. They should help the government.
C. They should rise like a beautiful lotus.
D. They should be contented with what is happening.
4. And freedom is out of reach, eaten and battered by life, death, and diseases of the
mind and spirit swallowed up by gloominess.
The underlined word means _______
A. Darkness B. Worries C. Alive D. Inspiration
5. The above text is an example of ___________
A. Poetry B. Prose C. Short story D. Novel
Assessment 3. How I Understood it!
Directions: Read and analyze the poem, then answer the questions base from how you
understood the poem. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
PLEDGE
Gloria Socrates – San Agustin
You fear
that all my vows
to love no one
but you,
my pass;
Or that
the sunshine
I had pledged to keep
for you
may fade
with falling rain;
That ere the sight
of you is gone
your kiss
About the Author
Gloria Socrates San Agustin comes from Puerto Princesa, Palawan. However, most of her teenage
years were spent in Tacloban City. She was a member of the United Amateur Press, U.S.A. her brief
biography in included in the 5th and 9th edition of International Who’s and Who Poetry published by
the International Biographical Ceneter in Cambridge, England. Ms. San Agustin succumbed to
cancer in year 2000.
should freeze
upon my lips.
But most of all-
you too might fear
that should forever come at
last,
then every joy must cease-
we two must part…
Take heart, dear one,
and be assured-
The day after forever,
shall find my vows renewed.
Source: Lourdes M. Ribo et. al., Language in Literature,
Afro- Asian Literature, Revised Edition. Vibal Publishing
House Inc. Phlippines, 2005.p. 267
9
Questions:
1. Who is spoken to in the poem?
_______________________________________________________________
2. What fear is expressed? How is this fear expressed?
________________________________________________________________
3. Is it common for promises not to be kept? Explain.
_______________________________________________________________
4. If a promise given to you were not kept, what would you do?
________________________________________________________________
What I Have Learned
How far have you gone now? What have you learned from this module? Before
pushing through, try to answer the following questions to demonstrate that you have
learned something new. Write your answer on a separate answer sheet.
1. What makes poetry different from prose?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. How can literature mirror the culture of people with diverse backgrounds?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
With this, as learners, you should always remember that literature is a reflection of
society and serves as a corrective mirror in which members of society can look at themselves
and find the need for positive change. It is necessary to take a close look at some literature
works to understand how literature reflects society.
In this part of the module, you will be applying your new knowledge or skill acquired
in the discussion above to real-life situations. This will help your teacher determine your
learning success.
Practical Activity: POEM WRITING
Haiku is Japanese poetry composed only of seventeen syllables, arranged in five, seven, five
syllables. Its subject is purely about nature. This will examine your artistry and creativity.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
What I Can Do
10
The following suggestions may help you.
1. Think of something you have seen in nature that made you either happy or sad.
2. Write three lines about what you have seen. The descriptions should be objective; the
sentiment should be left for the reader to realize or feel.
3. Pare down the descriptions so that the first and the last lines have five syllables each
and the second line has seven.
4. The words at the end of each line do not have to rhyme.
5. Read your composition. Is the message delivered? If it is, you have successfully
composed a haiku.
Let's see how much you learned today!
Directions: Read the question carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. To better understand the literature, the following are the best things to consider
except:
A. The author's personal background
B. The origin of the literary work
C. The symbols, gestures, and message presented by the text
D. The title of the text.
2. Literature is always associated with the following
A. Culture B. Heritage C. people's diversity D. all of these
3. Connie is never happy when everyone is getting along. She always instigates fights
and then acts like little Miss Innocent. When you instigate something, you ______.
A. check it out B. protect it C. get it started D. ignore it
4. Poetry intends not only to entertain, for its function is to embody the truths about ___.
A. Art B. Human being C. Studies D. Experiments
5. Mr. Huge was very proud of his auto superstore. "We have such an extensive
selection of cars," he said, "so everyone should find a vehicle that he or she will
love!" The word “extensive” means __________.
A. costing a lot of money B. large amount
C. having no color D. not enough
Assessment
HAIKU
11
6. Which among the following choices is true about culture?
A. Culture is the system of knowledge shared by a relatively large group of
people.
B. Culture is symbolic communication.
C. Culture is communication.
D. All of these
7. Heritage focuses on the legacy from the past, what we live with today, and _______.
A. What is beyond our imagination B. What is undoable
C. What is perfect D. what we pass on to future generations
8. Literature is a reflection of the society because ________.
A. It is an imitation of human action, often presents a picture of what people think,
say, and do in the society
B. It transports the real-life events in their society into fiction and presents it to the
society
C. It serves as a corrective mirror in which members of the society can look at
themselves and find the need for positive change
D. All of the above-mentioned statements
9. Sunshine said, "Amber, why are you making such a big deal about Robert's hair? Yes,
he did dye it purple. It is rather unusual for a guy to have purple hair. On the other
hand, it's not exactly going to change the course of world history. It's quite a trivial
matter." What does "trivial" mean?
A. strange B. unimportant C. disgusting D. dangerous
10. Green and speckled legs
Hop on Logs and Lily pads
Splash in cool water.
This is an example of Haiku. Haiku is an example of ________
A. Prose B. Poetry C. Essay D. Novel
12
Additional Activities
Directions: Write a short essay as you give your own reflection about the passage. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper. You will be graded based on the given rubric.
Rubric for Essay
Categories and
Criteria 1 2 3 4
Knowledge/Under
standing
Information and
ideas
Demonstrates
limited
understanding of
topic/theme.
Demonstrates
some
understanding of
topic/theme.
Demonstrates
considerable
understanding of
topic/theme.
Demonstrates
thorough
understanding of
topic/theme.
Thinking/Inquiry
Analyzing and
Interpretation
Analyzes and
interprets
information with
limited
effectiveness.
Analyzes and
interprets
information with
some
effectiveness.
Analyzes and
interprets
information with
considerable
effectiveness.
Analyzes and
interprets
information with
a high degree of
effectiveness.
Communication
Language and
Style
Meaning and
intent are
frequently unclear.
Demonstrates
limited sense of
purpose and
audience.
Meaning and
intent are
sometime unclear.
Demonstrates
some sense of
purpose and
audience.
Meaning and
intent are clear.
Demonstrates
limited sense of
purpose and
audience.
Meaning and
intent are clear
and engaging.
Demonstrates
limited sense of
purpose and
audience.
Application
Language
Conventions
Frequent major
mechanical errors.
Some major
mechanical errors.
Some minor
mechanical
errors.
Few minor
mechanical
errors.
Supporting
Opinions
Communicates
ideas with limited
clarity;
unsupported
opinions.
Communicates
ideas with some
clarity; few
supported
opinions.
Communicates
ideas with
considerable
clarity;
effectively
supported
opinions.
Communicates
ideas with a high
degree of clarity;
insightfully
supported
opinions.
“Literature adds reality; it does not simply describe it. It enriches the necessary
competencies that daily life requires and provides; and in this respect, it irrigates the
deserts that our lives have already become.” -C.S. Lewis
Source: “Top Quotes About Literature” Posted last July 21, 2013,
https://www.writerswrite.co.za/the-top-12-quotes-about-.
13
Answer Key
What I Know (Pre- Test)
1.B
2.B
3.A
4.B
5.D
What’s In (Review)
1.A
2.A
3.C
4.A
5.A
Activity 1 Assessment 1
1.FACT
2.FACT
3.BLUFF
4.FACT
5.FACT
Activity 2
1.B
2.C
3.C
4.D
5.D
Assessment 2
Activity 3
1.A
2.D
3.C
4.A
5.A
Assessment 3
1.
2.
3. Answers may
4. vary
What I have
learned
1. Answer may
2. vary
Assessment
1.D 6. D
2.D 7. D
3.C 8. D
4.B 9. B
5.B 10.B
14
References
Ribo, Lourdes M. et. al., Language in Literature, Afro- Asian Literature, Revised Edition.
Vibal Publishing House Inc. Phlippines, 2005. 267.
Saymo, Apolinario S. et. al., World Literature. Trinitas Publishing Inc. Phlippines, 2004. 1-
7.
Department of Education. Voyages in Communication. English Learner's Material, Pasig
City.
"Top Quotes about Literature," Writers Write, last modified July 21, 2013,
https://www.writerswrite.co.za/the-top-12-quotes-about-
literature/#:~:text=The%20Top%2012%20Quotes%20About%20Literature%201%20He,bir
th%20in%20us%20also%20...%20More%20items...%20
Development Team
Writer: Cortiz Y. Barammeda
Bunguiao National High School
Zamboanga City
Editor: Vickylou S. Ferrer
Reviewer: Valeria Fides G. Corteza, PhD
Education Program Supervisor
Layout Artist: Jovie R. Cruz, MAEd
Management Team:
Roy C. Tuballa, EMD. JD. CESO VI
Jay S. Montealto, CESO VI
Norma T. Francisco, DM
Mildred D. Dayao, Ed.D.
Valeria Fides G. Corteza, PhD
Aida Coyme, Ed. D.
